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	<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=WASP%3A_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century</id>
	<title>WASP: Racism and Satire in the 19th Century - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=WASP%3A_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century"/>
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	<updated>2026-04-09T13:39:48Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.45.3</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;diff=30557&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ccarlsson: fixed formatting</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;diff=30557&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2020-05-27T22:32:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;fixed formatting&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;amp;diff=30557&amp;amp;oldid=23066&quot;&gt;Show changes&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;diff=23066&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ccarlsson at 23:26, 3 September 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;diff=23066&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-09-03T23:26:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:26, 3 September 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l87&quot;&gt;Line 87:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 87:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Chinese had directly challenged that policy in California in the spring of 1878, a year prior to the cartoon&amp;#039;s publication. Lorenzo Sawyer, presiding over the United States Courts for the Ninth Circuit, delivered his opinion in the case of Ah Yup, a Chinese immigrant who petitioned for naturalization on the grounds that he, as a Chinese man, qualified as white and was therefore eligible for American citizenship. Sawyer concluded that the case had, in fact, shown the elusive nature of the definition of &amp;quot;white,&amp;quot; as science had failed to adequately account for racial differentiation. However, the judge countered, in the United States, the word had &amp;quot;a well settled meaning in common popular speech,&amp;quot; in a way that had become &amp;quot;constantly used in the sense so acquired in the literature of the country, as well as in common parlance.&amp;quot;(31) Lacking empirical grounds on which to base his ruling, Sawyer opted instead to base his juridical logic on the grounds of social consensus and a tacit endorsement of the legitimacy of white supremacy. The Chinese, unlike blacks in the South, had no de jure claim to the franchise in any case.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Chinese had directly challenged that policy in California in the spring of 1878, a year prior to the cartoon&amp;#039;s publication. Lorenzo Sawyer, presiding over the United States Courts for the Ninth Circuit, delivered his opinion in the case of Ah Yup, a Chinese immigrant who petitioned for naturalization on the grounds that he, as a Chinese man, qualified as white and was therefore eligible for American citizenship. Sawyer concluded that the case had, in fact, shown the elusive nature of the definition of &amp;quot;white,&amp;quot; as science had failed to adequately account for racial differentiation. However, the judge countered, in the United States, the word had &amp;quot;a well settled meaning in common popular speech,&amp;quot; in a way that had become &amp;quot;constantly used in the sense so acquired in the literature of the country, as well as in common parlance.&amp;quot;(31) Lacking empirical grounds on which to base his ruling, Sawyer opted instead to base his juridical logic on the grounds of social consensus and a tacit endorsement of the legitimacy of white supremacy. The Chinese, unlike blacks in the South, had no de jure claim to the franchise in any case.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[WASP: The Case of the Chinese|continue reading... &quot;The Case of the Chinese&quot;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[WASP: The Case of the Chinese|continue reading &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;part two&lt;/ins&gt;... &quot;The Case of the Chinese&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[WASP: Bipartisan Consensus and the Rise of the Workingmen&#039;s Party of California|continue reading part three... &quot;The Bipartisan Consensus and the Rise of the Workingmen&#039;s Party of California&lt;/ins&gt;&quot;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;diff=23061&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ccarlsson at 23:16, 3 September 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;diff=23061&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-09-03T23:16:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:16, 3 September 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l156&quot;&gt;Line 156:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 156:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[category:media]] [[category:1870s]] [[category:1880s]] [[category:Power and Money]] [[category:Racism]] [[category:Chinese]] [[category:dissent]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[category:media]] [[category:1870s]] [[category:1880s]] [[category:Power and Money]] [[category:Racism]] [[category:Chinese]] [[category:dissent&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] [[category:African-American&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;diff=23060&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ccarlsson at 23:14, 3 September 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;diff=23060&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-09-03T23:14:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;amp;diff=23060&amp;amp;oldid=23059&quot;&gt;Show changes&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;diff=23059&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ccarlsson: Created page with &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;font face = Papyrus&gt; &lt;font color = maroon&gt; &lt;font size = 4&gt;Historical Essay&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;  &#039;&#039;by Nicholas Sean Hall&#039;&#039;  &#039;&#039;Originally published as &#039;&#039;The Wasp&#039;s &quot;Troubl...&#039;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;diff=23059&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-09-03T23:01:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;by Nicholas Sean Hall&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Originally published as &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Wasp&amp;#039;s &amp;quot;Troubl...&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century&amp;amp;diff=23059&quot;&gt;Show changes&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
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