https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Self-Organized_Detainees&feed=atom&action=historySelf-Organized Detainees - Revision history2024-03-28T21:22:20ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.1https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Self-Organized_Detainees&diff=22709&oldid=prevCcarlsson: added new photo2014-08-06T22:34:11Z<p>added new photo</p>
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</table>Ccarlssonhttps://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Self-Organized_Detainees&diff=17194&oldid=prevCcarlsson: fixed navigation for new page2011-04-17T18:53:58Z<p>fixed navigation for new page</p>
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</table>Ccarlssonhttps://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Self-Organized_Detainees&diff=12572&oldid=prevCcarlsson: Protected "Self-Organized Detainees": excerpted essay [edit=sysop:move=sysop]2009-01-18T08:03:42Z<p>Protected "<a href="/index.php?title=Self-Organized_Detainees" title="Self-Organized Detainees">Self-Organized Detainees</a>": excerpted essay [edit=sysop:move=sysop]</p>
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</table>Ccarlssonhttps://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Self-Organized_Detainees&diff=9069&oldid=prevCcarlsson at 21:23, 7 October 20082008-10-07T21:23:35Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''English classes were conducted occasionally for the detainees on Angel Island during the early 20th century.'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''English classes were conducted occasionally for the detainees on Angel Island during the early 20th century.'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For their mutual aid and to maintain order, male detainees formed in 1922 an organization called the Zizhihui (Self-governing Association), whose Anglicized name, ironically, was Angel Island Liberty Association. The concept appeared to have evolved from the custom in the early years of speaking with a collective voice when asking for help or expressing grievances. Its formation was promoted by politically progressive detainees, and the women did not have a corresponding organization. Officers were usually elected from the people who had been detained the longest, particularly those whose cases were on appeal, and at times respected intellectuals were also selected.44</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For their mutual aid and to maintain order, male detainees formed in 1922 an organization called the Zizhihui (Self-governing Association), whose Anglicized name, ironically, was Angel Island Liberty Association. The concept appeared to have evolved from the custom in the early years of speaking with a collective voice when asking for help or expressing grievances. Its formation was promoted by politically progressive detainees, and the women did not have a corresponding organization. Officers were usually elected from the people who had been detained the longest, particularly those whose cases were on appeal, and at times respected intellectuals were also selected.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Angel Island Footnotes|</ins>44<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The scope of the association's activities during any particular period depended on the nature of the current detainee population as well as the organizing and leadership abilities of the officers. When new immigrants arrived, the association would often hold a mass meeting to enroll them as members, to explain the rules of conduct at the immigration station, and perhaps to collect some money for its treasury. With its meager funds the association bought records, books, and recreational equipment for the detainees' amusement. If talented individuals were available and willing, the association would schedule weekly skits, operas, or musical concerts for diversion in the evenings. At times classes were organized for the children,45 and occasionally officers succeeded in curtailing gambling in the dormitory.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The scope of the association's activities during any particular period depended on the nature of the current detainee population as well as the organizing and leadership abilities of the officers. When new immigrants arrived, the association would often hold a mass meeting to enroll them as members, to explain the rules of conduct at the immigration station, and perhaps to collect some money for its treasury. With its meager funds the association bought records, books, and recreational equipment for the detainees' amusement. If talented individuals were available and willing, the association would schedule weekly skits, operas, or musical concerts for diversion in the evenings. At times classes were organized for the children,<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Angel Island Footnotes|</ins>45<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>and occasionally officers succeeded in curtailing gambling in the dormitory.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Letters to and from the detainees were often handled by the officers of the group. If immigrants had complaints or requests, the association's spokesman, who usually knew some English, negotiated with the authorities. The association's officers also acted as liaison between the government officials and the inmates.46</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Letters to and from the detainees were often handled by the officers of the group. If immigrants had complaints or requests, the association's spokesman, who usually knew some English, negotiated with the authorities. The association's officers also acted as liaison between the government officials and the inmates.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Angel Island Footnotes|</ins>46<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''by H.M. Lai ''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''by H.M. Lai ''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>(from California History, spring 1978)</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>(from <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>California History<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>, spring 1978)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:Chinatwn%24exclusion-act%24chs_itm%24ch-cover.jpg]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Detained on Angel Island |Prev. Document]] [[Dead City: Colma Where San Franciscans go to Die |Next Document]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Detained on Angel Island |Prev. Document</del>]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dead City</del>: <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Colma Where San Franciscans go to Die |Next Document</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">category:San Francisco outside the city</ins>]] [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">category</ins>:<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1920s]] [[category:Chinese]] [[category:Immigration</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Ccarlssonhttps://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Self-Organized_Detainees&diff=5481&oldid=prevCcarlsson at 00:09, 20 December 20072007-12-20T00:09:10Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:09, 19 December 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l3">Line 3:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''English classes were conducted occasionally for the detainees on Angel Island during the early 20th century.'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''English classes were conducted occasionally for the detainees on Angel Island during the early 20th century.'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For their mutual aid and to maintain order, male detainees formed in 1922 an organization called the Zizhihui (Self-governing Association), whose Anglicized name, ironically, was Angel Island Liberty Association. The concept appeared to have evolved from the custom in the early years of speaking with a collective voice when asking for help or expressing grievances. Its formation was promoted by politically progressive detainees, and the women did not have a corresponding organization. Officers were usually elected from the people who had been detained the longest, particularly those whose cases were on appeal, and at times respected intellectuals were also selected.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[info on Chinese Rev. Art Club </del>44<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For their mutual aid and to maintain order, male detainees formed in 1922 an organization called the Zizhihui (Self-governing Association), whose Anglicized name, ironically, was Angel Island Liberty Association. The concept appeared to have evolved from the custom in the early years of speaking with a collective voice when asking for help or expressing grievances. Its formation was promoted by politically progressive detainees, and the women did not have a corresponding organization. Officers were usually elected from the people who had been detained the longest, particularly those whose cases were on appeal, and at times respected intellectuals were also selected.44</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The scope of the association's activities during any particular period depended on the nature of the current detainee population as well as the organizing and leadership abilities of the officers. When new immigrants arrived, the association would often hold a mass meeting to enroll them as members, to explain the rules of conduct at the immigration station, and perhaps to collect some money for its treasury. With its meager funds the association bought records, books, and recreational equipment for the detainees' amusement. If talented individuals were available and willing, the association would schedule weekly skits, operas, or musical concerts for diversion in the evenings. At times classes were organized for the children,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[info on Chinese Rev. Art Club </del>45<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>and occasionally officers succeeded in curtailing gambling in the dormitory.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The scope of the association's activities during any particular period depended on the nature of the current detainee population as well as the organizing and leadership abilities of the officers. When new immigrants arrived, the association would often hold a mass meeting to enroll them as members, to explain the rules of conduct at the immigration station, and perhaps to collect some money for its treasury. With its meager funds the association bought records, books, and recreational equipment for the detainees' amusement. If talented individuals were available and willing, the association would schedule weekly skits, operas, or musical concerts for diversion in the evenings. At times classes were organized for the children,45 and occasionally officers succeeded in curtailing gambling in the dormitory.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Letters to and from the detainees were often handled by the officers of the group. If immigrants had complaints or requests, the association's spokesman, who usually knew some English, negotiated with the authorities. The association's officers also acted as liaison between the government officials and the inmates.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[info on Chinese Rev. Art Club </del>46<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Letters to and from the detainees were often handled by the officers of the group. If immigrants had complaints or requests, the association's spokesman, who usually knew some English, negotiated with the authorities. The association's officers also acted as liaison between the government officials and the inmates.46</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''by H.M. Lai ''</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>''by H.M. Lai ''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>(from California History, spring 1978)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>(from California History, spring 1978)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Contributors to this page include:</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''California Historical Society,San Francisco,CA - Publisher or Photographer ''</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Lai,Him,Mark - Writer</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Detained on Angel Island |Prev. Document]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>[[Dead City: Colma Where San Franciscans go to Die |Next Document]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Detained on Angel Island |Prev. Document]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>[[Dead City: Colma Where San Franciscans go to Die |Next Document]]</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
</table>Ccarlssonhttps://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Self-Organized_Detainees&diff=2748&oldid=prevAdmin: 1 revision(s)2007-10-07T22:11:13Z<p>1 revision(s)</p>
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:11, 7 October 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-notice" lang="en"><div class="mw-diff-empty">(No difference)</div>
</td></tr></table>Adminhttps://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Self-Organized_Detainees&diff=2747&oldid=prevUnknown user at 00:00, 15 January 20012001-01-15T00:00:00Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[Image:outofsf$angel-island-english-class.jpg]]<br />
<br />
'''English classes were conducted occasionally for the detainees on Angel Island during the early 20th century.'''<br />
<br />
For their mutual aid and to maintain order, male detainees formed in 1922 an organization called the Zizhihui (Self-governing Association), whose Anglicized name, ironically, was Angel Island Liberty Association. The concept appeared to have evolved from the custom in the early years of speaking with a collective voice when asking for help or expressing grievances. Its formation was promoted by politically progressive detainees, and the women did not have a corresponding organization. Officers were usually elected from the people who had been detained the longest, particularly those whose cases were on appeal, and at times respected intellectuals were also selected.[[info on Chinese Rev. Art Club 44]]<br />
<br />
The scope of the association's activities during any particular period depended on the nature of the current detainee population as well as the organizing and leadership abilities of the officers. When new immigrants arrived, the association would often hold a mass meeting to enroll them as members, to explain the rules of conduct at the immigration station, and perhaps to collect some money for its treasury. With its meager funds the association bought records, books, and recreational equipment for the detainees' amusement. If talented individuals were available and willing, the association would schedule weekly skits, operas, or musical concerts for diversion in the evenings. At times classes were organized for the children,[[info on Chinese Rev. Art Club 45]] and occasionally officers succeeded in curtailing gambling in the dormitory.<br />
<br />
Letters to and from the detainees were often handled by the officers of the group. If immigrants had complaints or requests, the association's spokesman, who usually knew some English, negotiated with the authorities. The association's officers also acted as liaison between the government officials and the inmates.[[info on Chinese Rev. Art Club 46]]<br />
<br />
''by H.M. Lai ''<br />
<br />
(from California History, spring 1978)<br />
<br />
Contributors to this page include:<br />
<br />
''California Historical Society,San Francisco,CA - Publisher or Photographer ''<br />
<br />
Lai,Him,Mark - Writer<br />
<br />
[[Detained on Angel Island |Prev. Document]] [[Dead City: Colma Where San Franciscans go to Die |Next Document]]</div>Unknown user