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	<id>https://foundsf.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Ccarlsson</id>
	<title>FoundSF - User contributions [en]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://foundsf.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Ccarlsson"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/Special:Contributions/Ccarlsson"/>
	<updated>2026-06-09T06:28:33Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Talks:_2026_Videos&amp;diff=39150</id>
		<title>Talks: 2026 Videos</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Talks:_2026_Videos&amp;diff=39150"/>
		<updated>2026-06-05T21:28:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Primary Source&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Shaping San Francisco hosts Public Talks on a variety of topics, usually on Wednesday nights, a dozen times a year. Our topic themes vary, but we&#039;ve grouped them over time into these categories: Art &amp;amp; Politics, Ecology, Historical Perspectives, Literary, and Social Movements.&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_jun3-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;June 3, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Rewilding San Francisco&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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World Environment Day with its Global Call for Climate Action is June 5. Restoring nature reduces our climate impact while making our life-places more resilient to climate disruption. Join us for a panel discussion with community stewards caring for and rewilding San Francisco&#039;s public open spaces. Learn about current stewardship work and strategies for helping nature thrive in San Francisco so that San Franciscans can thrive in nature. Tom Radulovich (Livable City), Peter Brastow (SF Dept. of Environment), Sophie Constantinou (Citizen Film and Bernal Cut), and Ildiko Polony (Sutro Stewards).&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/rewilding-sf-june-3-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_may27-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;May 27, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;AI and Empire Building&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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We bring together several sharp critics of the hype machine that has long characterized the internet and our successive tech booms, currently blowing up in the AI bubble. Lost in the hand wringing over the more exaggerated claims of boosters and doomers is the ongoing reproduction of a colonial seizure of what should be our common wealth. This process has long historic roots and in some ways it is thanks to our amnesiac culture that the current crop of billionaire investors and tech bros have gotten away with doing it all again. Wendy Liu, Alex Hanna, Tamara Kneese, and Elizabeth Travelslight. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/ai-and-empire-building-may-27-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_apr16-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;April 16, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;San Francisco: A Liberal Oligarchy?&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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New tech oligarchs have thrown their money around to shape city politics for the past decade. We now have a billionaire bluejeans heir for mayor. We explore how organized money and corporate power managed to steer San Francisco going back through the post-WWII cold war, the long decline of Catholic morality, and the explosion of social movements and the sexual revolution the city is known for. Join political scientist Lincoln Mitchell, former supervisor and Mayoral candidate Tom Ammiano, and neighborhood activist and writer Romalyn Schmaltz for a spirited romp through the tangled and conflicted histories of the past few decades. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/san-francisco-liberal-oligarchy-april-16-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_mar25-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;March 25, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Re-Imagining Serra&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Chris Cuadrado&#039;s artist activation uses multimedia technology to create an alternative statue emerging from the rubble of what has been torn down. Chris investigates the act of reappropriation to rebuild the memory of Junipero Serra. Based on collected ephemera, photographs, video footage, and sourced miniature replicas related to the statue, a screening and sound sculpture is a meditation on the figure of Padre Junipero Serra. Attendees will be invited to reflect on monuments, legacy, and public space.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Part of Shaping Legacy: San Francisco Monuments &amp;amp; Memorials, a project of San Francisco Arts Commission, with Adriana Camarena, Kim Shuck, and Chris Cuadrado. Thanks to Association of Ramaytush Ohlone for guidance throughout the year.&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/re-imagining-serra-march-25-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_mar11-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;March 11, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;City of Redwood&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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James Michael Buckley’s 2024 &#039;&#039;City of Wood: San Francisco and the Architecture of the Redwood Lumber Industry&#039;&#039; reconnects us to the built environment from San Francisco all the way up to Eureka in the far north of California, past and present. David Schmidt’s brand new majesterial &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039; contains a close look at the historic forests of the Bay Area and how they were cut down to help build the region. Together these speakers will help us see how profoundly the iconic trees of the west coast literally undergird our everyday lives even today. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/city-of-redwood-march-11-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_feb25-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;February 25, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Memory Keeping from Indigenous Perspectives&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Shaping San Francisco’s year-long case study of the Padre Junípero Serra statue included a folklife-based, community-led research process centered on memory-keeping practices. Indigenous community researchers explored everyday practices from their own cultures that carry collective knowledge. The researchers included members of Urban Native communities, Indigenous migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean, and urban youth. Their research invites reflection on how genocide, relocation, and migration continue to erode Indigenous ways of knowing, and how communities continue to protect and hold on to them. The process was facilitated by storyteller Adriana Camarena. Several community researchers will share their findings. The discussion will be presented in Spanish and English.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Part of Shaping Legacy: San Francisco Monuments &amp;amp; Memorials, a project of San Francisco Arts Commission &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/memory-keeping-from-indigenous-perspectives-feb-25-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_feb11-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;February 11, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;The Priest, the Imperialist, and the Sculptor&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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We close a year-long case study of the Padre Junipero Serra statue. Jonathan Cordero (Association of Ramaytush Ohlone)  critically examines the romantic myth that supports the veneration of Serra and reveals the actual calamitous impact of the mission system. Chris Carlsson explains how an unlikely series of events led to the so-called “Mission Revival”, the commissioning of the statue by James Phelan, and giving Serra an undeserved new role in a manufactured public memory. He reveals that the statue&#039;s placement in Golden Gate Park in 1907 in fact bolstered a white supremacist agenda at the dawn of the 20th century. LisaRuth Elliott explores Douglas Tilden, the cosmopolitan sculptor revered in the deaf community, and his many other contributions to the SF civic art collection and beyond. This evening is a chance to talk about the reanimation of a man through a monument, the fraught relationship between a patron of the arts and his protegé, and how these honorific likenesses and what they are supposed to signify become part of our urban space.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Part of Shaping Legacy: San Francisco Monuments &amp;amp; Memorials, a project of San Francisco Arts Commission&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/priest-imperialist-sculptor-feb-11-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[category:1776-1823]] [[category:1823-1846]] [[category:1880s]] [[category:1890s]] [[category:1910s]] [[category:2020s]] [[category:Indigenous]] [[category:racism]] [[category:Power and Money]] [[category:architecture]] [[category:Public Art]] [[category:Filipino]] [[category:Talks]] [[category:Mexican]] [[category:Food]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Ecology]] [[category:Churches]] [[category:Famous characters]] [[category:Technology]] [[category:Schools]] [[category:Bernal Heights]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Category:Talks&amp;diff=39149</id>
		<title>Category:Talks</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Category:Talks&amp;diff=39149"/>
		<updated>2026-06-05T20:53:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: /* Ecology */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Shaping San Francisco hosts Public Talks on a variety of topics on Wednesday nights, 10–18 times a year. Our topic themes vary, but we&#039;ve grouped them over time into the categories listed below. These Public Talks have been archived in audio and since 2014 in video. Browse our offerings, and catch up on almost two decades of public discussions. Find them also at the Shaping San Francisco collection on the [https://archive.org/details/shaping_sf Internet Archive], and embedded in archival pages at [http://shapingsf.org/public-talks/index.html shapingsf.org]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Unlinked Talks mean there is no audio or video available.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#art|Art &amp;amp; Politics]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#ecology|Ecology]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#history|Historical Perspectives]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#lit|Literary]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#social|Social Movements]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;art&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Art &amp;amp; Politics&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks:  Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2024- &amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_mar25-26|March 25, 2026: Chris &amp;quot;L7&amp;quot; Cuadrado—Re-Imagining Serra]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_oct1-25|October 1, 2025: Eric Drooker—&#039;&#039;Naked City&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_sep25-24|September 25, 2024: Will Maynez Interprets Diego Rivera]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_may8-24|May 8, 2024: Hughen/Starkweather]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks:_Art_%26_Politics_/_2015-2020|Public Talks:  Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020]] &amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics_/_2015-2020-#feb26-20|February 26, 2020: Miranda Bergman]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics_/_2015-2020#sep11-19|September 11, 2019: San Francisco Poster Syndicate]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-20209#apr3-19|April 3, 2019: Chris &amp;quot;L7&amp;quot; Cuadrado]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb13-19|February 13, 2019: Seth Eisen/OUT of Site]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#nov28-18|November 28, 2018: Public Art and Murals: Controversy, Neglect, Restoration]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#may2-18|May 2, 2018: Kal Spelletich--Do Androids Dream of Surplus Value?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#apr4-18|April 4, 2018: Insurgent Country Music and its Roots in the Golden State]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#mar14-18|March 14, 2018: Ilana Crispi: Tenderloin and Mission Dirt]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb28-18|February 28, 2018: Lou Dematteis]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#nov8-17|November 8, 2017: Seth Eisen &amp;quot;OUT of Site&amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#jun7-17|June 7, 2017: Kent Minault&#039;s &amp;amp;quot;Diggerly-Do&#039;s&amp;amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#jan25-17|January 25, 2017: Packard Jennings]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#sep28-16|September 28, 2016: Jenny Odell, Art as Archiving, Archiving as Art]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb24-16|February 24, 2016: Mauro Ffortissimo with Dean Mermell]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#nov4-15|November 4, 2015: Guillermo Gomez-Peña]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#sep30-15|September 30, 2015: Nato Green]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#mar4-15|March 4, 2015: Sirron Norris]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb11-15|February 11, 2015: Rene Yañez]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014|Public Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#nov12-14|November 12, 2014: Janet Delaney]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#apr30-14|April 30, 2014: Yolanda Lopez]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#mar26-14|March 26, 2014: Norman Nawrocki — Cazzarola!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#jan22-14|January 22, 2014: Songs of Freedom celebration]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#apr24-13|April 24, 2013: Rebar]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#nov7-12|November 7, 2012: Clarion Alley Mural Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#may16-12|May 16, 2012: Amy Franceschini]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#may9-12|May 9, 2012: Rock, Posters, and Politics!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#apr18-12|April 18, 2012: &amp;quot;Reel Hood Heroes&amp;quot;: Conscious Youth Media Crew]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#mar21-12|March 21, 2012: Jess Curtis: Body of Work]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:October 19, 2011: An Open Rehearsal of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Trial of Lucullus&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#may25-11|May 25, 2011: Lost Murals, Political Posters, Underground Comix: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Ten Years That Shook the City: San Francisco 1968-78&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#feb9-11|February 9, 2011: Eric Drooker and HOWL]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010|Public Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#oct27-10|October 27, 2010: A Staged Reading of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Money,&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; a WPA Comedy from 1937]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep22-10|September 22, 2010: RIGO]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#may19-10|May 19, 2010: History of San Francisco&#039;s Carnaval]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#mar10-10|March 10, 2010: Socially Engaged Printmaking Today]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#feb17-10|February 17, 2010: Melanie Cervantes and Jesus Barraza]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#jan20-10|January 20, 2010: Patricia Rodriguez]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#dec9-09|December 9, 2009: Keith Hennessy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#nov18-09|November 18, 2009: Philippines: Immigration Politics and the Body]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep23-09|September 23, 2009: From India to the Bay Area: Culture and Economy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep16-09|September 16, 2009: Conscious Youth Media Crew]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#may27-09|May 27, 2009: Susan Greene]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#apr15-09|April 15, 2009: Russell Howze]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#mar18-09|March 18, 2009: Jet Martinez]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#feb18-09|February 18, 2009: Doug Minkler]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#oct8-08|October 8, 2008: San Francisco Print Collective]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:September 10, 2008: Art as Intervention&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#mar19-08|March 19, 2008: Favianna Rodriguez]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#feb20-08|February 20, 2008: Eric Drooker]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#jan16-08|January 16, 2008: Andrew Schoultz]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#oct17-07|October 17, 2007: Hugh D&amp;amp;rsquo;Andrade]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep19-07|September 19, 2007: Mona Caron]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:September 12, 2007: Grant Funding for the Arts in San Francisco: A Discussion&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;ecology&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Ecology&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Ecology / 2026&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_jun3-26|June 3, 2026: Rewilding San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_mar11-26|March 11, 2026: City of Redwood]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Ecology / 2024-2025&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_mar26-25|March 26, 2025: Biospheric Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_mar26-24|March 26, 2024: Cultivating Food Resilience and Combating Global Challenges]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Ecology / 2020-2023&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_dec2-23|December 2, 2023: Thinkwalk—1862 Flood]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep30-23|September 30, 2023: Natural Areas II Bike Tour: Golden Gate Park to Lobos Valley]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep23-23|September 23, 2023: Frisco Bay Mussel Group: A Look Back]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep22-23|September 22, 2023: San Francisco Natural History with Greg Gaar]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_apr23-23|April 23, 2023: Special Anniversary Bike Tour: Natural Areas and Native Plants]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_mar18-23|March 18, 2023: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Journey to the Highest Peak: Mt. Davidson]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_nov5-22|November 5, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—China Beach to Mountain Lake]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_oct15-22|October 15, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Tunnel Tops to Francisco Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_sep24-22|September 24, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Chain of Lakes, Golden Gate Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_apr9-22|April 9, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—San Bruno Mountain]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_mar26-22|March 26, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Fort Funston to Pine Lake]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_jan29-22|January 29, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Visitacion Valley and Little Hollywood]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_nov6-21|November 6, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Glen Canyon and Sutro Forest]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_oct9-21|October 9, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Bayview Hill and Candlestick Point State Recreation Area]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_aug28-21|August 28, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Grandview Peak and Golden Gate Heights]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_jun26-21|June 26, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Dogpatch, Warm Water Cove, Shipyards and Crane Cove Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_apr10-21|April 10, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Presidio: Crissy Field to El Polín Spring]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2020 Videos#v_dec13-20|December 13, 2020: King Tide/Sea Level Rise Mission Bay Virtual Walking Tour]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2020 Videos#v_sep19-20|September 19, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—India Basin and Heron&#039;s Head Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019|Public Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#sep25-19|September 25, 2019: Neighborhood Corridors: Memory and Ecology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#may22-19|May 22, 2019: Local Ecological Justice and Urbanity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#mar27-19|March 27, 2019: Sea Level Rise: Pacific Ocean and the Bay Area]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#mar28-18|March 28, 2018: Saving the Bay from the &amp;quot;Future&amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#mar7-18|March 7, 2018: Resilient by Design: The Language of Water]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#feb7-18|February 7, 2018: Building a Deep Map--Beyond Buildings and Views]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017|Public Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#sep27-17|September 27, 2017: Other Food Systems Are Possible]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may10-17|May 10, 2017: From the Delta to the Bayshore: Adaptation Infrastructure and Rising Seas]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#feb8-17|February 8, 2017: Citizen Science/Extinction Culture]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#nov30-16|November 30, 2016: Unseen City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may11-16|May 11, 2016: What’s Going Right with the Global Environment!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#apr27-16|April 27, 2016: Oil, Soil, and (Climate) Turmoil]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#apr13-16|April 13, 2016: Synthetic Biology: DIY Tinkering Meets Big Capital]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#dec2-15|December 2, 2015: Tending the Urban Wild]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may13-15|May 13, 2015: Plumbing California: Past, Present, and Future]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may6-15|May 6, 2015: Rewilding and the Anthropocene]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#apr22-15|April 22, 2015: Telling Stories with Bricks]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#feb4-15|February 4, 2015: San Francisco’s Wild Menu: Flora, Fauna, Feast]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014|Public Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#nov5-14|November 5, 2014: Trees and History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#sep10-14|September 10, 2014: The Evolving Eastern Shoreline]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may14-14|May 14, 2014: Political Economy of Bees]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may7-14|May 7, 2014: Dogs, Density, and Natural Areas]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#apr9-14|April 9, 2014: Urban Farming and Urban Nature: Are We Competing or Cooperating?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#mar12-14|March 12, 2014: Saltworks and Shorelines: a Visual and Social History of the San Francisco Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#feb26-14|February 26, 2014: Design Radicals: Berkeley 1960s and Today]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#feb5-14|February 5, 2014: Becoming a Biodiversity City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#oct30-13|October 30, 2013: Liberation Biology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may22-13|May 22, 2013: Talking About Ecology and Science in Public]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#mar27-13|March 27, 2013: Designing Resilient Landscapes: What history teaches us about San Francisco and the Bay-Delta Estuary]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#jan16-13|January 16, 2013: The Tigers of Market Street: Butterfly Habitat along a Busy Urban Corridor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#dec5-12|December 5, 2012: Planning 4th Street: Remaking a San Francisco Corridor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#aug28-12|August 28, 2012: The Next Step in Sustainability]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may23-12|May 23, 2012: What Are Our Streets For?]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011|Public Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#nov9-11|November 9, 2011: In Search of San Francisco&#039;s Eradicated Landscapes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#oct26-11|October 26, 2011: Urban Homesteading]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#sep28-11|September 28, 2011: Did Laguna Dolores Exist?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#sep14-11|September 14, 2011: Endangered Species Campaigning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#jun8-11|June 8, 2011: Ecology and Food of the 1970s: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Ten Years That Shook the City: San Francisco 1968-78&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#mar30-11|March 30, 2011: Reciprocal Bio-Regional Culture from the Bay Area to the Sierras]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:February 23, 2011: Underground Food Politics&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#feb16-11|February 16, 2011: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Vanished Waters&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;: A History of San Francisco&#039;s Mission Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#jan26-11|January 26, 2011: Environmental History of Golden Gate Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#nov17-10|November 17, 2010: Watersheds from California to Mexico]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#nov10-10|November 10, 2010: Eco-Politics, a Strategic Roundtable]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#may26-10|May 26, 2010: Twin Peaks Bioregional Park: A Conservation Strategy for the Heart of San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 12, 2010: Circle the Food Wagons!—Local Food Economies&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#feb24-10|February 24, 2010: San Francisco Golf Courses, Parks, Natural Areas]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#jan27-10|January 27, 2010: Urban Forest]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009|Public Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;October 28, 2009: Climate Change/Climate Justice&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#sep30-09|September 30, 2009: Ecology and Redevelopment in Bayview/Hunter&#039;s Point ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#may13-09|May 13, 2009: Can Capitalism really &amp;amp;ldquo;Go Green?&amp;amp;rdquo;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#apr29-09|April 29, 2009: Permacultural Transformation for the Urban Dweller]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#mar25-09|March 25, 2009: Toxic San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#feb25-09|February 25, 2009: Bees in the City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#jan29-09|January 28, 2009: Lake Merced Natural Area&#039;s Future]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:November 19, 2008: Green Streets: Redesigning San Francisco One Block at a Time&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#oct29-08|October 29, 2008: Candlestick Point: State Park for the People]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:February 27, 2008: San Francisco&#039;s Imperiled and Surviving Birds&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#jan30-08|January 30, 2008: Endangered Species Big Year]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007|Public Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#nov28-07|November 28, 2007: Food Security &amp;amp;amp; Urban Agriculture]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#oct24-07|October 24, 2007: New Politics for Green Cities]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#sep26-07|September 26, 2007: San Francisco Water Sources]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 30, 2007: San Francisco Ecology: Butterflies in the City&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 2, 2007: Immigration, Work, and Agriculture: From Enclosures to Fast-Food&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:April 25, 2007: The National Park Where We Live&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#feb28-07|February 28, 2007:  Laying a Foundation for a Green City (3 podcasts) ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:January 31, 2007: Grassroots Activism to Save San Bruno Mountain&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:November 29, 2006: Native Habitat Restoration: Frogs in San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:October 25, 2006: Recycling Activism: Trash and Toxics &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:September 27, 2006: Activism in and for the San Francisco Bay Ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#may31-06|May 31, 2006 : Can San Francisco Feed Itself? (3 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 10, 2006: San Francisco&#039;s Food Revolt&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#apr26-06|April 26, 2006: Reclaiming Bay Area Military Bases (2 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#mar29-06|March 29, 2006: Natural Disasters and Community Response (4 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:February 22, 2006: Nature in the Urban Environment&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 25, 2006: Natural Areas of San Francisco: a Pre-Urban View&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;history&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Historical Perspectives&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2026-&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_apr16-26|April 16, 2026: San Francisco: A Liberal Oligarchy?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_feb25-26|February 25, 2026: Memory Keeping from Indigenous Perspectives]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_feb11-26|February 11, 2026: The Priest, the Imperialist, and the Sculptor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2021-2025&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_dec10-25|December 10, 2025: Radiation in our Midst]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_nov19-25|November 19, 2025: Logistics, Containers, Seafarers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_nov5-25|November 5, 2025: Auto Row to Robo-cars: A Century of Protesting Carmageddon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_may14-25|May 14, 2025: HUAC and the New McCarthyism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_apr16-25|April 16, 2025: Explosivity: Port Chicago &amp;amp; Beyond]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_oct16-24|October 16, 2024: Rebel Airwaves: Looking back at 75 years of KPFA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_oct9-24|October 9, 2024: The First Post-Pandemic Political Era: After WWI]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_sep25-24|September 25, 2024: Will Maynez Interprets Diego Rivera]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_sep11-24|September 11, 2024: Muni Labor, Muni Love]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_apr24-24|April 24, 2024: History of Monopoly (the game)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_apr10-24|April 10, 2024: Life and Death in a Great American City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_dec5-23|December 15, 2023: Talking History with Gary Kamiya]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_nov15-23|November 15, 2023: Living in the Archives]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_nov8-23|November 8, 2023: Peoples History of SFO]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_oct28-23|October 28, 2023: Lone Mountain Cemeteries]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_oct24-23|October 24, 2023: Mountain View Cemetery]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep27-23|September 27, 2023: Trains into the Outside Lands]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_aug26-23|August 26, 2023: Bicycle Messenger Crackdown Commemoration Ride]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_jun14-23|June 14, 2023: San Francisco and the New Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_may20-23|May 20, 2023: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Food and Baseball in SOMA and the Mission]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_mar26-23|March 26, 2023: Tour of the Oakland Tribune Tower]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_jan28-23|January 28, 2023: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Bernal Cut to Diamond Heights]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_nov19-22|November 19, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Pacific Heights and Cow Hollow]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_sep18-21|September 18 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Eureka Valley and Corbett Heights]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_mar6-21|March 6 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Bernal Heights and the Bernal Cut]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Spring 2020 Videos#v_nov14-20|November 14, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—McLaren Park and Philosophers&#039; Way]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Spring 2020 Videos#v_sep26-20|September 26, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Fort Mason and Black Point]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;August 29, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—SF General Hospital and Potrero Hill &#039;&#039;No recording available&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#mar11-20|March 11, 2020: &#039;&#039;Hidden San Francisco&#039;&#039;: Book Release and Birthday Party]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#dec11-19|December 11, 2019: Valencia Street as a Lesbian Corridor: Living Memories]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#nov13-19|November 13, 2019: Progress to Poverty: Land and Rents]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#nov6-19|November 6, 2019: Alcatraz Occupation: A Beginning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#oct23-19|October 23, 2019: Shellmounds, Indigenous Culture, and Ecology on the San Francisco Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#oct2-19|October 2, 2019: Storytelling and the Memory Keepers]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#may29-19|May 29, 2019: Americans in the Spanish Civil War]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#apr10-19|April 10, 2019: Neighborhood Newspapers of San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#feb6-19|February 6, 2019: Internment and its Aftermath]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#jan23-19|January 23, 2019: Before San Francisco: Spanish and Mexican Peninsula]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#nov7-18|November 7, 2018: The War to End All Wars]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct31-18|October 31, 2018: The Jazz of Modern Basketball: &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Racism and Virtuosity at the Roots of the Golden State Warriors]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct10-18|October 10, 2018: Missing Pieces: Remembering Elements of a Gone City]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#sep26-18|September 26, 2018: Model SF: Collectively Shaping the City]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#may23-18|May 23, 2018: Archives and Memory: New Ways of Making History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#may9-18|May 9, 2018: Platform Cooperatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#apr25-18|April 25, 2018: Universal Basic Income, Is It time?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#jan24-18|January 24, 2018: Dogpatch Then and Now]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#dec6-17|December 6, 2017: Popular Front to Cold War]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct11-17|October 11, 2017: Speeding Through the Unseen, From Coding to Commons]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct4-17|October 4, 2017: Art and Architecture During the Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#may3-17|May 3, 2017: Agents of Change: California Labor History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#feb22-17|February 22, 2017: Progressive Transgressions]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#dec7-16|December 7, 2016: Divided We Fall: Immigration and Scapegoating]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#nov9-16|November 9, 2016: The Housing Crisis and The Growth Consensus: What&#039;s Wrong with this Picture?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#oct5-16|October 5, 2016: 19th Century California Indian Slavery and Genocide]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#may25-16|May 25, 2016: Audible Cities]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#apr20-16|April 20, 2016: San Francisco, 1960s &amp;amp; 70s: Cultural Ecology and Experimentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#mar16-16|March 16, 2016: Street Names, Streetcars, and Street Life]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#mar9-16|March 9, 2016: Rise and Fall of Third Worldism]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#feb10-16|February 10, 2016: New (Old) Paradigms in Medicine]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#jan27-16|January 27, 2016: Easter Rebellion and Irish San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#dec9-15|December 9, 2015: United Nations and New Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#oct7-15|October 7, 2015: Archaeology Finds…Daily Family Life in Early SF Settlements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#apr8-15|April 8, 2015: The Tenderloin: SF’s Most Fraught Neighborhood]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#feb24-15|February 24, 2015: Promises of Progress: Panama-Pacific International Exposition]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#jan21-15|January 21, 2015: Washed Away—Newfound Extreme Weather History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#dec3-14|December 3, 2014: Tunneling San Francisco Then and Now: Where&#039;s the Public Interest?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#oct9-14|October 9, 2014: Making History by Making Maps]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#sep24-14|September 24, 2014: No Future at College?!?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#may28-14|May 28, 2014: San Francisco&#039;s Ghadar Party Heritage]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#apr16-14|April 16, 2014: Upton Sinclair/End Poverty in California]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#mar19-14|March 19, 2014: Stop, Thief! The Commons, Enclosures, and Resistance]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#jan15-14|January 15, 2014: Latinos at the Golden Gate: Creating Community &amp;amp; Identity in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#oct9-13|October 9, 2013: Bay Area Indigenous Pre-History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#sep25-13|September 25, 2013: Radical Archiving and Cataloging as Social History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#sep11-13|September 11, 2013: The Bay Bridge, 1936-2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#apr13-13|April 13, 2013: Chinese Whispers]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#feb27-13|February 27, 2013: Pier 70, Transforming 19th Century Ironworks to a 21st Century ... ?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#jan30-13|January 30, 2013: Catastrophism: The Apocalyptic Politics of Collapse and Rebirth]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#dec12-12|December 12, 2012: Old City Hall: Corruption &amp;amp;amp; Racism in 19th Century San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jul17-12|July 17, 2012: Bristol Radical History Group “History From Below”]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#may30-12|May 30, 2012: FoundSF: Dissent]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#may2-12|May 2, 2012: Mat Callahan presents the &amp;quot;James Connolly--Songs of Freedom&amp;quot; project]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#apr25-12|April 25, 2012: Radically Gay: Harry Hay, LGBT pioneer]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jan18-12|January 18, 2012: The Vietnam War Continues]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#dec14-11|December 14, 2011: Centennial Anniversary! Women Get the Vote!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#nov30-11|November 30, 2011: The History of the Future]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#oct12-11|October 12, 2011: Reimagining Market Street]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:May 11, 2011: A Virtual Civil Liberties Tour of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jan19-11|January 19, 2011: Before (and After) the Car: San Francisco&#039;s Transit History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:January 12, 2011: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes of Detroit&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jan13-10|January 13, 2010: Prohibition in San Francisco: Then and Now]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;December 16, 2009 : Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes of the East Bay&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#nov11-09|November 11, 2009: Alcatraz: 40th Anniversary of Indigenous Occupation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#sep9-09|September 9, 2009: Final Tap: An Unofficial History of Beer]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:February 11, 2009: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes III: Film Fragments of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 21, 2009: FoundSF: San Francisco History Wiki Workshop&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#nov12-08|November 12, 2008: The Invisible Public Legacy of the Great Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#sep17-08|September 17, 2008: SF State Strike 40th Anniversary]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:December 19, 2007: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes: Film Fragments of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#apr11-07|April 11, 2007: Lowriders: When the Mission was Low and Slow]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#feb14-07|February 14, 2007: A History of Land Grabs in San Francisco and Some Counter-efforts]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:December 6, 2006: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes: Film Fragments of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
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:November 8, 2006: Sexual and Reproductive Freedom Since the 1960s&lt;br /&gt;
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:June 14, 2006: Films by Calvin Roberts: A San Franciscan&amp;amp;rsquo;s Lost History&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#apr12-06|April 12, 2006: Black Exodus and Black Eviction in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#feb8-06|February 8, 2006: Philippines &amp;amp;amp; San Francisco: Connected Through History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 18, 2006: Labor strength: Historic Bay Area General Strikes&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;lit&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Literary&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017|Public Talks: Literary / 2010-2017]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar11-20|March 11, 2020: &#039;&#039;Hidden San Francisco&amp;quot;: Book Release and Birthday Party]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar8-17|March 8, 2017: Local History in Your Ear]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#nov11-15|November 11, 2015: Literary Liberalism and the Western Voice]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#nov13-13|November 13, 2013: Literary Treasures of the North Mission]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#oct16-13|October 16, 2013: Unsettlers: El Cabe]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#may8-13|May 8, 2013: Unsettlers: Migrants, Homies, and Mammas in the Mission]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#apr13-11|April 13, 2011: History of the Charles H. Kerr Publishing Co.]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar23-11|March 23, 2011: The Radical Futures Of The Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#oct20-10|October 20, 2010: Hard Boiled for Hard Times—Crime Authors in the City]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#oct13-10|October 13, 2010: Outspoken Authors Speak Out]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar24-10|March 24, 2010: Science Fiction and the Struggle for Justice]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar17-10|March 17, 2010: Crime/Noir Writers Describe Their Crimes in the City]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;social&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Social Movements&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Social Movements / 2026-&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_may27-26|May 27, 2026: AI and Empire Building]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2020|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2020-2025]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_oct22-25|October 22, 2025: Social Housing: Challenging YIMBYs and NIMBYs]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_feb26-25|February 26, 2025: New Luddites vs. Biopiracy and AI]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_dec4-24|December 4, 2024: Refusing Silicon Valley]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_jul5-24|July 5, 2024: 1934 Big Strike 90th Anniversary]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_may22-24|May 22, 2024: Rainbow Grocery Cooperative]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_may28-22|May 28, 2022: Urban Forum Walk n Talk: CCSF to SFSU]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_nov18-21|November 18, 2021: An Irish Catholic Liberal: Bishop Mark J. Hurley and the 1968-69 Strike at State]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2020#jan29-20|January 29, 2020: Enola Gay Faggot Affinity Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#dec4-19|December 4, 2019: Seattle/WTO Shutdown: 20th Anniversary]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct15-19|October 15, 2019: For the Record: Eyewitness Testimonies of the police murder of Luis Góngora Pat]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct9-19|October 9, 2019: Expanding San Francisco’s Common Wealth]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#may8-19|May 8, 2019: The Women of Los Siete de la Raza]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#mar13-19|March 13, 2019: Dockworker Power in the Bay Area and South Africa]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#dec5-18|December 5, 2018: Movements of Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct24-18|October 24, 2018: Rethinking 1968: What Happened, How Has It Shaped Us?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct3-18|October 3, 2018: Women, Power, and the Vote: 1911 Suffrage to the 2018 Midterms]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#dec13-17|December 13, 2017: San Francisco&#039;s Freeway Revolt]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct18-17|October 18, 2017: 50th Anniversary of the Stop the Draft Week Protests]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#may31-17|May 31, 2017: Summer of Love or Vietnam Summer?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#mar22-17|March 22, 2017: We&#039;ve Done This Before: 1980s Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct26-16|October 26, 2016: Death of Money: Diggers 50 Years Later]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct12-16|October 12, 2016: Compton&#039;s Cafeteria 50th Anniversary—The Transformation of Trans Politics and Identity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#sep14-16|September 14, 2016: Hunter&#039;s Point Rebellion, 50 Years Later]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct14-15|October 14, 2015: Housing is a Human Right!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#sep23-15|September 23, 2015: Prisoners and Politics: from the San Quentin Six to Pelican Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#apr29-15|April 29, 2015: Union Demise and New Workers’ Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#apr1-15|April 1, 2015: Vietnam War, Dissent, and the U.S. Military]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#jan14-15|January 14, 2015: Home on the Grange]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#dec10-14|December 10, 2014: Latin American Social Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct29-14|October 29, 2014: San Francisco’s Housing Wars 2014 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct1-14|October 1, 2014: A History of LGBTQ  Spaces . . .Where you Least Expect Them]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#dec4-13|December 4, 2013: Remembering Los Siete]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#nov6-13|November 6, 2013: Confronting Cultural Genocide]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct2-13|October 2, 2013: The Red Army Faction—Dancing With Imperialism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#may20-13|May 20, 2013: &amp;quot;We are not machines!&amp;quot; The Situation and Struggles of the iSlaves in China]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#mar13-13|March 13, 2013: Asia&#039;s Unknown Uprisings]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#feb20-13|February 20, 2013: The Revolution of Everyday Life]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct17-12|October 17, 2012: Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct10-12|October 10, 2012: Ohlone Profiles Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#sep12-12|September 12, 2012: Mexico Today: Dinosaurs, Popular Refusal, and Hashtags!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#apr11-12|April 11, 2012: West of Eden: Communes and Utopia in Northern California]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#mar28-12|March 28, 2012: Selma James and George Katsiaficas]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#mar14-12|March 14, 2012: Rebooting the Rainbow]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#feb22-12|February 22, 2012: Policing San Francisco: 1930s-1960s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#feb15-12|February 15, 2012: Corporate Personhood?!?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#jan25-12|January 25, 2012: Occupy Everything! An Open Discussion]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#nov16-11|November 16, 2011: The Good, The Bad, and the Alternatives to Mass Education]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:September 21, 2011: Dublin Community Activism Against Drug Addiction&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#may18-11|May 18, 2011: Mission Politics in the 1970s: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Ten Years That Shook the City: San Francisco 1968-78&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr27-11|April 27, 2011: Overcoming Work and Sacrifice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr20-11|April 20, 2011: Radical Approaches to Organizing Work]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar16-11|March 16, 2011: Movements and Political Generations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar9-11|March 9, 2011: The Struggles of the Balkans and Romani in Fact and Fiction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#dec15-10|December 15, 2010: Navigating the Criminal Courts: A Guide for Activists]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#dec8-10|December 8, 2010: Haiti: Gender and Continuity in the Midst of Disaster]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#sep29-10|September 29, 2010: Education Crisis/Radical Responses]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#sep15-10|September 15, 2010: Imprisoned But Unbowed: The Struggles of Incarcerated Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr21-10|April 21, 2010: Ten Years That Shook the City -- Sneak Preview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr14-10|April 14, 2010: U.S. Social Forum, Detroit]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar31-10|March 31, 2010: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Songs To Enemies And Deserts,&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; A Film Screening About Rebellion In Darfur]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#feb10-10|February 10, 2010: Queer workers: Class, Gentrification and Struggle in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#oct21-09|October 21, 2009: Bicycling in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#oct14-09|October 14, 2009: The Politics of &amp;amp;lsquo;Third Space&amp;amp;rsquo; in Global Videos and Installations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#may20-09|May 20, 2009: Anti-systemic Knowledge: Learning from the South]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr22-09|April 22, 2009: Global Commons/Global Enclosures]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr8-09|April 8, 2009: Anti-War Then and Now]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar11-09|March 11, 2009: Local Remanufacturing Our Way out of the Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#jan14-09|January 14, 2009: Hearing the City: Radio in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#dec17-08|December 17, 2008: Lessons and Advice on How to Survive an Economic Meltdown]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#dec10-08|December 10, 2008: Neighborhood Newspapers: Community Journalism in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#oct22-08|October 22, 2008: Worker Cooperative Alternatives to Precariousness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#sep24-08|September 24, 2008: Global Africa: Liberation, Decolonialization, and Diaspora]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#mar12-08|March 12, 2008: Arab San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#feb13-08|February 13, 2008: Community Art Spaces Survive Urban Pressures]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#jan9-08|January 9, 2008: Class and Power in Queer San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#dec12-07|December 12, 2007: News and the Future of Journalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#nov14-07|November 14, 2007: Public Commons vs. Corporate Privatization]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#oct10-07|October 10, 2007: Voting Perspectives]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#mar7-07|March 7, 2007: Learnin&amp;amp;rsquo; + Teachin&amp;amp;rsquo;: The Future of Education  (4 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#jan17-07|January 17, 2007: The Public Health Epidemic in a Therapy Society (3 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:December 13, 2006: Tactical Evolution: Protest Culture, Dissent, and Radical Change&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:October 11, 2006: Bolivar, Zapata and Sandino Ghosts and Revolution in South America&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#mar8-06|March 8, 2006: Infrastructure Wars: Sustainable Movements (3 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Theme]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Talks:_2026_Videos&amp;diff=39148</id>
		<title>Talks: 2026 Videos</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Talks:_2026_Videos&amp;diff=39148"/>
		<updated>2026-06-05T20:52:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Primary Source&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Shaping San Francisco hosts Public Talks on a variety of topics, usually on Wednesday nights, a dozen times a year. Our topic themes vary, but we&#039;ve grouped them over time into these categories: Art &amp;amp; Politics, Ecology, Historical Perspectives, Literary, and Social Movements.&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_jun3-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;June 3, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Rewilding San Francisco&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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World Environment Day with its Global Call for Climate Action is June 5. Restoring nature reduces our climate impact while making our life-places more resilient to climate disruption. Join us for a panel discussion with community stewards caring for and rewilding San Francisco&#039;s public open spaces. Learn about current stewardship work and strategies for helping nature thrive in San Francisco so that San Franciscans can thrive in nature. Tom Radulovich (Livable City), Peter Brastow (SF Dept. of Environment), Sophie Constantinou (Citizen Film and Bernal Cut), and Ildiko Polony (Sutro Stewards).&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_may27-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;May 27, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;AI and Empire Building&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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We bring together several sharp critics of the hype machine that has long characterized the internet and our successive tech booms, currently blowing up in the AI bubble. Lost in the hand wringing over the more exaggerated claims of boosters and doomers is the ongoing reproduction of a colonial seizure of what should be our common wealth. This process has long historic roots and in some ways it is thanks to our amnesiac culture that the current crop of billionaire investors and tech bros have gotten away with doing it all again. Wendy Liu, Alex Hanna, Tamara Kneese, and Elizabeth Travelslight. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/ai-and-empire-building-may-27-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_apr16-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;April 16, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;San Francisco: A Liberal Oligarchy?&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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New tech oligarchs have thrown their money around to shape city politics for the past decade. We now have a billionaire bluejeans heir for mayor. We explore how organized money and corporate power managed to steer San Francisco going back through the post-WWII cold war, the long decline of Catholic morality, and the explosion of social movements and the sexual revolution the city is known for. Join political scientist Lincoln Mitchell, former supervisor and Mayoral candidate Tom Ammiano, and neighborhood activist and writer Romalyn Schmaltz for a spirited romp through the tangled and conflicted histories of the past few decades. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/san-francisco-liberal-oligarchy-april-16-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_mar25-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;March 25, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Re-Imagining Serra&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Chris Cuadrado&#039;s artist activation uses multimedia technology to create an alternative statue emerging from the rubble of what has been torn down. Chris investigates the act of reappropriation to rebuild the memory of Junipero Serra. Based on collected ephemera, photographs, video footage, and sourced miniature replicas related to the statue, a screening and sound sculpture is a meditation on the figure of Padre Junipero Serra. Attendees will be invited to reflect on monuments, legacy, and public space.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Part of Shaping Legacy: San Francisco Monuments &amp;amp; Memorials, a project of San Francisco Arts Commission, with Adriana Camarena, Kim Shuck, and Chris Cuadrado. Thanks to Association of Ramaytush Ohlone for guidance throughout the year.&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/re-imagining-serra-march-25-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_mar11-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;March 11, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;City of Redwood&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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James Michael Buckley’s 2024 &#039;&#039;City of Wood: San Francisco and the Architecture of the Redwood Lumber Industry&#039;&#039; reconnects us to the built environment from San Francisco all the way up to Eureka in the far north of California, past and present. David Schmidt’s brand new majesterial &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039; contains a close look at the historic forests of the Bay Area and how they were cut down to help build the region. Together these speakers will help us see how profoundly the iconic trees of the west coast literally undergird our everyday lives even today. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/city-of-redwood-march-11-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_feb25-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;February 25, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Memory Keeping from Indigenous Perspectives&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Shaping San Francisco’s year-long case study of the Padre Junípero Serra statue included a folklife-based, community-led research process centered on memory-keeping practices. Indigenous community researchers explored everyday practices from their own cultures that carry collective knowledge. The researchers included members of Urban Native communities, Indigenous migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean, and urban youth. Their research invites reflection on how genocide, relocation, and migration continue to erode Indigenous ways of knowing, and how communities continue to protect and hold on to them. The process was facilitated by storyteller Adriana Camarena. Several community researchers will share their findings. The discussion will be presented in Spanish and English.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Part of Shaping Legacy: San Francisco Monuments &amp;amp; Memorials, a project of San Francisco Arts Commission &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/memory-keeping-from-indigenous-perspectives-feb-25-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_feb11-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;February 11, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;The Priest, the Imperialist, and the Sculptor&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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We close a year-long case study of the Padre Junipero Serra statue. Jonathan Cordero (Association of Ramaytush Ohlone)  critically examines the romantic myth that supports the veneration of Serra and reveals the actual calamitous impact of the mission system. Chris Carlsson explains how an unlikely series of events led to the so-called “Mission Revival”, the commissioning of the statue by James Phelan, and giving Serra an undeserved new role in a manufactured public memory. He reveals that the statue&#039;s placement in Golden Gate Park in 1907 in fact bolstered a white supremacist agenda at the dawn of the 20th century. LisaRuth Elliott explores Douglas Tilden, the cosmopolitan sculptor revered in the deaf community, and his many other contributions to the SF civic art collection and beyond. This evening is a chance to talk about the reanimation of a man through a monument, the fraught relationship between a patron of the arts and his protegé, and how these honorific likenesses and what they are supposed to signify become part of our urban space.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Part of Shaping Legacy: San Francisco Monuments &amp;amp; Memorials, a project of San Francisco Arts Commission&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/priest-imperialist-sculptor-feb-11-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[category:1776-1823]] [[category:1823-1846]] [[category:1880s]] [[category:1890s]] [[category:1910s]] [[category:2020s]] [[category:Indigenous]] [[category:racism]] [[category:Power and Money]] [[category:architecture]] [[category:Public Art]] [[category:Filipino]] [[category:Talks]] [[category:Mexican]] [[category:Food]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Ecology]] [[category:Churches]] [[category:Famous characters]] [[category:Technology]] [[category:Schools]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Category:Book_Excerpts&amp;diff=39147</id>
		<title>Category:Book Excerpts</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Category:Book_Excerpts&amp;diff=39147"/>
		<updated>2026-06-02T05:22:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;[[category:Theme]] [[category:Books]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:American-Genocide-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Hastings College of Law Built on Genocide?|Hastings College of Law Built on Genocide?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [http://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300230697/american-genocide &#039;&#039;An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873&#039;&#039;] (Yale University Press: New Haven &amp;amp; London 2016)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:A-Negotiated-Landscape-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[A Waterfront Planned: The 1990s and the New Millennium|A Waterfront Planned: The 1990s and the New Millennium]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[The Embarcadero Reborn|The Embarcadero Reborn]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[The Waterfront Land Use Plan|The Waterfront Land Use Plan]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Problems of Waterfront Planning|Problems of Waterfront Planning]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[A Waterfront for the People?|A Waterfront for the People?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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The pages from this book [http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/N/bo12387078.html &#039;&#039;A Negotiated Landscape&#039;&#039;] © 2011 Jasper Rubin and the Center for American Places at Columbia College Chicago, are excerpted with permission.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:BART-cover-RGB-onlineuse.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Originally published in [https://heydaybooks.com/catalog/bart-the-dramatic-history-of-the-bay-area-rapid-transit-system/ &#039;&#039;BART: The Dramatic History of the Bay Area Rapid Transit System&#039;&#039; Heyday Books]: Berkeley CA, 2016&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Key System and March of Progress|Key System and March of Progress]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit Commission—The Beginnings|San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit Commission—The Beginnings]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Planning and Selling BART|Planning and Selling BART]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Building San Francisco&#039;s BART tunnels|Building San Francisco&#039;s BART tunnels]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Bump-city-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Bump City&#039;&#039; by John Krich (City Miner Books, Berkeley CA: 1979); &lt;br /&gt;
Originally a chapter in &#039;&#039;Bump City&#039;&#039; called “Captain Sal and the Age of Irony” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Incredible Bottom of the Ninth Comeback! The Oakland A’s Win Game 5 of the 1972 World Series|Incredible Bottom of the Ninth Comeback! The Oakland A’s Win Game 5 of the 1972 World Series]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Front-cover-web-resolution-72-dpi.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Chinatown Vice|Chinatown Vice]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[The Golden Dragon Restaurant Massacre|The Golden Dragon Restaurant Massacre]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[The Six Companies|The Six Companies]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;By Kevin J. Mullen, excerpted with permission from &amp;quot;Chinatown Squad&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Issel Church and State sm.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;From pages 1-6, the Introduction to [http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/2257_reg.html &#039;&#039;&#039;Church and State in the City: Catholics and Politics in Twentieth-Century San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;] by William Issel. Used by permission of Temple University Press. © 2013 by Temple University. All Rights Reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Catholic San Francisco: A City of Contests|Catholic San Francisco: A City of Contests]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:CGC-cover.jpg|200px|]] &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [http://bloomsbury.com/us/cool-gray-city-of-love-9781608199600/ Bloomsbury], from the book “Cool Gray City of Love” available here: [http://www.indiebound.org/book/9781608199600 IndieBound], [http://www.citylights.com/book/?GCOI=87286100740730 City Lights], [http://www.amazon.com/Cool-Gray-City-Love-Francisco/dp/1608199606/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1386633018&amp;amp;sr=1-1&amp;amp;keywords=cool+gray+city+of+love+49+views+of+san+francisco Amazon], and [http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/cool-gray-city-of-love-gary-kamiya/1114764186?ean=9781608199600 B&amp;amp;N].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Searching for the Yelamu in San Francisco|Searching for the Yelamu in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Western Addition: A Basic History|Western Addition: A Basic History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Copaganda-cover-288px.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Copyright © 2025 by Alec Karakatsanis. This excerpt originally appeared in [https://thenewpress.org/books/copaganda/ &#039;&#039;Copaganda: How Police and the Media Manipulate Our News&#039;&#039;], published by The New Press. Reprinted here with permission.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Copaganda: The Recall of DA Chesa Boudin|Copaganda: The Recall of DA Chesa Boudin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:labor1$waitresses$dishout_itm$dish-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/86dnq7dp9780252061868.html &#039;&#039;Dishing It Out: Waitresses and Their Unions in the Twentieth Century&#039;&#039;], by Dorothy Sue Cobble (1991: University of Illinois Press: Urbana and Chicago&lt;br /&gt;
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[[WAITRESSES and UNIONS The Fruits of Solidarity|WAITRESSES and UNIONS The Fruits of Solidarity]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Paulson cover 200px.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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Excerpted from &#039;&#039;Forty Years of Making ‘Good Trouble’—The Selected Writings of a San Francisco Labor Leader&#039;&#039; © Tim Paulson, 2021&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First published in the U.S. by Senders Communications Group, 16501 Ventura Blvd. #400, Encino, CA 91436&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Labor and the San Francisco Universal Health Care Security Ordinance|Labor and the San Francisco Universal Health Care Security Ordinance]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco is Beautiful, Difficult — but still a Union City|San Francisco is Beautiful, Difficult — but still a Union City]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[SF Labor Council Helps Cruise Line Workers|SF Labor Council Helps Cruise Line Workers]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Free-City-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Originally published as the Epilogue in &#039;&#039;[https://pmpress.org/index.php?l=product_detail&amp;amp;p=1141 Free City! The Fight for San Francisco&#039;s City College and Education for All]&#039;&#039; by PM Press, 2021&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[City College of SF: One Struggle Sets the Table for the Next|City College of SF: One Struggle Sets the Table for the Next]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;The following pages are not excerpted directly from this book, but are earlier versions that ended up after further revisions as chapters.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Education ‘Reform’ Meets Gentrification in San Francisco at City College|Education ‘Reform’ Meets Gentrification in San Francisco at City College]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[City College Faculty Fights for Fairness|City College Faculty Fights for Fairness]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Development Pressure Engulfs City College|Development Pressure Engulfs City College]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Gods-hotel-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;from [http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/306891/gods-hotel-by-victoria-sweet/9781594486548 &#039;&#039;God&#039;s Hotel: A Doctor, A Hospital, and a Pilgrimage to the Heart of Medicine&#039;&#039;] by Victoria Sweet, copyright © 2012 by Victoria Sweet. Used by permission of Riverhead, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Laguna Honda Hospital|Laguna Honda Hospital]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Front cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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Excerpted from &#039;&#039;[https://www.amazon.com/God-Squad-Born-Again-Francisco-Giants/dp/1631322079/ The God Squad: The Born-Again San Francisco Giants of 1978].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BOO! The Giants&#039; Johnnie LeMaster|BOO! The Giants&#039; Johnnie LeMaster]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Dave Dravecky&#039;s Miraculous Comeback|Dave Dravecky&#039;s Miraculous Comeback]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[The God Squad|The God Squad]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Jack Clark&#039;s Revenge on the Dodgers|Jack Clark&#039;s Revenge on the Dodgers]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Mike Ivie: The Miracle Man|Mike Ivie: The Miracle Man]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Baranski-Housing-City-by-the-Bay-Cover-288px.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted from [https://www.sup.org/books/history/housing-city-bay &#039;&#039;Housing the City by the Bay: Tenant Activism, Civil Rights, and Class Politics in San Francisco&#039;&#039;] by John Baranski, published by Stanford University Press. Used by permission. © Copyright 2019 by John Baranski. All rights reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Post-1906 Quake Housing Reform|Post-1906 Quake Housing Reform]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Burnham Plan and Tenement Housing|Burnham Plan and Tenement Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco Housing Association|San Francisco Housing Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[California Commission of Immigration and Housing|California Commission of Immigration and Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[World War I Housing Reform Effort|World War I Housing Reform Effort]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Segregated and Substandard Housing in the 1920s|Segregated and Substandard Housing in the 1920s]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Housing Crisis Worsens at Start of Depression|Housing Crisis Worsens at Start of Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Chinatown Tenants Win Public Housing Rent Strike|Chinatown Tenants Win Public Housing Rent Strike]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco Housing Authority and Mayor Moscone|San Francisco Housing Authority and Mayor Moscone]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco Housing Authority Tries to Buy I-Hotel|San Francisco Housing Authority Tries to Buy I-Hotel]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco Housing Authority and CANE|San Francisco Housing Authority and CANE]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority in the 1970s|San Francisco Housing Authority in the 1970s]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Neoliberalism Dismantles Public Housing|Neoliberalism Dismantles Public Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SF Housing Authority Copes With Neoliberalism|SF Housing Authority Copes With Neoliberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Homelessness Surges in Wake of Neoliberalism|Homelessness Surges in Wake of Neoliberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Pink Palace Controversy|Pink Palace Controversy]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Public Housing Tenant Movement Fractures|Public Housing Tenant Movement Fractures]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Safety Net Torn Up by Government|Safety Net Torn Up by Government]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Industrial-Cowboys-cover.jpg|200px|]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;This excerpt from [https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520245341/industrial-cowboys &#039;&#039;Industrial Cowboys Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Transformation of the Far West, 1850-1920&#039;&#039;] is used with permission. © David Igler, University of California Press: 2001&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Dirty Plate Route|Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Dirty Plate Route]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Latinos-at-the-golden-gate-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;excerpted from &#039;&#039;&#039;[http://www.uncpress.unc.edu/browse/book_detail?title_id=3444 Latinos at the Golden Gate: Creating Community and Identity in San Francisco]&#039;&#039;&#039;, by Tomás F. Summers Sandoval Jr., Copyright © 2013 by the [http://www.uncpress.unc.edu University of North Carolina Press]. Used by permission  of the publisher.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Midcentury Migrations|Midcentury Migrations]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Tributary to San Francisco|Tributary to San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Lee-Felsenstein-book-cover 200px.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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Excerpted with permission from: &#039;&#039;Me and My Big Ideas: Counterculture, Social Media, and the Future&#039;&#039; by Lee Felsenstein published by [https://www.FelsenSigns.com FelsenSigns]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Free Speech Movement 1964|Free Speech Movement 1964]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Working at Ampex|Working at Ampex]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Berkeley Barb and People&#039;s Park|Berkeley Barb and People&#039;s Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Founding of Ohlone Park|Founding of Ohlone Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Resource One|Resource One]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Installing a Mainframe at Project One|Installing a Mainframe at Project One]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Community Memory: The Beginning|Community Memory: The Beginning]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Community Memory Evolves|Community Memory Evolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Homebrew Computer Club|Homebrew Computer Club]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Reflections on the End of Community Memory|Reflections on the End of Community Memory]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Craigslist|Craigslist]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Karl-book-2258 reg.gif]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Mission Anti-Displacement Coalition|Mission Anti-Displacement Coalition]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Rezoning the Eastern Neighborhoods in Early 2000s|Rezoning the Eastern Neighborhoods in Early 2000s]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpts from [http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/2258_reg.html &#039;&#039;&#039;Local Protest, Global Movements: Capital, Community, and State In San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;] by Karl Beitel. Used by permission of Temple University Press. © 2013 by Temple University. All Rights Reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Berglund-Making-San-Francisco-American-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Exerpts from [https://kuecprd.ku.edu/~upress/cgi-bin/award-winners/978-0-7006-1722-7.html &#039;&#039;Making San Francisco American: Cultural Frontiers in the Urban West, 1846-1906&#039;&#039;] by Barbara Berglund (University Press of Kansas: Lawrence KS 2007)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: An Orientalist Exposition|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: An Orientalist Exposition]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: ’49 Mining Camp glorifies Gold Rush Fantasies|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: ’49 Mining Camp glorifies Gold Rush Fantasies]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Women’s Work and Vice|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Women’s Work and Vice]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Depression and Poverty|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Depression and Poverty]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Medicine of Memoroy 9780292752672.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [https://utpress.utexas.edu/9780292752672/the-medicine-of-memory/| &#039;&#039;The Medicine of Memory&#039;&#039;] by Alejandro Murguía, published by the University of Texas Press, 2002.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The &amp;quot;Good Old Mission Days&amp;quot; Never Existed!|The &amp;quot;Good Old Mission Days&amp;quot; Never Existed!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Mission-High-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from &#039;&#039;Mission High: One School, How Experts Tried to Fail It, and the Students and Teachers Who Made It Triumph&#039;&#039;, [https://www.boldtypebooks.com/titles/kristina-rizga/mission-high/9781568584621/ Bold Type Books]: 2015&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mission High School’s Innovative Anti-Racist Teaching|Mission High School’s Innovative Anti-Racist Teaching]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Desegregating San Francisco Public Schools in the 1960s|Desegregating San Francisco Public Schools in the 1960s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:More Than Shelter cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco Housing Authority 1937-1965: The Early Decades|San Francisco Housing Authority 1937-1965: The Early Decades]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from [https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/more-than-shelter &#039;&#039;More than Shelter: Activism and Community in San Francisco Public Housing&#039;&#039;] by Amy L. Howard. Used by permission of the University of Minnesota Press. © Copyright 2014 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Neon-Girls-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Strip-Club Business: A Brief History|Strip-Club Business: A Brief History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by Jennifer Worley, excerpted from [https://www.harpercollins.com/products/neon-girls-jennifer-worley?variant=32206140571682 &#039;&#039;Neon Girls: A Stripper&#039;s Education in Protest and Power&#039;&#039;] HarperCollins Books: 2020,&#039;&#039; a first-hand account of the epic union organizing campaign at the Lusty Lady Club in North Beach.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nanette-Jordan-Book-Cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Originally published in [https://www.amazon.com/Painting-Paintings-gilded-memoir-Revised/dp/B09TRLHBR2/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=&amp;amp;sr= &#039;&#039;Painting on Paintings: A Gilded Memoir&#039;&#039;], &#039;&#039;2022. Excerpted with Nanette Jordan&#039;s permission. &#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Sutro Baths Eerie Ice Rink|Sutro Baths Eerie Ice Rink]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Playland is a Nightmare|Playland is a Nightmare]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;schmidt&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|200px]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Abalone Boom and Bust|Abalone Boom and Bust]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bay Area Military Bases|Bay Area Military Bases]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Borax King and Key System in East Bay|Borax King and Key System in East Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chinese Shrimp Camps Along The Bay|Chinese Shrimp Camps Along The Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[David Hewes and His Steam Paddy Works|David Hewes and His Steam Paddy Works]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Edgar and Peggy Wayburn, Phillip Burton Saved Vast Lands|Edgar and Peggy Wayburn, Phillip Burton Saved Vast Lands]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Filling The Bay Along San Francisco’s Southern Waterfront|Filling The Bay Along San Francisco’s Southern Waterfront]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mercury Mining|Mercury Mining]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution|Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Restoring Natural Areas in San Francisco|Restoring Natural Areas in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston|Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco&#039;s Drinking Water|San Francisco&#039;s Drinking Water]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco&#039;s Garbage: From Mission Bay to Altamont|San Francisco&#039;s Garbage: From Mission Bay to Altamont]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s|San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Saving Richardson Bay; Harold Gilliam Sounds the Alarm 1955-58|Saving Richardson Bay; Harold Gilliam Sounds the Alarm 1955-58]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[When Crab Was King at Fisherman’s Wharf|When Crab Was King at Fisherman’s Wharf]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Secret-Ugly-full-cover 6-inches.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from &#039;&#039;The Secret Ugly: The Hidden History of US Germ War in Korea&#039;&#039; by Thomas Powell, [mailto:edgewatereditions@gmail.com Edgewater Editions]: 2023.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[War in Korea|War in Korea]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Powell/Schuman Sedition Trial|Powell/Schuman Sedition Trial]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bill Powell Exposes Post-WWII US-Japan Germ War Deal|Bill Powell Exposes Post-WWII US-Japan Germ War Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Growing Up ‘Red’ in 1950s San Francisco|Growing Up ‘Red’ in 1950s San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Sixth-star-cover-72-dpi-4x5.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sixth Star book cover&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Sixth Star|The Sixth Star]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Women&#039;s Suffrage 1870|Women&#039;s Suffrage 1870]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ellen Clark Sargent|Ellen Clark Sargent]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Emily Pitts Stevens|Emily Pitts Stevens]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Women’s Co-operative Printing Union|Women’s Co-operative Printing Union]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[West Coast Women&#039;s Congress Association|West Coast Women&#039;s Congress Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Suffragettes Gather|Suffragettes Gather]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Sarah B. Cooper|Sarah B. Cooper]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Bifurcated Skirt|The Bifurcated Skirt]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[First California Women in Law|First California Women in Law]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Nellie Holbrook Blinn|Nellie Holbrook Blinn]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Elizabeth Lowe Watson|Elizabeth Lowe Watson]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Championing the Working Woman|Championing the Working Woman]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Coyote sleeping-where-I-fall-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from &amp;quot;Sleeping Where I Fall&amp;quot; by [http://www.petercoyote.com/sleeping.html Peter Coyote], published by Counterpoint, Washington, D.C., 1998&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Digger Concept of &#039;Free&#039;|The Digger Concept of &#039;Free&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Street fight 9781613762608.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Second Freeway Revolt|Second Freeway Revolt]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Conservative Fight to Save Central Freeway|Conservative Fight to Save Central Freeway]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dueling Ballots: The Central Freeway’s Fate|Dueling Ballots: The Central Freeway’s Fate]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These articles are excerpted, with permission, from Henderson&#039;s book [http://www.umass.edu/umpress/title/street-fight &#039;&#039;Street Fight: The Politics of Mobility in San Francisco&#039;&#039;], © 2013&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Streetopia cover 9780692424285.jpg|200px|left]] &#039;&#039;Excerpts from [https://www.ericadawnlyle.info/streetopiabook &#039;&#039;Streetopia&#039;&#039;], in the essay &amp;quot;The Uses of Market Street&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Redevelopment vs. Ecotopia|Redevelopment vs. Ecotopia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Singularity?|San Francisco Singularity?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Uses of Market Street|Uses of Market Street]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Problem with Parklets|Problem with Parklets]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Roxanas Children book cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Yankee Women|Yankee Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from &#039;&#039;Roxana&#039;s Children: The Biography of a Nineteenth-Century Vermont Family&#039;&#039; by Lynn A. Bonfield and Mary C. Morrison (Amherst: © 1995, University of Massachusetts Press)&#039;&#039;.&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Category:Talks&amp;diff=39146</id>
		<title>Category:Talks</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Category:Talks&amp;diff=39146"/>
		<updated>2026-05-29T20:21:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: /* Social Movements */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Shaping San Francisco hosts Public Talks on a variety of topics on Wednesday nights, 10–18 times a year. Our topic themes vary, but we&#039;ve grouped them over time into the categories listed below. These Public Talks have been archived in audio and since 2014 in video. Browse our offerings, and catch up on almost two decades of public discussions. Find them also at the Shaping San Francisco collection on the [https://archive.org/details/shaping_sf Internet Archive], and embedded in archival pages at [http://shapingsf.org/public-talks/index.html shapingsf.org]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Unlinked Talks mean there is no audio or video available.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#art|Art &amp;amp; Politics]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#ecology|Ecology]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#history|Historical Perspectives]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#lit|Literary]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#social|Social Movements]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;art&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Art &amp;amp; Politics&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks:  Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2024- &amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_mar25-26|March 25, 2026: Chris &amp;quot;L7&amp;quot; Cuadrado—Re-Imagining Serra]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_oct1-25|October 1, 2025: Eric Drooker—&#039;&#039;Naked City&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_sep25-24|September 25, 2024: Will Maynez Interprets Diego Rivera]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_may8-24|May 8, 2024: Hughen/Starkweather]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks:_Art_%26_Politics_/_2015-2020|Public Talks:  Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020]] &amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics_/_2015-2020-#feb26-20|February 26, 2020: Miranda Bergman]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics_/_2015-2020#sep11-19|September 11, 2019: San Francisco Poster Syndicate]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-20209#apr3-19|April 3, 2019: Chris &amp;quot;L7&amp;quot; Cuadrado]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb13-19|February 13, 2019: Seth Eisen/OUT of Site]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#nov28-18|November 28, 2018: Public Art and Murals: Controversy, Neglect, Restoration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#may2-18|May 2, 2018: Kal Spelletich--Do Androids Dream of Surplus Value?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#apr4-18|April 4, 2018: Insurgent Country Music and its Roots in the Golden State]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#mar14-18|March 14, 2018: Ilana Crispi: Tenderloin and Mission Dirt]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb28-18|February 28, 2018: Lou Dematteis]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#nov8-17|November 8, 2017: Seth Eisen &amp;quot;OUT of Site&amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#jun7-17|June 7, 2017: Kent Minault&#039;s &amp;amp;quot;Diggerly-Do&#039;s&amp;amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#jan25-17|January 25, 2017: Packard Jennings]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#sep28-16|September 28, 2016: Jenny Odell, Art as Archiving, Archiving as Art]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb24-16|February 24, 2016: Mauro Ffortissimo with Dean Mermell]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#nov4-15|November 4, 2015: Guillermo Gomez-Peña]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#sep30-15|September 30, 2015: Nato Green]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#mar4-15|March 4, 2015: Sirron Norris]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb11-15|February 11, 2015: Rene Yañez]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014|Public Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#nov12-14|November 12, 2014: Janet Delaney]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#apr30-14|April 30, 2014: Yolanda Lopez]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#mar26-14|March 26, 2014: Norman Nawrocki — Cazzarola!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#jan22-14|January 22, 2014: Songs of Freedom celebration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#apr24-13|April 24, 2013: Rebar]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#nov7-12|November 7, 2012: Clarion Alley Mural Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#may16-12|May 16, 2012: Amy Franceschini]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#may9-12|May 9, 2012: Rock, Posters, and Politics!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#apr18-12|April 18, 2012: &amp;quot;Reel Hood Heroes&amp;quot;: Conscious Youth Media Crew]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#mar21-12|March 21, 2012: Jess Curtis: Body of Work]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:October 19, 2011: An Open Rehearsal of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Trial of Lucullus&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#may25-11|May 25, 2011: Lost Murals, Political Posters, Underground Comix: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Ten Years That Shook the City: San Francisco 1968-78&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#feb9-11|February 9, 2011: Eric Drooker and HOWL]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010|Public Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#oct27-10|October 27, 2010: A Staged Reading of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Money,&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; a WPA Comedy from 1937]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep22-10|September 22, 2010: RIGO]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#may19-10|May 19, 2010: History of San Francisco&#039;s Carnaval]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#mar10-10|March 10, 2010: Socially Engaged Printmaking Today]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#feb17-10|February 17, 2010: Melanie Cervantes and Jesus Barraza]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#jan20-10|January 20, 2010: Patricia Rodriguez]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#dec9-09|December 9, 2009: Keith Hennessy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#nov18-09|November 18, 2009: Philippines: Immigration Politics and the Body]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep23-09|September 23, 2009: From India to the Bay Area: Culture and Economy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep16-09|September 16, 2009: Conscious Youth Media Crew]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#may27-09|May 27, 2009: Susan Greene]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#apr15-09|April 15, 2009: Russell Howze]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#mar18-09|March 18, 2009: Jet Martinez]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#feb18-09|February 18, 2009: Doug Minkler]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#oct8-08|October 8, 2008: San Francisco Print Collective]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:September 10, 2008: Art as Intervention&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#mar19-08|March 19, 2008: Favianna Rodriguez]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#feb20-08|February 20, 2008: Eric Drooker]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#jan16-08|January 16, 2008: Andrew Schoultz]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#oct17-07|October 17, 2007: Hugh D&amp;amp;rsquo;Andrade]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep19-07|September 19, 2007: Mona Caron]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:September 12, 2007: Grant Funding for the Arts in San Francisco: A Discussion&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;ecology&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Ecology&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Ecology / 2026&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_mar11-26|March 11, 2026: City of Redwood]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Ecology / 2024-2025&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_mar26-25|March 26, 2025: Biospheric Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_mar26-24|March 26, 2024: Cultivating Food Resilience and Combating Global Challenges]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Ecology / 2020-2023&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_dec2-23|December 2, 2023: Thinkwalk—1862 Flood]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep30-23|September 30, 2023: Natural Areas II Bike Tour: Golden Gate Park to Lobos Valley]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep23-23|September 23, 2023: Frisco Bay Mussel Group: A Look Back]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep22-23|September 22, 2023: San Francisco Natural History with Greg Gaar]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_apr23-23|April 23, 2023: Special Anniversary Bike Tour: Natural Areas and Native Plants]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_mar18-23|March 18, 2023: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Journey to the Highest Peak: Mt. Davidson]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_nov5-22|November 5, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—China Beach to Mountain Lake]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_oct15-22|October 15, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Tunnel Tops to Francisco Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_sep24-22|September 24, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Chain of Lakes, Golden Gate Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_apr9-22|April 9, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—San Bruno Mountain]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_mar26-22|March 26, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Fort Funston to Pine Lake]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_jan29-22|January 29, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Visitacion Valley and Little Hollywood]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_nov6-21|November 6, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Glen Canyon and Sutro Forest]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_oct9-21|October 9, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Bayview Hill and Candlestick Point State Recreation Area]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_aug28-21|August 28, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Grandview Peak and Golden Gate Heights]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_jun26-21|June 26, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Dogpatch, Warm Water Cove, Shipyards and Crane Cove Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_apr10-21|April 10, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Presidio: Crissy Field to El Polín Spring]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2020 Videos#v_dec13-20|December 13, 2020: King Tide/Sea Level Rise Mission Bay Virtual Walking Tour]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2020 Videos#v_sep19-20|September 19, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—India Basin and Heron&#039;s Head Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019|Public Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#sep25-19|September 25, 2019: Neighborhood Corridors: Memory and Ecology]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#may22-19|May 22, 2019: Local Ecological Justice and Urbanity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#mar27-19|March 27, 2019: Sea Level Rise: Pacific Ocean and the Bay Area]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#mar28-18|March 28, 2018: Saving the Bay from the &amp;quot;Future&amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#mar7-18|March 7, 2018: Resilient by Design: The Language of Water]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#feb7-18|February 7, 2018: Building a Deep Map--Beyond Buildings and Views]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017|Public Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#sep27-17|September 27, 2017: Other Food Systems Are Possible]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may10-17|May 10, 2017: From the Delta to the Bayshore: Adaptation Infrastructure and Rising Seas]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#feb8-17|February 8, 2017: Citizen Science/Extinction Culture]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#nov30-16|November 30, 2016: Unseen City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may11-16|May 11, 2016: What’s Going Right with the Global Environment!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#apr27-16|April 27, 2016: Oil, Soil, and (Climate) Turmoil]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#apr13-16|April 13, 2016: Synthetic Biology: DIY Tinkering Meets Big Capital]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#dec2-15|December 2, 2015: Tending the Urban Wild]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may13-15|May 13, 2015: Plumbing California: Past, Present, and Future]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may6-15|May 6, 2015: Rewilding and the Anthropocene]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#apr22-15|April 22, 2015: Telling Stories with Bricks]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#feb4-15|February 4, 2015: San Francisco’s Wild Menu: Flora, Fauna, Feast]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014|Public Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#nov5-14|November 5, 2014: Trees and History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#sep10-14|September 10, 2014: The Evolving Eastern Shoreline]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may14-14|May 14, 2014: Political Economy of Bees]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may7-14|May 7, 2014: Dogs, Density, and Natural Areas]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#apr9-14|April 9, 2014: Urban Farming and Urban Nature: Are We Competing or Cooperating?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#mar12-14|March 12, 2014: Saltworks and Shorelines: a Visual and Social History of the San Francisco Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#feb26-14|February 26, 2014: Design Radicals: Berkeley 1960s and Today]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#feb5-14|February 5, 2014: Becoming a Biodiversity City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#oct30-13|October 30, 2013: Liberation Biology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may22-13|May 22, 2013: Talking About Ecology and Science in Public]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#mar27-13|March 27, 2013: Designing Resilient Landscapes: What history teaches us about San Francisco and the Bay-Delta Estuary]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#jan16-13|January 16, 2013: The Tigers of Market Street: Butterfly Habitat along a Busy Urban Corridor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#dec5-12|December 5, 2012: Planning 4th Street: Remaking a San Francisco Corridor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#aug28-12|August 28, 2012: The Next Step in Sustainability]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may23-12|May 23, 2012: What Are Our Streets For?]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011|Public Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#nov9-11|November 9, 2011: In Search of San Francisco&#039;s Eradicated Landscapes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#oct26-11|October 26, 2011: Urban Homesteading]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#sep28-11|September 28, 2011: Did Laguna Dolores Exist?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#sep14-11|September 14, 2011: Endangered Species Campaigning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#jun8-11|June 8, 2011: Ecology and Food of the 1970s: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Ten Years That Shook the City: San Francisco 1968-78&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#mar30-11|March 30, 2011: Reciprocal Bio-Regional Culture from the Bay Area to the Sierras]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:February 23, 2011: Underground Food Politics&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#feb16-11|February 16, 2011: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Vanished Waters&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;: A History of San Francisco&#039;s Mission Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#jan26-11|January 26, 2011: Environmental History of Golden Gate Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#nov17-10|November 17, 2010: Watersheds from California to Mexico]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#nov10-10|November 10, 2010: Eco-Politics, a Strategic Roundtable]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#may26-10|May 26, 2010: Twin Peaks Bioregional Park: A Conservation Strategy for the Heart of San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 12, 2010: Circle the Food Wagons!—Local Food Economies&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#feb24-10|February 24, 2010: San Francisco Golf Courses, Parks, Natural Areas]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#jan27-10|January 27, 2010: Urban Forest]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009|Public Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;October 28, 2009: Climate Change/Climate Justice&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#sep30-09|September 30, 2009: Ecology and Redevelopment in Bayview/Hunter&#039;s Point ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#may13-09|May 13, 2009: Can Capitalism really &amp;amp;ldquo;Go Green?&amp;amp;rdquo;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#apr29-09|April 29, 2009: Permacultural Transformation for the Urban Dweller]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#mar25-09|March 25, 2009: Toxic San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#feb25-09|February 25, 2009: Bees in the City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#jan29-09|January 28, 2009: Lake Merced Natural Area&#039;s Future]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:November 19, 2008: Green Streets: Redesigning San Francisco One Block at a Time&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#oct29-08|October 29, 2008: Candlestick Point: State Park for the People]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:February 27, 2008: San Francisco&#039;s Imperiled and Surviving Birds&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#jan30-08|January 30, 2008: Endangered Species Big Year]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007|Public Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#nov28-07|November 28, 2007: Food Security &amp;amp;amp; Urban Agriculture]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#oct24-07|October 24, 2007: New Politics for Green Cities]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#sep26-07|September 26, 2007: San Francisco Water Sources]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 30, 2007: San Francisco Ecology: Butterflies in the City&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 2, 2007: Immigration, Work, and Agriculture: From Enclosures to Fast-Food&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:April 25, 2007: The National Park Where We Live&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#feb28-07|February 28, 2007:  Laying a Foundation for a Green City (3 podcasts) ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:January 31, 2007: Grassroots Activism to Save San Bruno Mountain&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:November 29, 2006: Native Habitat Restoration: Frogs in San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:October 25, 2006: Recycling Activism: Trash and Toxics &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:September 27, 2006: Activism in and for the San Francisco Bay Ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#may31-06|May 31, 2006 : Can San Francisco Feed Itself? (3 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 10, 2006: San Francisco&#039;s Food Revolt&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#apr26-06|April 26, 2006: Reclaiming Bay Area Military Bases (2 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#mar29-06|March 29, 2006: Natural Disasters and Community Response (4 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:February 22, 2006: Nature in the Urban Environment&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 25, 2006: Natural Areas of San Francisco: a Pre-Urban View&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;history&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Historical Perspectives&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2026-&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_apr16-26|April 16, 2026: San Francisco: A Liberal Oligarchy?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_feb25-26|February 25, 2026: Memory Keeping from Indigenous Perspectives]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_feb11-26|February 11, 2026: The Priest, the Imperialist, and the Sculptor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2021-2025&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_dec10-25|December 10, 2025: Radiation in our Midst]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_nov19-25|November 19, 2025: Logistics, Containers, Seafarers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_nov5-25|November 5, 2025: Auto Row to Robo-cars: A Century of Protesting Carmageddon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_may14-25|May 14, 2025: HUAC and the New McCarthyism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_apr16-25|April 16, 2025: Explosivity: Port Chicago &amp;amp; Beyond]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_oct16-24|October 16, 2024: Rebel Airwaves: Looking back at 75 years of KPFA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_oct9-24|October 9, 2024: The First Post-Pandemic Political Era: After WWI]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_sep25-24|September 25, 2024: Will Maynez Interprets Diego Rivera]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_sep11-24|September 11, 2024: Muni Labor, Muni Love]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_apr24-24|April 24, 2024: History of Monopoly (the game)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_apr10-24|April 10, 2024: Life and Death in a Great American City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_dec5-23|December 15, 2023: Talking History with Gary Kamiya]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_nov15-23|November 15, 2023: Living in the Archives]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_nov8-23|November 8, 2023: Peoples History of SFO]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_oct28-23|October 28, 2023: Lone Mountain Cemeteries]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_oct24-23|October 24, 2023: Mountain View Cemetery]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep27-23|September 27, 2023: Trains into the Outside Lands]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_aug26-23|August 26, 2023: Bicycle Messenger Crackdown Commemoration Ride]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_jun14-23|June 14, 2023: San Francisco and the New Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_may20-23|May 20, 2023: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Food and Baseball in SOMA and the Mission]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_mar26-23|March 26, 2023: Tour of the Oakland Tribune Tower]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_jan28-23|January 28, 2023: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Bernal Cut to Diamond Heights]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_nov19-22|November 19, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Pacific Heights and Cow Hollow]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_sep18-21|September 18 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Eureka Valley and Corbett Heights]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_mar6-21|March 6 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Bernal Heights and the Bernal Cut]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Spring 2020 Videos#v_nov14-20|November 14, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—McLaren Park and Philosophers&#039; Way]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Spring 2020 Videos#v_sep26-20|September 26, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Fort Mason and Black Point]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;August 29, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—SF General Hospital and Potrero Hill &#039;&#039;No recording available&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#mar11-20|March 11, 2020: &#039;&#039;Hidden San Francisco&#039;&#039;: Book Release and Birthday Party]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#dec11-19|December 11, 2019: Valencia Street as a Lesbian Corridor: Living Memories]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#nov13-19|November 13, 2019: Progress to Poverty: Land and Rents]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#nov6-19|November 6, 2019: Alcatraz Occupation: A Beginning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#oct23-19|October 23, 2019: Shellmounds, Indigenous Culture, and Ecology on the San Francisco Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#oct2-19|October 2, 2019: Storytelling and the Memory Keepers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#may29-19|May 29, 2019: Americans in the Spanish Civil War]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#apr10-19|April 10, 2019: Neighborhood Newspapers of San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#feb6-19|February 6, 2019: Internment and its Aftermath]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#jan23-19|January 23, 2019: Before San Francisco: Spanish and Mexican Peninsula]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#nov7-18|November 7, 2018: The War to End All Wars]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct31-18|October 31, 2018: The Jazz of Modern Basketball: &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Racism and Virtuosity at the Roots of the Golden State Warriors]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct10-18|October 10, 2018: Missing Pieces: Remembering Elements of a Gone City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#sep26-18|September 26, 2018: Model SF: Collectively Shaping the City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#may23-18|May 23, 2018: Archives and Memory: New Ways of Making History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#may9-18|May 9, 2018: Platform Cooperatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#apr25-18|April 25, 2018: Universal Basic Income, Is It time?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#jan24-18|January 24, 2018: Dogpatch Then and Now]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#dec6-17|December 6, 2017: Popular Front to Cold War]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct11-17|October 11, 2017: Speeding Through the Unseen, From Coding to Commons]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct4-17|October 4, 2017: Art and Architecture During the Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#may3-17|May 3, 2017: Agents of Change: California Labor History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#feb22-17|February 22, 2017: Progressive Transgressions]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#dec7-16|December 7, 2016: Divided We Fall: Immigration and Scapegoating]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#nov9-16|November 9, 2016: The Housing Crisis and The Growth Consensus: What&#039;s Wrong with this Picture?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#oct5-16|October 5, 2016: 19th Century California Indian Slavery and Genocide]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#may25-16|May 25, 2016: Audible Cities]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#apr20-16|April 20, 2016: San Francisco, 1960s &amp;amp; 70s: Cultural Ecology and Experimentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#mar16-16|March 16, 2016: Street Names, Streetcars, and Street Life]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#mar9-16|March 9, 2016: Rise and Fall of Third Worldism]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#feb10-16|February 10, 2016: New (Old) Paradigms in Medicine]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#jan27-16|January 27, 2016: Easter Rebellion and Irish San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#dec9-15|December 9, 2015: United Nations and New Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#oct7-15|October 7, 2015: Archaeology Finds…Daily Family Life in Early SF Settlements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#apr8-15|April 8, 2015: The Tenderloin: SF’s Most Fraught Neighborhood]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#feb24-15|February 24, 2015: Promises of Progress: Panama-Pacific International Exposition]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#jan21-15|January 21, 2015: Washed Away—Newfound Extreme Weather History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#oct9-14|October 9, 2014: Making History by Making Maps]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#sep24-14|September 24, 2014: No Future at College?!?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#may28-14|May 28, 2014: San Francisco&#039;s Ghadar Party Heritage]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#apr16-14|April 16, 2014: Upton Sinclair/End Poverty in California]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#mar19-14|March 19, 2014: Stop, Thief! The Commons, Enclosures, and Resistance]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#jan15-14|January 15, 2014: Latinos at the Golden Gate: Creating Community &amp;amp; Identity in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#oct9-13|October 9, 2013: Bay Area Indigenous Pre-History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#sep25-13|September 25, 2013: Radical Archiving and Cataloging as Social History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#sep11-13|September 11, 2013: The Bay Bridge, 1936-2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#apr13-13|April 13, 2013: Chinese Whispers]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#feb27-13|February 27, 2013: Pier 70, Transforming 19th Century Ironworks to a 21st Century ... ?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#jan30-13|January 30, 2013: Catastrophism: The Apocalyptic Politics of Collapse and Rebirth]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#dec12-12|December 12, 2012: Old City Hall: Corruption &amp;amp;amp; Racism in 19th Century San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jul17-12|July 17, 2012: Bristol Radical History Group “History From Below”]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#may30-12|May 30, 2012: FoundSF: Dissent]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#may2-12|May 2, 2012: Mat Callahan presents the &amp;quot;James Connolly--Songs of Freedom&amp;quot; project]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#apr25-12|April 25, 2012: Radically Gay: Harry Hay, LGBT pioneer]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jan18-12|January 18, 2012: The Vietnam War Continues]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#dec14-11|December 14, 2011: Centennial Anniversary! Women Get the Vote!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#nov30-11|November 30, 2011: The History of the Future]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#oct12-11|October 12, 2011: Reimagining Market Street]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:May 11, 2011: A Virtual Civil Liberties Tour of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jan19-11|January 19, 2011: Before (and After) the Car: San Francisco&#039;s Transit History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 12, 2011: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes of Detroit&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jan13-10|January 13, 2010: Prohibition in San Francisco: Then and Now]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;December 16, 2009 : Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes of the East Bay&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#nov11-09|November 11, 2009: Alcatraz: 40th Anniversary of Indigenous Occupation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#sep9-09|September 9, 2009: Final Tap: An Unofficial History of Beer]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:February 11, 2009: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes III: Film Fragments of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 21, 2009: FoundSF: San Francisco History Wiki Workshop&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#nov12-08|November 12, 2008: The Invisible Public Legacy of the Great Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#sep17-08|September 17, 2008: SF State Strike 40th Anniversary]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:December 19, 2007: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes: Film Fragments of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#apr11-07|April 11, 2007: Lowriders: When the Mission was Low and Slow]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#feb14-07|February 14, 2007: A History of Land Grabs in San Francisco and Some Counter-efforts]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:December 6, 2006: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes: Film Fragments of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
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:November 8, 2006: Sexual and Reproductive Freedom Since the 1960s&lt;br /&gt;
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:June 14, 2006: Films by Calvin Roberts: A San Franciscan&amp;amp;rsquo;s Lost History&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#apr12-06|April 12, 2006: Black Exodus and Black Eviction in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#feb8-06|February 8, 2006: Philippines &amp;amp;amp; San Francisco: Connected Through History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 18, 2006: Labor strength: Historic Bay Area General Strikes&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;lit&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Literary&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017|Public Talks: Literary / 2010-2017]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar11-20|March 11, 2020: &#039;&#039;Hidden San Francisco&amp;quot;: Book Release and Birthday Party]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar8-17|March 8, 2017: Local History in Your Ear]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#nov11-15|November 11, 2015: Literary Liberalism and the Western Voice]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#nov13-13|November 13, 2013: Literary Treasures of the North Mission]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#oct16-13|October 16, 2013: Unsettlers: El Cabe]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#may8-13|May 8, 2013: Unsettlers: Migrants, Homies, and Mammas in the Mission]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#apr13-11|April 13, 2011: History of the Charles H. Kerr Publishing Co.]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar23-11|March 23, 2011: The Radical Futures Of The Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#oct20-10|October 20, 2010: Hard Boiled for Hard Times—Crime Authors in the City]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#oct13-10|October 13, 2010: Outspoken Authors Speak Out]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar24-10|March 24, 2010: Science Fiction and the Struggle for Justice]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar17-10|March 17, 2010: Crime/Noir Writers Describe Their Crimes in the City]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;social&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Social Movements&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Social Movements / 2026-&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_may27-26|May 27, 2026: AI and Empire Building]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2020|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2020-2025]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_oct22-25|October 22, 2025: Social Housing: Challenging YIMBYs and NIMBYs]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_feb26-25|February 26, 2025: New Luddites vs. Biopiracy and AI]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_dec4-24|December 4, 2024: Refusing Silicon Valley]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_jul5-24|July 5, 2024: 1934 Big Strike 90th Anniversary]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_may22-24|May 22, 2024: Rainbow Grocery Cooperative]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_may28-22|May 28, 2022: Urban Forum Walk n Talk: CCSF to SFSU]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_nov18-21|November 18, 2021: An Irish Catholic Liberal: Bishop Mark J. Hurley and the 1968-69 Strike at State]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2020#jan29-20|January 29, 2020: Enola Gay Faggot Affinity Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#dec4-19|December 4, 2019: Seattle/WTO Shutdown: 20th Anniversary]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct15-19|October 15, 2019: For the Record: Eyewitness Testimonies of the police murder of Luis Góngora Pat]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct9-19|October 9, 2019: Expanding San Francisco’s Common Wealth]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#may8-19|May 8, 2019: The Women of Los Siete de la Raza]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#mar13-19|March 13, 2019: Dockworker Power in the Bay Area and South Africa]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#dec5-18|December 5, 2018: Movements of Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct24-18|October 24, 2018: Rethinking 1968: What Happened, How Has It Shaped Us?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct3-18|October 3, 2018: Women, Power, and the Vote: 1911 Suffrage to the 2018 Midterms]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#dec13-17|December 13, 2017: San Francisco&#039;s Freeway Revolt]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct18-17|October 18, 2017: 50th Anniversary of the Stop the Draft Week Protests]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#may31-17|May 31, 2017: Summer of Love or Vietnam Summer?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#mar22-17|March 22, 2017: We&#039;ve Done This Before: 1980s Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct26-16|October 26, 2016: Death of Money: Diggers 50 Years Later]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct12-16|October 12, 2016: Compton&#039;s Cafeteria 50th Anniversary—The Transformation of Trans Politics and Identity]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#sep14-16|September 14, 2016: Hunter&#039;s Point Rebellion, 50 Years Later]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct14-15|October 14, 2015: Housing is a Human Right!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#sep23-15|September 23, 2015: Prisoners and Politics: from the San Quentin Six to Pelican Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#apr29-15|April 29, 2015: Union Demise and New Workers’ Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#apr1-15|April 1, 2015: Vietnam War, Dissent, and the U.S. Military]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#jan14-15|January 14, 2015: Home on the Grange]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#dec10-14|December 10, 2014: Latin American Social Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct29-14|October 29, 2014: San Francisco’s Housing Wars 2014 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct1-14|October 1, 2014: A History of LGBTQ  Spaces . . .Where you Least Expect Them]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#dec4-13|December 4, 2013: Remembering Los Siete]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#nov6-13|November 6, 2013: Confronting Cultural Genocide]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct2-13|October 2, 2013: The Red Army Faction—Dancing With Imperialism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#may20-13|May 20, 2013: &amp;quot;We are not machines!&amp;quot; The Situation and Struggles of the iSlaves in China]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#mar13-13|March 13, 2013: Asia&#039;s Unknown Uprisings]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#feb20-13|February 20, 2013: The Revolution of Everyday Life]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct17-12|October 17, 2012: Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct10-12|October 10, 2012: Ohlone Profiles Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#sep12-12|September 12, 2012: Mexico Today: Dinosaurs, Popular Refusal, and Hashtags!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#apr11-12|April 11, 2012: West of Eden: Communes and Utopia in Northern California]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#mar28-12|March 28, 2012: Selma James and George Katsiaficas]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#mar14-12|March 14, 2012: Rebooting the Rainbow]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#feb22-12|February 22, 2012: Policing San Francisco: 1930s-1960s]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#feb15-12|February 15, 2012: Corporate Personhood?!?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#jan25-12|January 25, 2012: Occupy Everything! An Open Discussion]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#nov16-11|November 16, 2011: The Good, The Bad, and the Alternatives to Mass Education]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:September 21, 2011: Dublin Community Activism Against Drug Addiction&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#may18-11|May 18, 2011: Mission Politics in the 1970s: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Ten Years That Shook the City: San Francisco 1968-78&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr27-11|April 27, 2011: Overcoming Work and Sacrifice]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr20-11|April 20, 2011: Radical Approaches to Organizing Work]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar16-11|March 16, 2011: Movements and Political Generations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar9-11|March 9, 2011: The Struggles of the Balkans and Romani in Fact and Fiction]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#dec15-10|December 15, 2010: Navigating the Criminal Courts: A Guide for Activists]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#dec8-10|December 8, 2010: Haiti: Gender and Continuity in the Midst of Disaster]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#sep29-10|September 29, 2010: Education Crisis/Radical Responses]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#sep15-10|September 15, 2010: Imprisoned But Unbowed: The Struggles of Incarcerated Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr21-10|April 21, 2010: Ten Years That Shook the City -- Sneak Preview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr14-10|April 14, 2010: U.S. Social Forum, Detroit]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar31-10|March 31, 2010: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Songs To Enemies And Deserts,&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; A Film Screening About Rebellion In Darfur]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#feb10-10|February 10, 2010: Queer workers: Class, Gentrification and Struggle in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#oct21-09|October 21, 2009: Bicycling in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#oct14-09|October 14, 2009: The Politics of &amp;amp;lsquo;Third Space&amp;amp;rsquo; in Global Videos and Installations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#may20-09|May 20, 2009: Anti-systemic Knowledge: Learning from the South]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr22-09|April 22, 2009: Global Commons/Global Enclosures]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr8-09|April 8, 2009: Anti-War Then and Now]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar11-09|March 11, 2009: Local Remanufacturing Our Way out of the Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#jan14-09|January 14, 2009: Hearing the City: Radio in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#dec17-08|December 17, 2008: Lessons and Advice on How to Survive an Economic Meltdown]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#dec10-08|December 10, 2008: Neighborhood Newspapers: Community Journalism in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#oct22-08|October 22, 2008: Worker Cooperative Alternatives to Precariousness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#sep24-08|September 24, 2008: Global Africa: Liberation, Decolonialization, and Diaspora]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#mar12-08|March 12, 2008: Arab San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#feb13-08|February 13, 2008: Community Art Spaces Survive Urban Pressures]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#jan9-08|January 9, 2008: Class and Power in Queer San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#dec12-07|December 12, 2007: News and the Future of Journalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#nov14-07|November 14, 2007: Public Commons vs. Corporate Privatization]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#oct10-07|October 10, 2007: Voting Perspectives]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#mar7-07|March 7, 2007: Learnin&amp;amp;rsquo; + Teachin&amp;amp;rsquo;: The Future of Education  (4 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#jan17-07|January 17, 2007: The Public Health Epidemic in a Therapy Society (3 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:December 13, 2006: Tactical Evolution: Protest Culture, Dissent, and Radical Change&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:October 11, 2006: Bolivar, Zapata and Sandino Ghosts and Revolution in South America&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#mar8-06|March 8, 2006: Infrastructure Wars: Sustainable Movements (3 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Theme]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Category:Talks&amp;diff=39145</id>
		<title>Category:Talks</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Category:Talks&amp;diff=39145"/>
		<updated>2026-05-29T20:20:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: /* Social Movements */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Shaping San Francisco hosts Public Talks on a variety of topics on Wednesday nights, 10–18 times a year. Our topic themes vary, but we&#039;ve grouped them over time into the categories listed below. These Public Talks have been archived in audio and since 2014 in video. Browse our offerings, and catch up on almost two decades of public discussions. Find them also at the Shaping San Francisco collection on the [https://archive.org/details/shaping_sf Internet Archive], and embedded in archival pages at [http://shapingsf.org/public-talks/index.html shapingsf.org]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Unlinked Talks mean there is no audio or video available.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#art|Art &amp;amp; Politics]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#ecology|Ecology]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#history|Historical Perspectives]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#lit|Literary]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;[[#social|Social Movements]]&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;art&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Art &amp;amp; Politics&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks:  Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2024- &amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_mar25-26|March 25, 2026: Chris &amp;quot;L7&amp;quot; Cuadrado—Re-Imagining Serra]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_oct1-25|October 1, 2025: Eric Drooker—&#039;&#039;Naked City&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_sep25-24|September 25, 2024: Will Maynez Interprets Diego Rivera]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_may8-24|May 8, 2024: Hughen/Starkweather]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks:_Art_%26_Politics_/_2015-2020|Public Talks:  Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020]] &amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics_/_2015-2020-#feb26-20|February 26, 2020: Miranda Bergman]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics_/_2015-2020#sep11-19|September 11, 2019: San Francisco Poster Syndicate]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-20209#apr3-19|April 3, 2019: Chris &amp;quot;L7&amp;quot; Cuadrado]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb13-19|February 13, 2019: Seth Eisen/OUT of Site]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#nov28-18|November 28, 2018: Public Art and Murals: Controversy, Neglect, Restoration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#may2-18|May 2, 2018: Kal Spelletich--Do Androids Dream of Surplus Value?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#apr4-18|April 4, 2018: Insurgent Country Music and its Roots in the Golden State]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#mar14-18|March 14, 2018: Ilana Crispi: Tenderloin and Mission Dirt]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb28-18|February 28, 2018: Lou Dematteis]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#nov8-17|November 8, 2017: Seth Eisen &amp;quot;OUT of Site&amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#jun7-17|June 7, 2017: Kent Minault&#039;s &amp;amp;quot;Diggerly-Do&#039;s&amp;amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#jan25-17|January 25, 2017: Packard Jennings]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#sep28-16|September 28, 2016: Jenny Odell, Art as Archiving, Archiving as Art]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb24-16|February 24, 2016: Mauro Ffortissimo with Dean Mermell]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#nov4-15|November 4, 2015: Guillermo Gomez-Peña]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#sep30-15|September 30, 2015: Nato Green]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#mar4-15|March 4, 2015: Sirron Norris]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2015-2020#feb11-15|February 11, 2015: Rene Yañez]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014|Public Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#nov12-14|November 12, 2014: Janet Delaney]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#apr30-14|April 30, 2014: Yolanda Lopez]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#mar26-14|March 26, 2014: Norman Nawrocki — Cazzarola!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#jan22-14|January 22, 2014: Songs of Freedom celebration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#apr24-13|April 24, 2013: Rebar]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#nov7-12|November 7, 2012: Clarion Alley Mural Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#may16-12|May 16, 2012: Amy Franceschini]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#may9-12|May 9, 2012: Rock, Posters, and Politics!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#apr18-12|April 18, 2012: &amp;quot;Reel Hood Heroes&amp;quot;: Conscious Youth Media Crew]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#mar21-12|March 21, 2012: Jess Curtis: Body of Work]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:October 19, 2011: An Open Rehearsal of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Trial of Lucullus&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#may25-11|May 25, 2011: Lost Murals, Political Posters, Underground Comix: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Ten Years That Shook the City: San Francisco 1968-78&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2011-2014#feb9-11|February 9, 2011: Eric Drooker and HOWL]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010|Public Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#oct27-10|October 27, 2010: A Staged Reading of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Money,&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; a WPA Comedy from 1937]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep22-10|September 22, 2010: RIGO]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#may19-10|May 19, 2010: History of San Francisco&#039;s Carnaval]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#mar10-10|March 10, 2010: Socially Engaged Printmaking Today]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#feb17-10|February 17, 2010: Melanie Cervantes and Jesus Barraza]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#jan20-10|January 20, 2010: Patricia Rodriguez]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#dec9-09|December 9, 2009: Keith Hennessy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#nov18-09|November 18, 2009: Philippines: Immigration Politics and the Body]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep23-09|September 23, 2009: From India to the Bay Area: Culture and Economy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep16-09|September 16, 2009: Conscious Youth Media Crew]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#may27-09|May 27, 2009: Susan Greene]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#apr15-09|April 15, 2009: Russell Howze]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#mar18-09|March 18, 2009: Jet Martinez]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#feb18-09|February 18, 2009: Doug Minkler]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#oct8-08|October 8, 2008: San Francisco Print Collective]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:September 10, 2008: Art as Intervention&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#mar19-08|March 19, 2008: Favianna Rodriguez]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#feb20-08|February 20, 2008: Eric Drooker]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#jan16-08|January 16, 2008: Andrew Schoultz]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#oct17-07|October 17, 2007: Hugh D&amp;amp;rsquo;Andrade]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Art &amp;amp; Politics / 2007-2010#sep19-07|September 19, 2007: Mona Caron]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:September 12, 2007: Grant Funding for the Arts in San Francisco: A Discussion&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;ecology&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Ecology&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Ecology / 2026&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_mar11-26|March 11, 2026: City of Redwood]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Ecology / 2024-2025&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_mar26-25|March 26, 2025: Biospheric Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_mar26-24|March 26, 2024: Cultivating Food Resilience and Combating Global Challenges]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Ecology / 2020-2023&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_dec2-23|December 2, 2023: Thinkwalk—1862 Flood]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep30-23|September 30, 2023: Natural Areas II Bike Tour: Golden Gate Park to Lobos Valley]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep23-23|September 23, 2023: Frisco Bay Mussel Group: A Look Back]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep22-23|September 22, 2023: San Francisco Natural History with Greg Gaar]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_apr23-23|April 23, 2023: Special Anniversary Bike Tour: Natural Areas and Native Plants]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_mar18-23|March 18, 2023: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Journey to the Highest Peak: Mt. Davidson]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_nov5-22|November 5, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—China Beach to Mountain Lake]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_oct15-22|October 15, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Tunnel Tops to Francisco Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_sep24-22|September 24, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Chain of Lakes, Golden Gate Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_apr9-22|April 9, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—San Bruno Mountain]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_mar26-22|March 26, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Fort Funston to Pine Lake]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_jan29-22|January 29, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Visitacion Valley and Little Hollywood]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_nov6-21|November 6, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Glen Canyon and Sutro Forest]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_oct9-21|October 9, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Bayview Hill and Candlestick Point State Recreation Area]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_aug28-21|August 28, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Grandview Peak and Golden Gate Heights]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_jun26-21|June 26, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Dogpatch, Warm Water Cove, Shipyards and Crane Cove Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_apr10-21|April 10, 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Presidio: Crissy Field to El Polín Spring]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2020 Videos#v_dec13-20|December 13, 2020: King Tide/Sea Level Rise Mission Bay Virtual Walking Tour]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2020 Videos#v_sep19-20|September 19, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—India Basin and Heron&#039;s Head Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019|Public Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#sep25-19|September 25, 2019: Neighborhood Corridors: Memory and Ecology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#may22-19|May 22, 2019: Local Ecological Justice and Urbanity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#mar27-19|March 27, 2019: Sea Level Rise: Pacific Ocean and the Bay Area]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#mar28-18|March 28, 2018: Saving the Bay from the &amp;quot;Future&amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#mar7-18|March 7, 2018: Resilient by Design: The Language of Water]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2018-2019#feb7-18|February 7, 2018: Building a Deep Map--Beyond Buildings and Views]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017|Public Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#sep27-17|September 27, 2017: Other Food Systems Are Possible]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may10-17|May 10, 2017: From the Delta to the Bayshore: Adaptation Infrastructure and Rising Seas]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#feb8-17|February 8, 2017: Citizen Science/Extinction Culture]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#nov30-16|November 30, 2016: Unseen City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may11-16|May 11, 2016: What’s Going Right with the Global Environment!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#apr27-16|April 27, 2016: Oil, Soil, and (Climate) Turmoil]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#apr13-16|April 13, 2016: Synthetic Biology: DIY Tinkering Meets Big Capital]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#dec2-15|December 2, 2015: Tending the Urban Wild]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may13-15|May 13, 2015: Plumbing California: Past, Present, and Future]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#may6-15|May 6, 2015: Rewilding and the Anthropocene]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#apr22-15|April 22, 2015: Telling Stories with Bricks]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2015-2017#feb4-15|February 4, 2015: San Francisco’s Wild Menu: Flora, Fauna, Feast]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014|Public Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#nov5-14|November 5, 2014: Trees and History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#sep10-14|September 10, 2014: The Evolving Eastern Shoreline]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may14-14|May 14, 2014: Political Economy of Bees]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may7-14|May 7, 2014: Dogs, Density, and Natural Areas]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#apr9-14|April 9, 2014: Urban Farming and Urban Nature: Are We Competing or Cooperating?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#mar12-14|March 12, 2014: Saltworks and Shorelines: a Visual and Social History of the San Francisco Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#feb26-14|February 26, 2014: Design Radicals: Berkeley 1960s and Today]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#feb5-14|February 5, 2014: Becoming a Biodiversity City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#oct30-13|October 30, 2013: Liberation Biology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may22-13|May 22, 2013: Talking About Ecology and Science in Public]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#mar27-13|March 27, 2013: Designing Resilient Landscapes: What history teaches us about San Francisco and the Bay-Delta Estuary]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#jan16-13|January 16, 2013: The Tigers of Market Street: Butterfly Habitat along a Busy Urban Corridor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#dec5-12|December 5, 2012: Planning 4th Street: Remaking a San Francisco Corridor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#aug28-12|August 28, 2012: The Next Step in Sustainability]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2012-2014#may23-12|May 23, 2012: What Are Our Streets For?]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011|Public Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#nov9-11|November 9, 2011: In Search of San Francisco&#039;s Eradicated Landscapes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#oct26-11|October 26, 2011: Urban Homesteading]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#sep28-11|September 28, 2011: Did Laguna Dolores Exist?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#sep14-11|September 14, 2011: Endangered Species Campaigning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#jun8-11|June 8, 2011: Ecology and Food of the 1970s: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Ten Years That Shook the City: San Francisco 1968-78&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#mar30-11|March 30, 2011: Reciprocal Bio-Regional Culture from the Bay Area to the Sierras]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:February 23, 2011: Underground Food Politics&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#feb16-11|February 16, 2011: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Vanished Waters&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;: A History of San Francisco&#039;s Mission Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#jan26-11|January 26, 2011: Environmental History of Golden Gate Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#nov17-10|November 17, 2010: Watersheds from California to Mexico]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#nov10-10|November 10, 2010: Eco-Politics, a Strategic Roundtable]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#may26-10|May 26, 2010: Twin Peaks Bioregional Park: A Conservation Strategy for the Heart of San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 12, 2010: Circle the Food Wagons!—Local Food Economies&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#feb24-10|February 24, 2010: San Francisco Golf Courses, Parks, Natural Areas]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Ecology / 2010-2011#jan27-10|January 27, 2010: Urban Forest]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009|Public Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;October 28, 2009: Climate Change/Climate Justice&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#sep30-09|September 30, 2009: Ecology and Redevelopment in Bayview/Hunter&#039;s Point ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#may13-09|May 13, 2009: Can Capitalism really &amp;amp;ldquo;Go Green?&amp;amp;rdquo;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#apr29-09|April 29, 2009: Permacultural Transformation for the Urban Dweller]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#mar25-09|March 25, 2009: Toxic San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#feb25-09|February 25, 2009: Bees in the City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#jan29-09|January 28, 2009: Lake Merced Natural Area&#039;s Future]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:November 19, 2008: Green Streets: Redesigning San Francisco One Block at a Time&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#oct29-08|October 29, 2008: Candlestick Point: State Park for the People]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:February 27, 2008: San Francisco&#039;s Imperiled and Surviving Birds&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2008-2009#jan30-08|January 30, 2008: Endangered Species Big Year]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007|Public Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#nov28-07|November 28, 2007: Food Security &amp;amp;amp; Urban Agriculture]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#oct24-07|October 24, 2007: New Politics for Green Cities]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#sep26-07|September 26, 2007: San Francisco Water Sources]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 30, 2007: San Francisco Ecology: Butterflies in the City&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 2, 2007: Immigration, Work, and Agriculture: From Enclosures to Fast-Food&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:April 25, 2007: The National Park Where We Live&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#feb28-07|February 28, 2007:  Laying a Foundation for a Green City (3 podcasts) ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:January 31, 2007: Grassroots Activism to Save San Bruno Mountain&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:November 29, 2006: Native Habitat Restoration: Frogs in San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:October 25, 2006: Recycling Activism: Trash and Toxics &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:September 27, 2006: Activism in and for the San Francisco Bay Ecosystem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#may31-06|May 31, 2006 : Can San Francisco Feed Itself? (3 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:May 10, 2006: San Francisco&#039;s Food Revolt&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#apr26-06|April 26, 2006: Reclaiming Bay Area Military Bases (2 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Ecology / 2006-2007#mar29-06|March 29, 2006: Natural Disasters and Community Response (4 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:February 22, 2006: Nature in the Urban Environment&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 25, 2006: Natural Areas of San Francisco: a Pre-Urban View&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;history&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Historical Perspectives&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2026-&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_apr16-26|April 16, 2026: San Francisco: A Liberal Oligarchy?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_feb25-26|February 25, 2026: Memory Keeping from Indigenous Perspectives]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_feb11-26|February 11, 2026: The Priest, the Imperialist, and the Sculptor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2021-2025&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_dec10-25|December 10, 2025: Radiation in our Midst]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_nov19-25|November 19, 2025: Logistics, Containers, Seafarers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_nov5-25|November 5, 2025: Auto Row to Robo-cars: A Century of Protesting Carmageddon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_may14-25|May 14, 2025: HUAC and the New McCarthyism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_apr16-25|April 16, 2025: Explosivity: Port Chicago &amp;amp; Beyond]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_oct16-24|October 16, 2024: Rebel Airwaves: Looking back at 75 years of KPFA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_oct9-24|October 9, 2024: The First Post-Pandemic Political Era: After WWI]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_sep25-24|September 25, 2024: Will Maynez Interprets Diego Rivera]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_sep11-24|September 11, 2024: Muni Labor, Muni Love]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_apr24-24|April 24, 2024: History of Monopoly (the game)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_apr10-24|April 10, 2024: Life and Death in a Great American City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_dec5-23|December 15, 2023: Talking History with Gary Kamiya]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_nov15-23|November 15, 2023: Living in the Archives]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_nov8-23|November 8, 2023: Peoples History of SFO]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_oct28-23|October 28, 2023: Lone Mountain Cemeteries]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_oct24-23|October 24, 2023: Mountain View Cemetery]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_sep27-23|September 27, 2023: Trains into the Outside Lands]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_aug26-23|August 26, 2023: Bicycle Messenger Crackdown Commemoration Ride]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_jun14-23|June 14, 2023: San Francisco and the New Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_may20-23|May 20, 2023: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Food and Baseball in SOMA and the Mission]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_mar26-23|March 26, 2023: Tour of the Oakland Tribune Tower]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2023 Videos#v_jan28-23|January 28, 2023: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Bernal Cut to Diamond Heights]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_nov19-22|November 19, 2022: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Pacific Heights and Cow Hollow]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_sep18-21|September 18 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Eureka Valley and Corbett Heights]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_mar6-21|March 6 2021: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Bernal Heights and the Bernal Cut]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Spring 2020 Videos#v_nov14-20|November 14, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—McLaren Park and Philosophers&#039; Way]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Spring 2020 Videos#v_sep26-20|September 26, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—Fort Mason and Black Point]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;August 29, 2020: Urban Forum: Walk and Talk—SF General Hospital and Potrero Hill &#039;&#039;No recording available&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#mar11-20|March 11, 2020: &#039;&#039;Hidden San Francisco&#039;&#039;: Book Release and Birthday Party]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#dec11-19|December 11, 2019: Valencia Street as a Lesbian Corridor: Living Memories]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#nov13-19|November 13, 2019: Progress to Poverty: Land and Rents]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#nov6-19|November 6, 2019: Alcatraz Occupation: A Beginning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#oct23-19|October 23, 2019: Shellmounds, Indigenous Culture, and Ecology on the San Francisco Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#oct2-19|October 2, 2019: Storytelling and the Memory Keepers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#may29-19|May 29, 2019: Americans in the Spanish Civil War]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#apr10-19|April 10, 2019: Neighborhood Newspapers of San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#feb6-19|February 6, 2019: Internment and its Aftermath]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2019-2020#jan23-19|January 23, 2019: Before San Francisco: Spanish and Mexican Peninsula]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#nov7-18|November 7, 2018: The War to End All Wars]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct31-18|October 31, 2018: The Jazz of Modern Basketball: &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Racism and Virtuosity at the Roots of the Golden State Warriors]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct10-18|October 10, 2018: Missing Pieces: Remembering Elements of a Gone City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#sep26-18|September 26, 2018: Model SF: Collectively Shaping the City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#may23-18|May 23, 2018: Archives and Memory: New Ways of Making History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#may9-18|May 9, 2018: Platform Cooperatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#apr25-18|April 25, 2018: Universal Basic Income, Is It time?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#jan24-18|January 24, 2018: Dogpatch Then and Now]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#dec6-17|December 6, 2017: Popular Front to Cold War]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct11-17|October 11, 2017: Speeding Through the Unseen, From Coding to Commons]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#oct4-17|October 4, 2017: Art and Architecture During the Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#may3-17|May 3, 2017: Agents of Change: California Labor History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2017-2018#feb22-17|February 22, 2017: Progressive Transgressions]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#dec7-16|December 7, 2016: Divided We Fall: Immigration and Scapegoating]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#nov9-16|November 9, 2016: The Housing Crisis and The Growth Consensus: What&#039;s Wrong with this Picture?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#oct5-16|October 5, 2016: 19th Century California Indian Slavery and Genocide]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#may25-16|May 25, 2016: Audible Cities]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#apr20-16|April 20, 2016: San Francisco, 1960s &amp;amp; 70s: Cultural Ecology and Experimentation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#mar16-16|March 16, 2016: Street Names, Streetcars, and Street Life]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#mar9-16|March 9, 2016: Rise and Fall of Third Worldism]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#feb10-16|February 10, 2016: New (Old) Paradigms in Medicine]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#jan27-16|January 27, 2016: Easter Rebellion and Irish San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#dec9-15|December 9, 2015: United Nations and New Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#oct7-15|October 7, 2015: Archaeology Finds…Daily Family Life in Early SF Settlements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#apr8-15|April 8, 2015: The Tenderloin: SF’s Most Fraught Neighborhood]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#feb24-15|February 24, 2015: Promises of Progress: Panama-Pacific International Exposition]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2015-2016#jan21-15|January 21, 2015: Washed Away—Newfound Extreme Weather History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#dec3-14|December 3, 2014: Tunneling San Francisco Then and Now: Where&#039;s the Public Interest?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#oct9-14|October 9, 2014: Making History by Making Maps]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#sep24-14|September 24, 2014: No Future at College?!?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#may28-14|May 28, 2014: San Francisco&#039;s Ghadar Party Heritage]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#apr16-14|April 16, 2014: Upton Sinclair/End Poverty in California]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#mar19-14|March 19, 2014: Stop, Thief! The Commons, Enclosures, and Resistance]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#jan15-14|January 15, 2014: Latinos at the Golden Gate: Creating Community &amp;amp; Identity in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#oct9-13|October 9, 2013: Bay Area Indigenous Pre-History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#sep25-13|September 25, 2013: Radical Archiving and Cataloging as Social History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#sep11-13|September 11, 2013: The Bay Bridge, 1936-2013]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#apr13-13|April 13, 2013: Chinese Whispers]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#feb27-13|February 27, 2013: Pier 70, Transforming 19th Century Ironworks to a 21st Century ... ?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2013-2014#jan30-13|January 30, 2013: Catastrophism: The Apocalyptic Politics of Collapse and Rebirth]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font size3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#dec12-12|December 12, 2012: Old City Hall: Corruption &amp;amp;amp; Racism in 19th Century San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jul17-12|July 17, 2012: Bristol Radical History Group “History From Below”]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#may30-12|May 30, 2012: FoundSF: Dissent]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#may2-12|May 2, 2012: Mat Callahan presents the &amp;quot;James Connolly--Songs of Freedom&amp;quot; project]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#apr25-12|April 25, 2012: Radically Gay: Harry Hay, LGBT pioneer]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jan18-12|January 18, 2012: The Vietnam War Continues]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#dec14-11|December 14, 2011: Centennial Anniversary! Women Get the Vote!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#nov30-11|November 30, 2011: The History of the Future]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#oct12-11|October 12, 2011: Reimagining Market Street]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:May 11, 2011: A Virtual Civil Liberties Tour of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jan19-11|January 19, 2011: Before (and After) the Car: San Francisco&#039;s Transit History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 12, 2011: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes of Detroit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2010-2012#jan13-10|January 13, 2010: Prohibition in San Francisco: Then and Now]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009|Public Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;December 16, 2009 : Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes of the East Bay&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#nov11-09|November 11, 2009: Alcatraz: 40th Anniversary of Indigenous Occupation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#sep9-09|September 9, 2009: Final Tap: An Unofficial History of Beer]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:February 11, 2009: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes III: Film Fragments of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 21, 2009: FoundSF: San Francisco History Wiki Workshop&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#nov12-08|November 12, 2008: The Invisible Public Legacy of the Great Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#sep17-08|September 17, 2008: SF State Strike 40th Anniversary]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:December 19, 2007: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes: Film Fragments of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#apr11-07|April 11, 2007: Lowriders: When the Mission was Low and Slow]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#feb14-07|February 14, 2007: A History of Land Grabs in San Francisco and Some Counter-efforts]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:December 6, 2006: Rick Prelinger&#039;s Lost Landscapes: Film Fragments of San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
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:November 8, 2006: Sexual and Reproductive Freedom Since the 1960s&lt;br /&gt;
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:June 14, 2006: Films by Calvin Roberts: A San Franciscan&amp;amp;rsquo;s Lost History&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#apr12-06|April 12, 2006: Black Exodus and Black Eviction in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Historical Perspectives / 2006-2009#feb8-06|February 8, 2006: Philippines &amp;amp;amp; San Francisco: Connected Through History]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:January 18, 2006: Labor strength: Historic Bay Area General Strikes&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;lit&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Literary&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017|Public Talks: Literary / 2010-2017]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar11-20|March 11, 2020: &#039;&#039;Hidden San Francisco&amp;quot;: Book Release and Birthday Party]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar8-17|March 8, 2017: Local History in Your Ear]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#nov11-15|November 11, 2015: Literary Liberalism and the Western Voice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#nov13-13|November 13, 2013: Literary Treasures of the North Mission]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#oct16-13|October 16, 2013: Unsettlers: El Cabe]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#may8-13|May 8, 2013: Unsettlers: Migrants, Homies, and Mammas in the Mission]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#apr13-11|April 13, 2011: History of the Charles H. Kerr Publishing Co.]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar23-11|March 23, 2011: The Radical Futures Of The Book]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#oct20-10|October 20, 2010: Hard Boiled for Hard Times—Crime Authors in the City]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#oct13-10|October 13, 2010: Outspoken Authors Speak Out]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar24-10|March 24, 2010: Science Fiction and the Struggle for Justice]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Literary / 2010-2017#mar17-10|March 17, 2010: Crime/Noir Writers Describe Their Crimes in the City]]&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;social&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Social Movements&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;==&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Public Talks: Social Movements / 2026-]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2026 Videos#v_may27-26|May 27, 2026: AI and Empire Building]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2020|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2020-2025]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_oct22-25|October 22, 2025: Social Housing: Challenging YIMBYs and NIMBYs]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2025 Videos#v_feb26-25|February 26, 2025: New Luddites vs. Biopiracy and AI]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_dec4-24|December 4, 2024: Refusing Silicon Valley]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_jul5-24|July 5, 2024: 1934 Big Strike 90th Anniversary]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2024 Videos#v_may22-24|May 22, 2024: Rainbow Grocery Cooperative]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2022 Videos#v_may28-22|May 28, 2022: Urban Forum Walk n Talk: CCSF to SFSU]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: 2021 Videos#v_nov18-21|November 18, 2021: An Irish Catholic Liberal: Bishop Mark J. Hurley and the 1968-69 Strike at State]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2020#jan29-20|January 29, 2020: Enola Gay Faggot Affinity Group]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#dec4-19|December 4, 2019: Seattle/WTO Shutdown: 20th Anniversary]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct15-19|October 15, 2019: For the Record: Eyewitness Testimonies of the police murder of Luis Góngora Pat]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct9-19|October 9, 2019: Expanding San Francisco’s Common Wealth]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#may8-19|May 8, 2019: The Women of Los Siete de la Raza]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#mar13-19|March 13, 2019: Dockworker Power in the Bay Area and South Africa]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#dec5-18|December 5, 2018: Movements of Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct24-18|October 24, 2018: Rethinking 1968: What Happened, How Has It Shaped Us?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2018-2019#oct3-18|October 3, 2018: Women, Power, and the Vote: 1911 Suffrage to the 2018 Midterms]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#dec13-17|December 13, 2017: San Francisco&#039;s Freeway Revolt]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct18-17|October 18, 2017: 50th Anniversary of the Stop the Draft Week Protests]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#may31-17|May 31, 2017: Summer of Love or Vietnam Summer?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#mar22-17|March 22, 2017: We&#039;ve Done This Before: 1980s Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct26-16|October 26, 2016: Death of Money: Diggers 50 Years Later]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct12-16|October 12, 2016: Compton&#039;s Cafeteria 50th Anniversary—The Transformation of Trans Politics and Identity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#sep14-16|September 14, 2016: Hunter&#039;s Point Rebellion, 50 Years Later]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#oct14-15|October 14, 2015: Housing is a Human Right!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#sep23-15|September 23, 2015: Prisoners and Politics: from the San Quentin Six to Pelican Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#apr29-15|April 29, 2015: Union Demise and New Workers’ Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#apr1-15|April 1, 2015: Vietnam War, Dissent, and the U.S. Military]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2015-2017#jan14-15|January 14, 2015: Home on the Grange]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#dec10-14|December 10, 2014: Latin American Social Movements]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct29-14|October 29, 2014: San Francisco’s Housing Wars 2014 ]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct1-14|October 1, 2014: A History of LGBTQ  Spaces . . .Where you Least Expect Them]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#dec4-13|December 4, 2013: Remembering Los Siete]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#nov6-13|November 6, 2013: Confronting Cultural Genocide]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct2-13|October 2, 2013: The Red Army Faction—Dancing With Imperialism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#may20-13|May 20, 2013: &amp;quot;We are not machines!&amp;quot; The Situation and Struggles of the iSlaves in China]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#mar13-13|March 13, 2013: Asia&#039;s Unknown Uprisings]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#feb20-13|February 20, 2013: The Revolution of Everyday Life]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct17-12|October 17, 2012: Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#oct10-12|October 10, 2012: Ohlone Profiles Project]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#sep12-12|September 12, 2012: Mexico Today: Dinosaurs, Popular Refusal, and Hashtags!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#apr11-12|April 11, 2012: West of Eden: Communes and Utopia in Northern California]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#mar28-12|March 28, 2012: Selma James and George Katsiaficas]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#mar14-12|March 14, 2012: Rebooting the Rainbow]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#feb22-12|February 22, 2012: Policing San Francisco: 1930s-1960s]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#feb15-12|February 15, 2012: Corporate Personhood?!?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2012-2014#jan25-12|January 25, 2012: Occupy Everything! An Open Discussion]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#nov16-11|November 16, 2011: The Good, The Bad, and the Alternatives to Mass Education]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:September 21, 2011: Dublin Community Activism Against Drug Addiction&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#may18-11|May 18, 2011: Mission Politics in the 1970s: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Ten Years That Shook the City: San Francisco 1968-78&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr27-11|April 27, 2011: Overcoming Work and Sacrifice]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr20-11|April 20, 2011: Radical Approaches to Organizing Work]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar16-11|March 16, 2011: Movements and Political Generations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar9-11|March 9, 2011: The Struggles of the Balkans and Romani in Fact and Fiction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#dec15-10|December 15, 2010: Navigating the Criminal Courts: A Guide for Activists]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#dec8-10|December 8, 2010: Haiti: Gender and Continuity in the Midst of Disaster]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#sep29-10|September 29, 2010: Education Crisis/Radical Responses]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#sep15-10|September 15, 2010: Imprisoned But Unbowed: The Struggles of Incarcerated Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr21-10|April 21, 2010: Ten Years That Shook the City -- Sneak Preview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr14-10|April 14, 2010: U.S. Social Forum, Detroit]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar31-10|March 31, 2010: &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Songs To Enemies And Deserts,&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; A Film Screening About Rebellion In Darfur]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#feb10-10|February 10, 2010: Queer workers: Class, Gentrification and Struggle in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#oct21-09|October 21, 2009: Bicycling in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#oct14-09|October 14, 2009: The Politics of &amp;amp;lsquo;Third Space&amp;amp;rsquo; in Global Videos and Installations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#may20-09|May 20, 2009: Anti-systemic Knowledge: Learning from the South]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr22-09|April 22, 2009: Global Commons/Global Enclosures]]&lt;br /&gt;
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:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#apr8-09|April 8, 2009: Anti-War Then and Now]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#mar11-09|March 11, 2009: Local Remanufacturing Our Way out of the Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2009-2011#jan14-09|January 14, 2009: Hearing the City: Radio in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font  size=4&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008|Public Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008]]&amp;lt;/font  size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;font  size=3&amp;gt;[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#dec17-08|December 17, 2008: Lessons and Advice on How to Survive an Economic Meltdown]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#dec10-08|December 10, 2008: Neighborhood Newspapers: Community Journalism in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#oct22-08|October 22, 2008: Worker Cooperative Alternatives to Precariousness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#sep24-08|September 24, 2008: Global Africa: Liberation, Decolonialization, and Diaspora]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#mar12-08|March 12, 2008: Arab San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#feb13-08|February 13, 2008: Community Art Spaces Survive Urban Pressures]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#jan9-08|January 9, 2008: Class and Power in Queer San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#dec12-07|December 12, 2007: News and the Future of Journalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#nov14-07|November 14, 2007: Public Commons vs. Corporate Privatization]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#oct10-07|October 10, 2007: Voting Perspectives]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#mar7-07|March 7, 2007: Learnin&amp;amp;rsquo; + Teachin&amp;amp;rsquo;: The Future of Education  (4 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#jan17-07|January 17, 2007: The Public Health Epidemic in a Therapy Society (3 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:December 13, 2006: Tactical Evolution: Protest Culture, Dissent, and Radical Change&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:October 11, 2006: Bolivar, Zapata and Sandino Ghosts and Revolution in South America&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Talks: Social Movements / 2006-2008#mar8-06|March 8, 2006: Infrastructure Wars: Sustainable Movements (3 podcasts)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Theme]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Talks:_2026_Videos&amp;diff=39144</id>
		<title>Talks: 2026 Videos</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Talks:_2026_Videos&amp;diff=39144"/>
		<updated>2026-05-29T20:18:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Primary Source&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Shaping San Francisco hosts Public Talks on a variety of topics, usually on Wednesday nights, a dozen times a year. Our topic themes vary, but we&#039;ve grouped them over time into these categories: Art &amp;amp; Politics, Ecology, Historical Perspectives, Literary, and Social Movements.&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_may27-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;May 27, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;AI and Empire Building&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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We bring together several sharp critics of the hype machine that has long characterized the internet and our successive tech booms, currently blowing up in the AI bubble. Lost in the hand wringing over the more exaggerated claims of boosters and doomers is the ongoing reproduction of a colonial seizure of what should be our common wealth. This process has long historic roots and in some ways it is thanks to our amnesiac culture that the current crop of billionaire investors and tech bros have gotten away with doing it all again. Wendy Liu, Alex Hanna, Tamara Kneese, and Elizabeth Travelslight. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/ai-and-empire-building-may-27-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_apr16-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;April 16, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;San Francisco: A Liberal Oligarchy?&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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New tech oligarchs have thrown their money around to shape city politics for the past decade. We now have a billionaire bluejeans heir for mayor. We explore how organized money and corporate power managed to steer San Francisco going back through the post-WWII cold war, the long decline of Catholic morality, and the explosion of social movements and the sexual revolution the city is known for. Join political scientist Lincoln Mitchell, former supervisor and Mayoral candidate Tom Ammiano, and neighborhood activist and writer Romalyn Schmaltz for a spirited romp through the tangled and conflicted histories of the past few decades. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/san-francisco-liberal-oligarchy-april-16-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_mar25-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;March 25, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Re-Imagining Serra&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Chris Cuadrado&#039;s artist activation uses multimedia technology to create an alternative statue emerging from the rubble of what has been torn down. Chris investigates the act of reappropriation to rebuild the memory of Junipero Serra. Based on collected ephemera, photographs, video footage, and sourced miniature replicas related to the statue, a screening and sound sculpture is a meditation on the figure of Padre Junipero Serra. Attendees will be invited to reflect on monuments, legacy, and public space.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Part of Shaping Legacy: San Francisco Monuments &amp;amp; Memorials, a project of San Francisco Arts Commission, with Adriana Camarena, Kim Shuck, and Chris Cuadrado. Thanks to Association of Ramaytush Ohlone for guidance throughout the year.&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/re-imagining-serra-march-25-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_mar11-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;March 11, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;City of Redwood&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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James Michael Buckley’s 2024 &#039;&#039;City of Wood: San Francisco and the Architecture of the Redwood Lumber Industry&#039;&#039; reconnects us to the built environment from San Francisco all the way up to Eureka in the far north of California, past and present. David Schmidt’s brand new majesterial &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039; contains a close look at the historic forests of the Bay Area and how they were cut down to help build the region. Together these speakers will help us see how profoundly the iconic trees of the west coast literally undergird our everyday lives even today. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/city-of-redwood-march-11-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_feb25-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;February 25, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;Memory Keeping from Indigenous Perspectives&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Shaping San Francisco’s year-long case study of the Padre Junípero Serra statue included a folklife-based, community-led research process centered on memory-keeping practices. Indigenous community researchers explored everyday practices from their own cultures that carry collective knowledge. The researchers included members of Urban Native communities, Indigenous migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean, and urban youth. Their research invites reflection on how genocide, relocation, and migration continue to erode Indigenous ways of knowing, and how communities continue to protect and hold on to them. The process was facilitated by storyteller Adriana Camarena. Several community researchers will share their findings. The discussion will be presented in Spanish and English.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Part of Shaping Legacy: San Francisco Monuments &amp;amp; Memorials, a project of San Francisco Arts Commission &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/memory-keeping-from-indigenous-perspectives-feb-25-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;v_feb11-26&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;February 11, 2026  &amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;font size=4&amp;gt;The Priest, the Imperialist, and the Sculptor&amp;lt;/font size&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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We close a year-long case study of the Padre Junipero Serra statue. Jonathan Cordero (Association of Ramaytush Ohlone)  critically examines the romantic myth that supports the veneration of Serra and reveals the actual calamitous impact of the mission system. Chris Carlsson explains how an unlikely series of events led to the so-called “Mission Revival”, the commissioning of the statue by James Phelan, and giving Serra an undeserved new role in a manufactured public memory. He reveals that the statue&#039;s placement in Golden Gate Park in 1907 in fact bolstered a white supremacist agenda at the dawn of the 20th century. LisaRuth Elliott explores Douglas Tilden, the cosmopolitan sculptor revered in the deaf community, and his many other contributions to the SF civic art collection and beyond. This evening is a chance to talk about the reanimation of a man through a monument, the fraught relationship between a patron of the arts and his protegé, and how these honorific likenesses and what they are supposed to signify become part of our urban space.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Part of Shaping Legacy: San Francisco Monuments &amp;amp; Memorials, a project of San Francisco Arts Commission&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;iframe src=&amp;quot;https://archive.org/embed/priest-imperialist-sculptor-feb-11-2026&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;560&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;384&amp;quot; frameborder=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; webkitallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; mozallowfullscreen=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; allowfullscreen&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/iframe&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[category:1776-1823]] [[category:1823-1846]] [[category:1880s]] [[category:1890s]] [[category:1910s]] [[category:2020s]] [[category:Indigenous]] [[category:racism]] [[category:Power and Money]] [[category:architecture]] [[category:Public Art]] [[category:Filipino]] [[category:Talks]] [[category:Mexican]] [[category:Food]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Ecology]] [[category:Churches]] [[category:Famous characters]] [[category:Technology]] [[category:Schools]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Bay_Area_Military_Bases&amp;diff=39143</id>
		<title>Bay Area Military Bases</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Bay_Area_Military_Bases&amp;diff=39143"/>
		<updated>2026-05-27T05:56:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a survey of former and current military bases around the San Francisco Bay, but is not a full list of all such sites.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Presidio Crissy Field December 1955 opensfhistory wnp25.7013.jpg|800px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Presidio&#039;s Crissy Field, December 1955.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: OpenSFHistory.org wnp25.7013&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Presidio of San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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As a U.S. Army base from 1846 until 1994, the two-square-mile Presidio had a tidal lagoon that was partially filled with trash in the late 1880s to 1912. By 1913, the remaining tidelands were filled with dredged mud from the bay, and converted to a military airfield, Crissy Field, in 1919-1921. The Army later paved 70 acres of Crissy Field for an asphalt runway. The airfield closed in 1974, but the asphalt remained. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before turning the Presidio over to the National Park Service in 1994, the Army mapped dozens of dump sites and areas with soil or groundwater contaminated by fuel leaks or hazardous waste. The base had been dumping all its waste within the Presidio until the 1970s. Cleanup efforts funded by the Army were underway throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, and completed by 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The historic Crissy Field trash dump was carefully exhumed by archeologists in 1999, who turned up over 80,000 artifacts. To [[Crissy Field restored|restore the lagoon]], workers removed 230,000 cubic yards of material, including 15,000 tons of rubble from the 1906 Earthquake, and 87,000 tons of hazardous waste, mostly soil contaminated by leaking fuel storage tanks. By 2003, Crissy Field was one of San Francisco&#039;s most popular parks. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Benicia-Arsenal-1850s-from-militarymuseum.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Benicia Barracks in the backgroound as well as a closer view of some of Benicia Arsenal buildings.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: National Archives Old Army and Navy Record Group. Courtesy of the Benicia Historical Museum, Benicia, California.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Benicia Arsenal, Solano County&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Benicia Arsenal, established in 1851, grew to about five square miles during World War II, when it stored bombs, artillery shells and chemical weapons. In the late 1950s, the Army surveyed the sprawling site and found live bombs and ammunition scattered in open fields. After removing the unexploded ordnance, the Army closed the base in 1962 and turned most of the land over to the city of Benicia. City officials, desperate to bring in new industry, were happy to get Exxon to build an oil refinery (in 1966) on the former base. Over the next 40 years, housing developments went up along the arsenal’s perimeter, and children played in fields with bombs just below the ground. One developer called the Concord Naval Weapons Station four times to remove or blow up bombs and ammunition found during excavations for new homes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1996, Benicia residents walking near their homes discovered abandoned ammunition and signal flares. The state Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) ordered developer Granite Management to stop building and search the property with metal detectors. The search turned up six pieces of unexploded ordnance. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Benicia-Arsenal-history.navy camel-stables.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Camel barns at the Benicia Arsenal, photographed in September 1967 by Aero Photographers of Sausalito, California.&#039;&#039;&#039; In the 1850s the U.S. Government brought dromedaries to the West for experimentation in logistics. Lieutenant Edward F. Beale, USN, used them in survey work. In November 1863 thirty-four of the animals were moved from southern California to the Naval Arsenal at Benicia, where they were sold at auction on 26 February 1864. This photograph shows the buildings in which they were kept.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Mare Island Naval Shipyard&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mare Island, the Bay Area’s first naval base, employed 35,000 people during World War II, building more than 400 ships. In the 1960s to 1990s, the shipyard serviced nuclear submarines. By the time the base closed in 1996, portions of its soil and groundwater were contaminated by hazardous wastes. One 70-acre parcel included a former trash landfill, an oil disposal yard, a lead-acid battery disposal area, and an industrial wastewater treatment plant. By 2005, with cleanup still underway, redevelopment had begun in clean areas, with the first new homes.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Mare-Island-drydock 20240622 203801936.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Mare Island drydock, 2024.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:An-aerial-view-of-naval-air-station-moffett-field-looking-northeast.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Aerial view of Moffet Field looking northeast.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: nara.getarchive.net&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Moffet Naval Air Station, Sunnyvale&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Moffett Field, established in 1933, was built on former farm fields and bayside marshes. The base had three on-site waste dumps. The first, used from 1933 to the late 1940s, is visible today as a low mound on a nearby golf course. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second, a five-acre landfill east of the main runway, received waste from the late 1940s to 1963. The third, a 22-acre landfill, north of the runway, accepted waste from 1963 through the mid-1970s. These two landfills were suspected of contaminating shallow groundwater with fuel, solvents, and PCBs. This groundwater was naturally salty and undrinkable, but in 1997, to prevent the spread of contaminated groundwater into the bay, contents of the second landfill were moved to the third and capped with layers of heavy plastic, clay, and soil. This landfill contains 423,000 cubic yards of waste. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, the Navy turned over the 3-square-mile facility to NASA, which runs the adjacent Ames Research Center. But the Navy continued cleaning up groundwater contaminated by leaking fuel storage tanks, and soil contaminated with toxic DDT, PCBs, and hydrocarbons. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Alameda Naval Air Station&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt bought 4.4 square miles of land for a Naval Air Station from the City of Alameda for the token sum of $1. At the time, most of this &amp;quot;land&amp;quot; was actually shallow bay waters and wetlands, filled by the Navy with sand and mud dredged from the bay over the next five years. The base was commissioned in 1940, and closed in 1996. By this time, it had 24 sites contaminated with metals, pesticides, fuels, and other toxics, including two 110-acre landfills. One site contained oily wastes dating back to the late 1800s from the Bay Area&#039;s first oil refinery. Cleanup work, funded by the Navy, continued for decades.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:31 alameda naval station CLUI.jpg|800px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Alameda Naval Air Station, early 2000s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Center for Land-Use Interpretation&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Hunters Point Naval Shipyard&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Located on a narrow peninsula at the southeast corner of San Francisco, the shipyard began as a [[Decommissioned: Navy Takes Notice 1908|private drydock]] in 1869. During World War I, Bethlehem Steel built ships there. The Navy bought the drydock and much of the peninsula in 1941, and during World War II quickly expanded the ship repair facility, bulldozing the hilly peninsula to add hundreds of acres of bay fill soon covered by streets, machine shops, and warehouses. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the war, Hunters Point was one of the nation&#039;s biggest military ports. In 1946, the Navy established the [[Decommissioned: Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory 1946-1969|Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory (NRDL)]] here, employing up to 600 people until its closure in 1969. In the late 1940s, the Navy sent 14 surplus ships contaminated with radiation from nuclear bomb tests to Hunters Point, where NRDL experimented with decontamination methods, such as sandblasting and acid. The lab also performed radiation experiments on thousands of live animals, including dogs, pigs, rats and mice. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some of the lab’s waste was dumped on the base, and some was stuffed into 55-gallon drums and dumped at sea near the Farallon Islands, including the irradiated animal carcasses. In one case, 125 tons of radioactive sandblast waste was sold to a construction contractor. In the 1960s, the shipyard had a 46-acre landfill that was receiving 40 tons of waste per day, including hazardous waste. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:HP-shipyards-and-all-of-SF-to-Marin-north-westerly-aerial-1957.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hunter&#039;s Point Naval Shipyards, 1957, jammed with ships.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Prelinger Archives&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the base closed in 1974, the Navy leased part of it to Triple A Machine Shops Inc., from 1976 until 1986. Triple A allegedly dumped toxic heavy metals and PCBs in the landfill. Groundwater was found to be contaminated with dissolved metals, petroleum byproducts, and other chemicals. In 1996 San Francisco District Attorney Terence Hallinan recovered $1.1 million in cleanup costs from Triple A.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2000, a federal judge ordered another shipyard tenant, Astoria Metals Corp., to stop dumping contaminated water in the bay. In August 2000 the landfill, though covered with soil, caught fire and smoldered for a month before the Navy extinguished it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
U.S. EPA added the base to its Superfund National Priorities List in 1989, but the Navy remained responsible for cleanup, spending $1.2 billion by 2024. In 2005, the Navy turned over a clean portion of the base to San Francisco for redevelopment. In 2018, two employees of a cleanup contractor hired by [[Navy’s Own Complicity in the Historic Eco-Fraud Scandal at Hunters Point|the Navy, Tetra Tech EC, were found to have falsified lab tests]] of soil samples. The Navy re-tested 1/3 of the areas originally tested by the contractor. By 2024, developer Lennar had built 582 condominiums in the clean area, known as Shipyard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Hamilton-Air-Base-main-gate.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hamilton Air Base main gate, 1950s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Hamilton Base Museum&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Hamilton Field&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Located on the San Pablo Bay shoreline north of San Rafael, Hamilton Field was dedicated as an Army air base in 1934, transforming a square mile of diked farmland known earlier as Marin Meadows. The Air Force closed it in 1974. For the next 20 years, its future was the subject of heated debate in Marin County. Hundreds of homes were built starting in the late 1990s, but some of them were plagued by gases migrating underground from the base&#039;s 15-acre trash landfill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The waste had high levels of toxic chemicals, including lead and other heavy metals, pesticides such as DDT, and fuel. To keep these toxics from migrating with rainfall percolating through the landfill, the Air Force installed a high-strength plastic cap on the landfill site in 1995. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2001, methane gas from the landfill had seeped underground to within 100 feet of a tract of new homes. If the gas got into a home, any spark could cause an explosion. Construction halted while the Air Force, under orders from the Regional Water Quality Control Board, installed a subterranean wall around the landfill, to keep the methane away from any buildings. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Concord Naval Weapons Station &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Concord Naval Weapons Station, a 20-square mile military arsenal, began operation at Port Chicago in late 1942, when the Navy invoked eminent domain to buy out the entire port town on Carquinez Strait and evict its 3,000 residents. During World War II, the port shipped about 100,000 tons of ammunition. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On July 17, 1944, in the war’s deadliest home-front disaster, two ships and a train filled with bombs and munitions exploded, killing 320 servicemen and injuring 390. The blast shattered windows 40 miles away at San Francisco’s St. Francis Hotel. Nearly all the men killed were African-American sailors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:PortChicagoAmmowork1943.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Black sailors handling live ammunition at Port Chicago, 1943.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Wikimedia&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Between 1942 and 1979, the Navy buried over 33,650 tons of trash, solvents, paints, and munitions in landfills on the base. The Navy&#039;s cleanup began in 1980, with the goal of preventing toxics from polluting groundwater outside the base. The U.S. EPA placed the base on its Superfund National Priorities List of toxic sites in 1994. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The base included salt marsh habitat for the endangered California clapper rail, and inland grasslands that supported about 600 cattle and a herd of 55 tule elk, introduced in 1976 by the state Department of Fish and Wildlife. In 1984, more than four square miles of wetlands adjoining Carquinez Strait were set aside as a wildlife refuge. The tule elk were removed in 2006. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1999 the port area, about 12 square miles, was leased to the U.S. Army and renamed Military Ocean Terminal Concord, while the Navy closed the 8-square-mile inland portion of the base. In 2019 the Navy transferred four square miles of rolling hills to the East Bay Regional Park District; in 2023 the city of Concord moved ahead with plans to redevelop the other four square miles with 13,000 new homes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Concord-Naval-Weapons-Depot-aerial-2006 68 big.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2006 aerial shot of Concord Naval Weapons depot.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Wikimedia&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Point Molate&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Point Molate, a hilly ridge on the East Bay shoreline between the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge and the Chevron Oil Refinery, is the site of a 290-acre Navy fuel depot with 24 buried concrete tanks that held more than 50 million gallons of fuel for the Navy&#039;s Pacific Fleet from World War II until it closed in 1995. The location was strategic: far enough inside the Golden Gate to be safe from naval attack, and adjacent to the Bay Area&#039;s largest oil refinery (Chevron).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cleanup of soil contaminated by leaks from the fuel tanks began in 1988 and took more than 20 years. In 2024, environmental groups were fighting the City of Richmond’s plan to redevelop the scenic shoreline with luxury homes, and instead make it a regional park.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:PointMolate-by-Scheinmore.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Point Molate.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Jack Scheinmore&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Travis Air Force Base &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Established in 1943, the nine-square-mile Travis Air Force Base, near Fairfield in Solano County, was still in use in 2024. From the 1940s through the 1970s, Travis had several toxic spill and disposal sites. Three landfills on the base accepted wastes from 1943 to 1977; one was a known source of water pollution by 1970. A jet fuel spill in 1978 killed all aquatic wildlife along two miles of Union Creek. A storm sewer system was found to contain chemical wastes flushed down drains from base workshops. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The U.S. EPA put the base on its Superfund National Priorities List for cleanup in 1989, and the Air Force began cleanup work in 1997.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Travis-AFB-photo-by-Heidi-Couch dvidshub.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Travis Air Force Base, c. 2010s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Heidi Couch, dvidshub.net&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:LLL postcard 9052008055 553e345b8e b.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Nuclear Sites&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2001, the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) published a national directory of sites used for nuclear weapons and radiation work in the 1940s through the 1990s, where people may have been exposed to radiation. Bay Area sites included Dow Chemical Co. in Walnut Creek, General Electric&#039;s Vallecitos nuclear facilities (see Electric Power Chapter), Stanford’s Linear Accelerator Center in Palo Alto, the Lawrence Berkeley Lab and the Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LBL and LLNL, both run by UC Berkeley). The most serious health threats were found at the Livermore Lab, which is on EPA&#039;s Superfund National Priorities List.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The LLNL’s primary function has been [[Raising the Stakes: Complete Disarmament|nuclear weapons research]]. It was first used as a Naval Air Station during World War II, then transferred to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (now part of DOE) in 1951.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the 1940s to the 1980s, the LLNL created, used and dumped a variety of hazardous materials, including radioactive wastes. In 1984, the California Department of Health services (CDHS) ordered LLNL to provide alternate water supplies to residents west of the facility, whose drinking water wells had been contaminated by carcinogenic chemicals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Within the site, fuels and radioactive tritium were found in groundwater. Cleanup operations removed soil contaminated with solvents, radioactive wastes, heavy metals, PCBs, and fuel. By 1997, LLNL had built five groundwater treatment plants, pumping contaminated water from beneath the site, vaporizing the contaminants, and pumping clean water back into the ground. This was expected to continue through at least 2030.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Llnl-aerial-07-2011 DoE.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Aerial view of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2011.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: U.S. Department of Energy&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:Parks]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Species]] [[category:Presidio]] [[category:Marin County]] [[category:East Bay]] [[category:South Bay and Peninsula]] [[category:Military]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:55:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:54:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[category:Theme]] [[category:Books]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:American-Genocide-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hastings College of Law Built on Genocide?|Hastings College of Law Built on Genocide?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [http://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300230697/american-genocide &#039;&#039;An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873&#039;&#039;] (Yale University Press: New Haven &amp;amp; London 2016)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:A-Negotiated-Landscape-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[A Waterfront Planned: The 1990s and the New Millennium|A Waterfront Planned: The 1990s and the New Millennium]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Embarcadero Reborn|The Embarcadero Reborn]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Waterfront Land Use Plan|The Waterfront Land Use Plan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Problems of Waterfront Planning|Problems of Waterfront Planning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[A Waterfront for the People?|A Waterfront for the People?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pages from this book [http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/N/bo12387078.html &#039;&#039;A Negotiated Landscape&#039;&#039;] © 2011 Jasper Rubin and the Center for American Places at Columbia College Chicago, are excerpted with permission.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:BART-cover-RGB-onlineuse.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Originally published in [https://heydaybooks.com/catalog/bart-the-dramatic-history-of-the-bay-area-rapid-transit-system/ &#039;&#039;BART: The Dramatic History of the Bay Area Rapid Transit System&#039;&#039; Heyday Books]: Berkeley CA, 2016&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Key System and March of Progress|Key System and March of Progress]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit Commission—The Beginnings|San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit Commission—The Beginnings]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Planning and Selling BART|Planning and Selling BART]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Building San Francisco&#039;s BART tunnels|Building San Francisco&#039;s BART tunnels]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Bump-city-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Bump City&#039;&#039; by John Krich (City Miner Books, Berkeley CA: 1979); &lt;br /&gt;
Originally a chapter in &#039;&#039;Bump City&#039;&#039; called “Captain Sal and the Age of Irony” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Incredible Bottom of the Ninth Comeback! The Oakland A’s Win Game 5 of the 1972 World Series|Incredible Bottom of the Ninth Comeback! The Oakland A’s Win Game 5 of the 1972 World Series]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Front-cover-web-resolution-72-dpi.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chinatown Vice|Chinatown Vice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Golden Dragon Restaurant Massacre|The Golden Dragon Restaurant Massacre]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Six Companies|The Six Companies]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;By Kevin J. Mullen, excerpted with permission from &amp;quot;Chinatown Squad&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Issel Church and State sm.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;From pages 1-6, the Introduction to [http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/2257_reg.html &#039;&#039;&#039;Church and State in the City: Catholics and Politics in Twentieth-Century San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;] by William Issel. Used by permission of Temple University Press. © 2013 by Temple University. All Rights Reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Catholic San Francisco: A City of Contests|Catholic San Francisco: A City of Contests]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:CGC-cover.jpg|200px|]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [http://bloomsbury.com/us/cool-gray-city-of-love-9781608199600/ Bloomsbury], from the book “Cool Gray City of Love” available here: [http://www.indiebound.org/book/9781608199600 IndieBound], [http://www.citylights.com/book/?GCOI=87286100740730 City Lights], [http://www.amazon.com/Cool-Gray-City-Love-Francisco/dp/1608199606/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1386633018&amp;amp;sr=1-1&amp;amp;keywords=cool+gray+city+of+love+49+views+of+san+francisco Amazon], and [http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/cool-gray-city-of-love-gary-kamiya/1114764186?ean=9781608199600 B&amp;amp;N].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Searching for the Yelamu in San Francisco|Searching for the Yelamu in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Western Addition: A Basic History|Western Addition: A Basic History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Copaganda-cover-288px.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Copyright © 2025 by Alec Karakatsanis. This excerpt originally appeared in [https://thenewpress.org/books/copaganda/ &#039;&#039;Copaganda: How Police and the Media Manipulate Our News&#039;&#039;], published by The New Press. Reprinted here with permission.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Copaganda: The Recall of DA Chesa Boudin|Copaganda: The Recall of DA Chesa Boudin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:labor1$waitresses$dishout_itm$dish-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/86dnq7dp9780252061868.html &#039;&#039;Dishing It Out: Waitresses and Their Unions in the Twentieth Century&#039;&#039;], by Dorothy Sue Cobble (1991: University of Illinois Press: Urbana and Chicago&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[WAITRESSES and UNIONS The Fruits of Solidarity|WAITRESSES and UNIONS The Fruits of Solidarity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Paulson cover 200px.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Excerpted from &#039;&#039;Forty Years of Making ‘Good Trouble’—The Selected Writings of a San Francisco Labor Leader&#039;&#039; © Tim Paulson, 2021&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First published in the U.S. by Senders Communications Group, 16501 Ventura Blvd. #400, Encino, CA 91436&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Labor and the San Francisco Universal Health Care Security Ordinance|Labor and the San Francisco Universal Health Care Security Ordinance]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco is Beautiful, Difficult — but still a Union City|San Francisco is Beautiful, Difficult — but still a Union City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SF Labor Council Helps Cruise Line Workers|SF Labor Council Helps Cruise Line Workers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Free-City-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Originally published as the Epilogue in &#039;&#039;[https://pmpress.org/index.php?l=product_detail&amp;amp;p=1141 Free City! The Fight for San Francisco&#039;s City College and Education for All]&#039;&#039; by PM Press, 2021&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[City College of SF: One Struggle Sets the Table for the Next|City College of SF: One Struggle Sets the Table for the Next]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;The following pages are not excerpted directly from this book, but are earlier versions that ended up after further revisions as chapters.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Education ‘Reform’ Meets Gentrification in San Francisco at City College|Education ‘Reform’ Meets Gentrification in San Francisco at City College]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[City College Faculty Fights for Fairness|City College Faculty Fights for Fairness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Development Pressure Engulfs City College|Development Pressure Engulfs City College]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Gods-hotel-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;from [http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/306891/gods-hotel-by-victoria-sweet/9781594486548 &#039;&#039;God&#039;s Hotel: A Doctor, A Hospital, and a Pilgrimage to the Heart of Medicine&#039;&#039;] by Victoria Sweet, copyright © 2012 by Victoria Sweet. Used by permission of Riverhead, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Laguna Honda Hospital|Laguna Honda Hospital]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Front cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Excerpted from &#039;&#039;[https://www.amazon.com/God-Squad-Born-Again-Francisco-Giants/dp/1631322079/ The God Squad: The Born-Again San Francisco Giants of 1978].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BOO! The Giants&#039; Johnnie LeMaster|BOO! The Giants&#039; Johnnie LeMaster]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dave Dravecky&#039;s Miraculous Comeback|Dave Dravecky&#039;s Miraculous Comeback]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The God Squad|The God Squad]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Jack Clark&#039;s Revenge on the Dodgers|Jack Clark&#039;s Revenge on the Dodgers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mike Ivie: The Miracle Man|Mike Ivie: The Miracle Man]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Baranski-Housing-City-by-the-Bay-Cover-288px.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted from [https://www.sup.org/books/history/housing-city-bay &#039;&#039;Housing the City by the Bay: Tenant Activism, Civil Rights, and Class Politics in San Francisco&#039;&#039;] by John Baranski, published by Stanford University Press. Used by permission. © Copyright 2019 by John Baranski. All rights reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Post-1906 Quake Housing Reform|Post-1906 Quake Housing Reform]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Burnham Plan and Tenement Housing|Burnham Plan and Tenement Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco Housing Association|San Francisco Housing Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Commission of Immigration and Housing|California Commission of Immigration and Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[World War I Housing Reform Effort|World War I Housing Reform Effort]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Segregated and Substandard Housing in the 1920s|Segregated and Substandard Housing in the 1920s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Housing Crisis Worsens at Start of Depression|Housing Crisis Worsens at Start of Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chinatown Tenants Win Public Housing Rent Strike|Chinatown Tenants Win Public Housing Rent Strike]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco Housing Authority and Mayor Moscone|San Francisco Housing Authority and Mayor Moscone]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority Tries to Buy I-Hotel|San Francisco Housing Authority Tries to Buy I-Hotel]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority and CANE|San Francisco Housing Authority and CANE]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority in the 1970s|San Francisco Housing Authority in the 1970s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Neoliberalism Dismantles Public Housing|Neoliberalism Dismantles Public Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SF Housing Authority Copes With Neoliberalism|SF Housing Authority Copes With Neoliberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Homelessness Surges in Wake of Neoliberalism|Homelessness Surges in Wake of Neoliberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Pink Palace Controversy|Pink Palace Controversy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Public Housing Tenant Movement Fractures|Public Housing Tenant Movement Fractures]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Safety Net Torn Up by Government|Safety Net Torn Up by Government]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Industrial-Cowboys-cover.jpg|200px|]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;This excerpt from [https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520245341/industrial-cowboys &#039;&#039;Industrial Cowboys Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Transformation of the Far West, 1850-1920&#039;&#039;] is used with permission. © David Igler, University of California Press: 2001&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Dirty Plate Route|Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Dirty Plate Route]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Latinos-at-the-golden-gate-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;excerpted from &#039;&#039;&#039;[http://www.uncpress.unc.edu/browse/book_detail?title_id=3444 Latinos at the Golden Gate: Creating Community and Identity in San Francisco]&#039;&#039;&#039;, by Tomás F. Summers Sandoval Jr., Copyright © 2013 by the [http://www.uncpress.unc.edu University of North Carolina Press]. Used by permission  of the publisher.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Midcentury Migrations|Midcentury Migrations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Tributary to San Francisco|Tributary to San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Lee-Felsenstein-book-cover 200px.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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Excerpted with permission from: &#039;&#039;Me and My Big Ideas: Counterculture, Social Media, and the Future&#039;&#039; by Lee Felsenstein published by [https://www.FelsenSigns.com FelsenSigns]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Free Speech Movement 1964|Free Speech Movement 1964]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Working at Ampex|Working at Ampex]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Berkeley Barb and People&#039;s Park|Berkeley Barb and People&#039;s Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Founding of Ohlone Park|Founding of Ohlone Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Resource One|Resource One]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Installing a Mainframe at Project One|Installing a Mainframe at Project One]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Community Memory: The Beginning|Community Memory: The Beginning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Community Memory Evolves|Community Memory Evolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Homebrew Computer Club|Homebrew Computer Club]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Reflections on the End of Community Memory|Reflections on the End of Community Memory]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Craigslist|Craigslist]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Karl-book-2258 reg.gif]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Mission Anti-Displacement Coalition|Mission Anti-Displacement Coalition]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Rezoning the Eastern Neighborhoods in Early 2000s|Rezoning the Eastern Neighborhoods in Early 2000s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpts from [http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/2258_reg.html &#039;&#039;&#039;Local Protest, Global Movements: Capital, Community, and State In San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;] by Karl Beitel. Used by permission of Temple University Press. © 2013 by Temple University. All Rights Reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Berglund-Making-San-Francisco-American-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Exerpts from [https://kuecprd.ku.edu/~upress/cgi-bin/award-winners/978-0-7006-1722-7.html &#039;&#039;Making San Francisco American: Cultural Frontiers in the Urban West, 1846-1906&#039;&#039;] by Barbara Berglund (University Press of Kansas: Lawrence KS 2007)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: An Orientalist Exposition|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: An Orientalist Exposition]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: ’49 Mining Camp glorifies Gold Rush Fantasies|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: ’49 Mining Camp glorifies Gold Rush Fantasies]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Women’s Work and Vice|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Women’s Work and Vice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Depression and Poverty|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Depression and Poverty]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Medicine of Memoroy 9780292752672.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [https://utpress.utexas.edu/9780292752672/the-medicine-of-memory/| &#039;&#039;The Medicine of Memory&#039;&#039;] by Alejandro Murguía, published by the University of Texas Press, 2002.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The &amp;quot;Good Old Mission Days&amp;quot; Never Existed!|The &amp;quot;Good Old Mission Days&amp;quot; Never Existed!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Mission-High-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from &#039;&#039;Mission High: One School, How Experts Tried to Fail It, and the Students and Teachers Who Made It Triumph&#039;&#039;, [https://www.boldtypebooks.com/titles/kristina-rizga/mission-high/9781568584621/ Bold Type Books]: 2015&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mission High School’s Innovative Anti-Racist Teaching|Mission High School’s Innovative Anti-Racist Teaching]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Desegregating San Francisco Public Schools in the 1960s|Desegregating San Francisco Public Schools in the 1960s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:More Than Shelter cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority 1937-1965: The Early Decades|San Francisco Housing Authority 1937-1965: The Early Decades]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from [https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/more-than-shelter &#039;&#039;More than Shelter: Activism and Community in San Francisco Public Housing&#039;&#039;] by Amy L. Howard. Used by permission of the University of Minnesota Press. © Copyright 2014 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Neon-Girls-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Strip-Club Business: A Brief History|Strip-Club Business: A Brief History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by Jennifer Worley, excerpted from [https://www.harpercollins.com/products/neon-girls-jennifer-worley?variant=32206140571682 &#039;&#039;Neon Girls: A Stripper&#039;s Education in Protest and Power&#039;&#039;] HarperCollins Books: 2020,&#039;&#039; a first-hand account of the epic union organizing campaign at the Lusty Lady Club in North Beach.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nanette-Jordan-Book-Cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Originally published in [https://www.amazon.com/Painting-Paintings-gilded-memoir-Revised/dp/B09TRLHBR2/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=&amp;amp;sr= &#039;&#039;Painting on Paintings: A Gilded Memoir&#039;&#039;], &#039;&#039;2022. Excerpted with Nanette Jordan&#039;s permission. &#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Sutro Baths Eerie Ice Rink|Sutro Baths Eerie Ice Rink]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Playland is a Nightmare|Playland is a Nightmare]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Abalone Boom and Bust|Abalone Boom and Bust]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bay Area Military Bases|Bay Area Military Bases]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Borax King and Key System in East Bay|Borax King and Key System in East Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chinese Shrimp Camps Along The Bay|Chinese Shrimp Camps Along The Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[David Hewes and His Steam Paddy Works|David Hewes and His Steam Paddy Works]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Edgar and Peggy Wayburn, Phillip Burton Saved Vast Lands|Edgar and Peggy Wayburn, Phillip Burton Saved Vast Lands]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Filling The Bay Along San Francisco’s Southern Waterfront|Filling The Bay Along San Francisco’s Southern Waterfront]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mercury Mining|Mercury Mining]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution|Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Restoring Natural Areas in San Francisco|Restoring Natural Areas in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston|Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco&#039;s Drinking Water|San Francisco&#039;s Drinking Water]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco&#039;s Garbage: From Mission Bay to Altamont|San Francisco&#039;s Garbage: From Mission Bay to Altamont]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s|San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Saving Richardson Bay; Harold Gilliam Sounds the Alarm 1955-58|Saving Richardson Bay; Harold Gilliam Sounds the Alarm 1955-58]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[When Crab Was King at Fisherman’s Wharf|When Crab Was King at Fisherman’s Wharf]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Secret-Ugly-full-cover 6-inches.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted from &#039;&#039;The Secret Ugly: The Hidden History of US Germ War in Korea&#039;&#039; by Thomas Powell, [mailto:edgewatereditions@gmail.com Edgewater Editions]: 2023.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[War in Korea|War in Korea]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Powell/Schuman Sedition Trial|Powell/Schuman Sedition Trial]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bill Powell Exposes Post-WWII US-Japan Germ War Deal|Bill Powell Exposes Post-WWII US-Japan Germ War Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Growing Up ‘Red’ in 1950s San Francisco|Growing Up ‘Red’ in 1950s San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Sixth-star-cover-72-dpi-4x5.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Sixth Star book cover&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Sixth Star|The Sixth Star]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Women&#039;s Suffrage 1870|Women&#039;s Suffrage 1870]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ellen Clark Sargent|Ellen Clark Sargent]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Emily Pitts Stevens|Emily Pitts Stevens]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Women’s Co-operative Printing Union|Women’s Co-operative Printing Union]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[West Coast Women&#039;s Congress Association|West Coast Women&#039;s Congress Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Suffragettes Gather|Suffragettes Gather]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Sarah B. Cooper|Sarah B. Cooper]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Bifurcated Skirt|The Bifurcated Skirt]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[First California Women in Law|First California Women in Law]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Nellie Holbrook Blinn|Nellie Holbrook Blinn]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Elizabeth Lowe Watson|Elizabeth Lowe Watson]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Championing the Working Woman|Championing the Working Woman]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Coyote sleeping-where-I-fall-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from &amp;quot;Sleeping Where I Fall&amp;quot; by [http://www.petercoyote.com/sleeping.html Peter Coyote], published by Counterpoint, Washington, D.C., 1998&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Digger Concept of &#039;Free&#039;|The Digger Concept of &#039;Free&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Street fight 9781613762608.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Second Freeway Revolt|Second Freeway Revolt]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Conservative Fight to Save Central Freeway|Conservative Fight to Save Central Freeway]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dueling Ballots: The Central Freeway’s Fate|Dueling Ballots: The Central Freeway’s Fate]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These articles are excerpted, with permission, from Henderson&#039;s book [http://www.umass.edu/umpress/title/street-fight &#039;&#039;Street Fight: The Politics of Mobility in San Francisco&#039;&#039;], © 2013&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Streetopia cover 9780692424285.jpg|200px|left]] &#039;&#039;Excerpts from [https://www.ericadawnlyle.info/streetopiabook &#039;&#039;Streetopia&#039;&#039;], in the essay &amp;quot;The Uses of Market Street&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Redevelopment vs. Ecotopia|Redevelopment vs. Ecotopia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Singularity?|San Francisco Singularity?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Uses of Market Street|Uses of Market Street]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Problem with Parklets|Problem with Parklets]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Roxanas Children book cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Yankee Women|Yankee Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from &#039;&#039;Roxana&#039;s Children: The Biography of a Nineteenth-Century Vermont Family&#039;&#039; by Lynn A. Bonfield and Mary C. Morrison (Amherst: © 1995, University of Massachusetts Press)&#039;&#039;.&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Bay_Area_Military_Bases&amp;diff=39140</id>
		<title>Bay Area Military Bases</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Bay_Area_Military_Bases&amp;diff=39140"/>
		<updated>2026-05-27T05:53:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a survey of former and current military bases around the San Francisco Bay, but is not a full list of all such sites.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Presidio Crissy Field December 1955 opensfhistory wnp25.7013.jpg|800px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Presidio&#039;s Crissy Field, December 1955.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: OpenSFHistory.org wnp25.7013&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Presidio of San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As a U.S. Army base from 1846 until 1994, the two-square-mile Presidio had a tidal lagoon that was partially filled with trash in the late 1880s to 1912. By 1913, the remaining tidelands were filled with dredged mud from the bay, and converted to a military airfield, Crissy Field, in 1919-1921. The Army later paved 70 acres of Crissy Field for an asphalt runway. The airfield closed in 1974, but the asphalt remained. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before turning the Presidio over to the National Park Service in 1994, the Army mapped dozens of dump sites and areas with soil or groundwater contaminated by fuel leaks or hazardous waste. The base had been dumping all its waste within the Presidio until the 1970s. Cleanup efforts funded by the Army were underway throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, and completed by 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The historic Crissy Field trash dump was carefully exhumed by archeologists in 1999, who turned up over 80,000 artifacts. To [[Crissy Field restored|restore the lagoon]], workers removed 230,000 cubic yards of material, including 15,000 tons of rubble from the 1906 Earthquake, and 87,000 tons of hazardous waste, mostly soil contaminated by leaking fuel storage tanks. By 2003, Crissy Field was one of San Francisco&#039;s most popular parks. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Benicia-Arsenal-1850s-from-militarymuseum.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Benicia Barracks in the backgroound as well as a closer view of some of Benicia Arsenal buildings.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: National Archives Old Army and Navy Record Group. Courtesy of the Benicia Historical Museum, Benicia, California.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Benicia Arsenal, Solano County&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Benicia Arsenal, established in 1851, grew to about five square miles during World War II, when it stored bombs, artillery shells and chemical weapons. In the late 1950s, the Army surveyed the sprawling site and found live bombs and ammunition scattered in open fields. After removing the unexploded ordnance, the Army closed the base in 1962 and turned most of the land over to the city of Benicia. City officials, desperate to bring in new industry, were happy to get Exxon to build an oil refinery (in 1966) on the former base. Over the next 40 years, housing developments went up along the arsenal’s perimeter, and children played in fields with bombs just below the ground. One developer called the Concord Naval Weapons Station four times to remove or blow up bombs and ammunition found during excavations for new homes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1996, Benicia residents walking near their homes discovered abandoned ammunition and signal flares. The state Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) ordered developer Granite Management to stop building and search the property with metal detectors. The search turned up six pieces of unexploded ordnance. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Benicia-Arsenal-history.navy camel-stables.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Camel barns at the Benicia Arsenal, photographed in September 1967 by Aero Photographers of Sausalito, California.&#039;&#039;&#039; In the 1850s the U.S. Government brought dromedaries to the West for experimentation in logistics. Lieutenant Edward F. Beale, USN, used them in survey work. In November 1863 thirty-four of the animals were moved from southern California to the Naval Arsenal at Benicia, where they were sold at auction on 26 February 1864. This photograph shows the buildings in which they were kept.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Mare Island Naval Shipyard&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Mare Island, the Bay Area’s first naval base, employed 35,000 people during World War II, building more than 400 ships. In the 1960s to 1990s, the shipyard serviced nuclear submarines. By the time the base closed in 1996, portions of its soil and groundwater were contaminated by hazardous wastes. One 70-acre parcel included a former trash landfill, an oil disposal yard, a lead-acid battery disposal area, and an industrial wastewater treatment plant. By 2005, with cleanup still underway, redevelopment had begun in clean areas, with the first new homes.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Mare-Island-drydock 20240622 203801936.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Mare Island drydock, 2024.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:An-aerial-view-of-naval-air-station-moffett-field-looking-northeast.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Aerial view of Moffet Field looking northeast.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: nara.getarchive.net&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Moffet Naval Air Station, Sunnyvale&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Moffett Field, established in 1933, was built on former farm fields and bayside marshes. The base had three on-site waste dumps. The first, used from 1933 to the late 1940s, is visible today as a low mound on a nearby golf course. &lt;br /&gt;
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The second, a five-acre landfill east of the main runway, received waste from the late 1940s to 1963. The third, a 22-acre landfill, north of the runway, accepted waste from 1963 through the mid-1970s. These two landfills were suspected of contaminating shallow groundwater with fuel, solvents, and PCBs. This groundwater was naturally salty and undrinkable, but in 1997, to prevent the spread of contaminated groundwater into the bay, contents of the second landfill were moved to the third and capped with layers of heavy plastic, clay, and soil. This landfill contains 423,000 cubic yards of waste. &lt;br /&gt;
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In the 1990s, the Navy turned over the 3-square-mile facility to NASA, which runs the adjacent Ames Research Center. But the Navy continued cleaning up groundwater contaminated by leaking fuel storage tanks, and soil contaminated with toxic DDT, PCBs, and hydrocarbons. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Alameda Naval Air Station&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt bought 4.4 square miles of land for a Naval Air Station from the City of Alameda for the token sum of $1. At the time, most of this &amp;quot;land&amp;quot; was actually shallow bay waters and wetlands, filled by the Navy with sand and mud dredged from the bay over the next five years. The base was commissioned in 1940, and closed in 1996. By this time, it had 24 sites contaminated with metals, pesticides, fuels, and other toxics, including two 110-acre landfills. One site contained oily wastes dating back to the late 1800s from the Bay Area&#039;s first oil refinery. Cleanup work, funded by the Navy, continued for decades.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:31 alameda naval station CLUI.jpg|800px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Alameda Naval Air Station, early 2000s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Center for Land-Use Interpretation&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Hunters Point Naval Shipyard&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Located on a narrow peninsula at the southeast corner of San Francisco, the shipyard began as a [[Decommissioned: Navy Takes Notice 1908|private drydock]] in 1869. During World War I, Bethlehem Steel built ships there. The Navy bought the drydock and much of the peninsula in 1941, and during World War II quickly expanded the ship repair facility, bulldozing the hilly peninsula to add hundreds of acres of bay fill soon covered by streets, machine shops, and warehouses. &lt;br /&gt;
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During the war, Hunters Point was one of the nation&#039;s biggest military ports. In 1946, the Navy established the [[Decommissioned: Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory 1946-1969|Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory (NRDL)]] here, employing up to 600 people until its closure in 1969. In the late 1940s, the Navy sent 14 surplus ships contaminated with radiation from nuclear bomb tests to Hunters Point, where NRDL experimented with decontamination methods, such as sandblasting and acid. The lab also performed radiation experiments on thousands of live animals, including dogs, pigs, rats and mice. &lt;br /&gt;
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Some of the lab’s waste was dumped on the base, and some was stuffed into 55-gallon drums and dumped at sea near the Farallon Islands, including the irradiated animal carcasses. In one case, 125 tons of radioactive sandblast waste was sold to a construction contractor. In the 1960s, the shipyard had a 46-acre landfill that was receiving 40 tons of waste per day, including hazardous waste. &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:HP-shipyards-and-all-of-SF-to-Marin-north-westerly-aerial-1957.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Hunter&#039;s Point Naval Shipyards, 1957, jammed with ships.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Prelinger Archives&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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After the base closed in 1974, the Navy leased part of it to Triple A Machine Shops Inc., from 1976 until 1986. Triple A allegedly dumped toxic heavy metals and PCBs in the landfill. Groundwater was found to be contaminated with dissolved metals, petroleum byproducts, and other chemicals. In 1996 San Francisco District Attorney Terence Hallinan recovered $1.1 million in cleanup costs from Triple A.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 2000, a federal judge ordered another shipyard tenant, Astoria Metals Corp., to stop dumping contaminated water in the bay. In August 2000 the landfill, though covered with soil, caught fire and smoldered for a month before the Navy extinguished it.&lt;br /&gt;
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U.S. EPA added the base to its Superfund National Priorities List in 1989, but the Navy remained responsible for cleanup, spending $1.2 billion by 2024. In 2005, the Navy turned over a clean portion of the base to San Francisco for redevelopment. In 2018, two employees of a cleanup contractor hired by [[Navy’s Own Complicity in the Historic Eco-Fraud Scandal at Hunters Point|the Navy, Tetra Tech EC, were found to have falsified lab tests]] of soil samples. The Navy re-tested 1/3 of the areas originally tested by the contractor. By 2024, developer Lennar had built 582 condominiums in the clean area, known as Shipyard. &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Hamilton-Air-Base-main-gate.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Hamilton Air Base main gate, 1950s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Hamilton Base Museum&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Hamilton Field&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Located on the San Pablo Bay shoreline north of San Rafael, Hamilton Field was dedicated as an Army air base in 1934, transforming a square mile of diked farmland known earlier as Marin Meadows. The Air Force closed it in 1974. For the next 20 years, its future was the subject of heated debate in Marin County. Hundreds of homes were built starting in the late 1990s, but some of them were plagued by gases migrating underground from the base&#039;s 15-acre trash landfill.&lt;br /&gt;
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The waste had high levels of toxic chemicals, including lead and other heavy metals, pesticides such as DDT, and fuel. To keep these toxics from migrating with rainfall percolating through the landfill, the Air Force installed a high-strength plastic cap on the landfill site in 1995. &lt;br /&gt;
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In 2001, methane gas from the landfill had seeped underground to within 100 feet of a tract of new homes. If the gas got into a home, any spark could cause an explosion. Construction halted while the Air Force, under orders from the Regional Water Quality Control Board, installed a subterranean wall around the landfill, to keep the methane away from any buildings. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Concord Naval Weapons Station &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The Concord Naval Weapons Station, a 20-square mile military arsenal, began operation at Port Chicago in late 1942, when the Navy invoked eminent domain to buy out the entire port town on Carquinez Strait and evict its 3,000 residents. During World War II, the port shipped about 100,000 tons of ammunition. &lt;br /&gt;
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On July 17, 1944, in the war’s deadliest home-front disaster, two ships and a train filled with bombs and munitions exploded, killing 320 servicemen and injuring 390. The blast shattered windows 40 miles away at San Francisco’s St. Francis Hotel. Nearly all the men killed were African-American sailors.&lt;br /&gt;
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Between 1942 and 1979, the Navy buried over 33,650 tons of trash, solvents, paints, and munitions in landfills on the base. The Navy&#039;s cleanup began in 1980, with the goal of preventing toxics from polluting groundwater outside the base. The U.S. EPA placed the base on its Superfund National Priorities List of toxic sites in 1994. &lt;br /&gt;
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The base included salt marsh habitat for the endangered California clapper rail, and inland grasslands that supported about 600 cattle and a herd of 55 tule elk, introduced in 1976 by the state Department of Fish and Wildlife. In 1984, more than four square miles of wetlands adjoining Carquinez Strait were set aside as a wildlife refuge. The tule elk were removed in 2006. &lt;br /&gt;
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In 1999 the port area, about 12 square miles, was leased to the U.S. Army and renamed Military Ocean Terminal Concord, while the Navy closed the 8-square-mile inland portion of the base. In 2019 the Navy transferred four square miles of rolling hills to the East Bay Regional Park District; in 2023 the city of Concord moved ahead with plans to redevelop the other four square miles with 13,000 new homes. &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Concord-Naval-Weapons-Depot-aerial-2006 68 big.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;2006 aerial shot of Concord Naval Weapons depot.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Wikimedia&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Point Molate&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Point Molate, a hilly ridge on the East Bay shoreline between the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge and the Chevron Oil Refinery, is the site of a 290-acre Navy fuel depot with 24 buried concrete tanks that held more than 50 million gallons of fuel for the Navy&#039;s Pacific Fleet from World War II until it closed in 1995. The location was strategic: far enough inside the Golden Gate to be safe from naval attack, and adjacent to the Bay Area&#039;s largest oil refinery (Chevron).&lt;br /&gt;
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Cleanup of soil contaminated by leaks from the fuel tanks began in 1988 and took more than 20 years. In 2024, environmental groups were fighting the City of Richmond’s plan to redevelop the scenic shoreline with luxury homes, and instead make it a regional park.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:PointMolate-by-Scheinmore.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Point Molate.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Jack Scheinmore&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Travis Air Force Base &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Established in 1943, the nine-square-mile Travis Air Force Base, near Fairfield in Solano County, was still in use in 2024. From the 1940s through the 1970s, Travis had several toxic spill and disposal sites. Three landfills on the base accepted wastes from 1943 to 1977; one was a known source of water pollution by 1970. A jet fuel spill in 1978 killed all aquatic wildlife along two miles of Union Creek. A storm sewer system was found to contain chemical wastes flushed down drains from base workshops. &lt;br /&gt;
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The U.S. EPA put the base on its Superfund National Priorities List for cleanup in 1989, and the Air Force began cleanup work in 1997.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Travis-AFB-photo-by-Heidi-Couch dvidshub.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Travis Air Force Base, c. 2010s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Heidi Couch, dvidshub.net&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:LLL postcard 9052008055 553e345b8e b.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Nuclear Sites&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In 2001, the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) published a national directory of sites used for nuclear weapons and radiation work in the 1940s through the 1990s, where people may have been exposed to radiation. Bay Area sites included Dow Chemical Co. in Walnut Creek, General Electric&#039;s Vallecitos nuclear facilities (see Electric Power Chapter), Stanford’s Linear Accelerator Center in Palo Alto, the Lawrence Berkeley Lab and the Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LBL and LLNL, both run by UC Berkeley). The most serious health threats were found at the Livermore Lab, which is on EPA&#039;s Superfund National Priorities List.&lt;br /&gt;
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The LLNL’s primary function has been [[Raising the Stakes: Complete Disarmament|nuclear weapons research]]. It was first used as a Naval Air Station during World War II, then transferred to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (now part of DOE) in 1951.&lt;br /&gt;
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From the 1940s to the 1980s, the LLNL created, used and dumped a variety of hazardous materials, including radioactive wastes. In 1984, the California Department of Health services (CDHS) ordered LLNL to provide alternate water supplies to residents west of the facility, whose drinking water wells had been contaminated by carcinogenic chemicals.&lt;br /&gt;
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Within the site, fuels and radioactive tritium were found in groundwater. Cleanup operations removed soil contaminated with solvents, radioactive wastes, heavy metals, PCBs, and fuel. By 1997, LLNL had built five groundwater treatment plants, pumping contaminated water from beneath the site, vaporizing the contaminants, and pumping clean water back into the ground. This was expected to continue through at least 2030.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Llnl-aerial-07-2011 DoE.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Aerial view of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2011.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: U.S. Department of Energy&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[category:Ecology]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:Parks]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Species]] [[category:Presidio]] [[category:Marin County]] [[category:East Bay]] [[category:South Bay and Peninsula]] [[category:Military]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Bay_Area_Military_Bases&amp;diff=39139</id>
		<title>Bay Area Military Bases</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Bay_Area_Military_Bases&amp;diff=39139"/>
		<updated>2026-05-27T05:52:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &amp;#039;&amp;#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&amp;#039;&amp;#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).  This is a survey of former and current military bases around the San Francisco Bay, but is not a full list of all such sites.   Image:Presidio Cris...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
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This is a survey of former and current military bases around the San Francisco Bay, but is not a full list of all such sites.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Presidio Crissy Field December 1955 opensfhistory wnp25.7013.jpg|800px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Presidio&#039;s Crissy Field, December 1955.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: OpenSFHistory.org wnp25.7013&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Presidio of San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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As a U.S. Army base from 1846 until 1994, the two-square-mile Presidio had a tidal lagoon that was partially filled with trash in the late 1880s to 1912. By 1913, the remaining tidelands were filled with dredged mud from the bay, and converted to a military airfield, Crissy Field, in 1919-1921. The Army later paved 70 acres of Crissy Field for an asphalt runway. The airfield closed in 1974, but the asphalt remained. &lt;br /&gt;
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Before turning the Presidio over to the National Park Service in 1994, the Army mapped dozens of dump sites and areas with soil or groundwater contaminated by fuel leaks or hazardous waste. The base had been dumping all its waste within the Presidio until the 1970s. Cleanup efforts funded by the Army were underway throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, and completed by 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
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The historic Crissy Field trash dump was carefully exhumed by archeologists in 1999, who turned up over 80,000 artifacts. To [[Crissy Field restored|restore the lagoon]], workers removed 230,000 cubic yards of material, including 15,000 tons of rubble from the 1906 Earthquake, and 87,000 tons of hazardous waste, mostly soil contaminated by leaking fuel storage tanks. By 2003, Crissy Field was one of San Francisco&#039;s most popular parks. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Benicia-Arsenal-1850s-from-militarymuseum.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Benicia Barracks in the backgroound as well as a closer view of some of Benicia Arsenal buildings.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: National Archives Old Army and Navy Record Group. Courtesy of the Benicia Historical Museum, Benicia, California.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Benicia Arsenal, Solano County&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The Benicia Arsenal, established in 1851, grew to about five square miles during World War II, when it stored bombs, artillery shells and chemical weapons. In the late 1950s, the Army surveyed the sprawling site and found live bombs and ammunition scattered in open fields. After removing the unexploded ordnance, the Army closed the base in 1962 and turned most of the land over to the city of Benicia. City officials, desperate to bring in new industry, were happy to get Exxon to build an oil refinery (in 1966) on the former base. Over the next 40 years, housing developments went up along the arsenal’s perimeter, and children played in fields with bombs just below the ground. One developer called the Concord Naval Weapons Station four times to remove or blow up bombs and ammunition found during excavations for new homes.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1996, Benicia residents walking near their homes discovered abandoned ammunition and signal flares. The state Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) ordered developer Granite Management to stop building and search the property with metal detectors. The search turned up six pieces of unexploded ordnance. &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Benicia-Arsenal-history.navy camel-stables.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Camel barns at the Benicia Arsenal, photographed in September 1967 by Aero Photographers of Sausalito, California.&#039;&#039;&#039; In the 1850s the U.S. Government brought dromedaries to the West for experimentation in logistics. Lieutenant Edward F. Beale, USN, used them in survey work. In November 1863 thirty-four of the animals were moved from southern California to the Naval Arsenal at Benicia, where they were sold at auction on 26 February 1864. This photograph shows the buildings in which they were kept.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Mare Island Naval Shipyard&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Mare Island, the Bay Area’s first naval base, employed 35,000 people during World War II, building more than 400 ships. In the 1960s to 1990s, the shipyard serviced nuclear submarines. By the time the base closed in 1996, portions of its soil and groundwater were contaminated by hazardous wastes. One 70-acre parcel included a former trash landfill, an oil disposal yard, a lead-acid battery disposal area, and an industrial wastewater treatment plant. By 2005, with cleanup still underway, redevelopment had begun in clean areas, with the first new homes.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Mare-Island-drydock 20240622 203801936.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Mare Island drydock, 2024.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:An-aerial-view-of-naval-air-station-moffett-field-looking-northeast.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Aerial view of Moffet Field looking northeast.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: nara.getarchive.net&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Moffet Naval Air Station, Sunnyvale&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Moffett Field, established in 1933, was built on former farm fields and bayside marshes. The base had three on-site waste dumps. The first, used from 1933 to the late 1940s, is visible today as a low mound on a nearby golf course. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second, a five-acre landfill east of the main runway, received waste from the late 1940s to 1963. The third, a 22-acre landfill, north of the runway, accepted waste from 1963 through the mid-1970s. These two landfills were suspected of contaminating shallow groundwater with fuel, solvents, and PCBs. This groundwater was naturally salty and undrinkable, but in 1997, to prevent the spread of contaminated groundwater into the bay, contents of the second landfill were moved to the third and capped with layers of heavy plastic, clay, and soil. This landfill contains 423,000 cubic yards of waste. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, the Navy turned over the 3-square-mile facility to NASA, which runs the adjacent Ames Research Center. But the Navy continued cleaning up groundwater contaminated by leaking fuel storage tanks, and soil contaminated with toxic DDT, PCBs, and hydrocarbons. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Alameda Naval Air Station&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt bought 4.4 square miles of land for a Naval Air Station from the City of Alameda for the token sum of $1. At the time, most of this &amp;quot;land&amp;quot; was actually shallow bay waters and wetlands, filled by the Navy with sand and mud dredged from the bay over the next five years. The base was commissioned in 1940, and closed in 1996. By this time, it had 24 sites contaminated with metals, pesticides, fuels, and other toxics, including two 110-acre landfills. One site contained oily wastes dating back to the late 1800s from the Bay Area&#039;s first oil refinery. Cleanup work, funded by the Navy, continued for decades.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:31 alameda naval station CLUI.jpg|800px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Alameda Naval Air Station, early 2000s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Center for Land-Use Interpretation&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Hunters Point Naval Shipyard&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Located on a narrow peninsula at the southeast corner of San Francisco, the shipyard began as a [[Decommissioned: Navy Takes Notice 1908|private drydock]] in 1869. During World War I, Bethlehem Steel built ships there. The Navy bought the drydock and much of the peninsula in 1941, and during World War II quickly expanded the ship repair facility, bulldozing the hilly peninsula to add hundreds of acres of bay fill soon covered by streets, machine shops, and warehouses. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the war, Hunters Point was one of the nation&#039;s biggest military ports. In 1946, the Navy established the [[Decommissioned: Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory 1946-1969|Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory (NRDL)]] here, employing up to 600 people until its closure in 1969. In the late 1940s, the Navy sent 14 surplus ships contaminated with radiation from nuclear bomb tests to Hunters Point, where NRDL experimented with decontamination methods, such as sandblasting and acid. The lab also performed radiation experiments on thousands of live animals, including dogs, pigs, rats and mice. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some of the lab’s waste was dumped on the base, and some was stuffed into 55-gallon drums and dumped at sea near the Farallon Islands, including the irradiated animal carcasses. In one case, 125 tons of radioactive sandblast waste was sold to a construction contractor. In the 1960s, the shipyard had a 46-acre landfill that was receiving 40 tons of waste per day, including hazardous waste. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:HP-shipyards-and-all-of-SF-to-Marin-north-westerly-aerial-1957.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hunter&#039;s Point Naval Shipyards, 1957, jammed with ships.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Prelinger Archives&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the base closed in 1974, the Navy leased part of it to Triple A Machine Shops Inc., from 1976 until 1986. Triple A allegedly dumped toxic heavy metals and PCBs in the landfill. Groundwater was found to be contaminated with dissolved metals, petroleum byproducts, and other chemicals. In 1996 San Francisco District Attorney Terence Hallinan recovered $1.1 million in cleanup costs from Triple A.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2000, a federal judge ordered another shipyard tenant, Astoria Metals Corp., to stop dumping contaminated water in the bay. In August 2000 the landfill, though covered with soil, caught fire and smoldered for a month before the Navy extinguished it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
U.S. EPA added the base to its Superfund National Priorities List in 1989, but the Navy remained responsible for cleanup, spending $1.2 billion by 2024. In 2005, the Navy turned over a clean portion of the base to San Francisco for redevelopment. In 2018, two employees of a cleanup contractor hired by [[Navy’s Own Complicity in the Historic Eco-Fraud Scandal at Hunters Point|the Navy, Tetra Tech EC, were found to have falsified lab tests]] of soil samples. The Navy re-tested 1/3 of the areas originally tested by the contractor. By 2024, developer Lennar had built 582 condominiums in the clean area, known as Shipyard. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Hamilton-Air-Base-main-gate.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hamilton Air Base main gate, 1950s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Hamilton Base Museum&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Hamilton Field&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Located on the San Pablo Bay shoreline north of San Rafael, Hamilton Field was dedicated as an Army air base in 1934, transforming a square mile of diked farmland known earlier as Marin Meadows. The Air Force closed it in 1974. For the next 20 years, its future was the subject of heated debate in Marin County. Hundreds of homes were built starting in the late 1990s, but some of them were plagued by gases migrating underground from the base&#039;s 15-acre trash landfill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The waste had high levels of toxic chemicals, including lead and other heavy metals, pesticides such as DDT, and fuel. To keep these toxics from migrating with rainfall percolating through the landfill, the Air Force installed a high-strength plastic cap on the landfill site in 1995. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2001, methane gas from the landfill had seeped underground to within 100 feet of a tract of new homes. If the gas got into a home, any spark could cause an explosion. Construction halted while the Air Force, under orders from the Regional Water Quality Control Board, installed a subterranean wall around the landfill, to keep the methane away from any buildings. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Concord Naval Weapons Station &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Concord Naval Weapons Station, a 20-square mile military arsenal, began operation at Port Chicago in late 1942, when the Navy invoked eminent domain to buy out the entire port town on Carquinez Strait and evict its 3,000 residents. During World War II, the port shipped about 100,000 tons of ammunition. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On July 17, 1944, in the war’s deadliest home-front disaster, two ships and a train filled with bombs and munitions exploded, killing 320 servicemen and injuring 390. The blast shattered windows 40 miles away at San Francisco’s St. Francis Hotel. Nearly all the men killed were African-American sailors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Between 1942 and 1979, the Navy buried over 33,650 tons of trash, solvents, paints, and munitions in landfills on the base. The Navy&#039;s cleanup began in 1980, with the goal of preventing toxics from polluting groundwater outside the base. The U.S. EPA placed the base on its Superfund National Priorities List of toxic sites in 1994. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The base included salt marsh habitat for the endangered California clapper rail, and inland grasslands that supported about 600 cattle and a herd of 55 tule elk, introduced in 1976 by the state Department of Fish and Wildlife. In 1984, more than four square miles of wetlands adjoining Carquinez Strait were set aside as a wildlife refuge. The tule elk were removed in 2006. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1999 the port area, about 12 square miles, was leased to the U.S. Army and renamed Military Ocean Terminal Concord, while the Navy closed the 8-square-mile inland portion of the base. In 2019 the Navy transferred four square miles of rolling hills to the East Bay Regional Park District; in 2023 the city of Concord moved ahead with plans to redevelop the other four square miles with 13,000 new homes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Concord-Naval-Weapons-Depot-aerial-2006 68 big.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;2006 aerial shot of Concord Naval Weapons depot.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Wikimedia&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Point Molate&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Point Molate, a hilly ridge on the East Bay shoreline between the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge and the Chevron Oil Refinery, is the site of a 290-acre Navy fuel depot with 24 buried concrete tanks that held more than 50 million gallons of fuel for the Navy&#039;s Pacific Fleet from World War II until it closed in 1995. The location was strategic: far enough inside the Golden Gate to be safe from naval attack, and adjacent to the Bay Area&#039;s largest oil refinery (Chevron).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cleanup of soil contaminated by leaks from the fuel tanks began in 1988 and took more than 20 years. In 2024, environmental groups were fighting the City of Richmond’s plan to redevelop the scenic shoreline with luxury homes, and instead make it a regional park.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:PointMolate-by-Scheinmore.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Point Molate.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Jack Scheinmore&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Travis Air Force Base &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Established in 1943, the nine-square-mile Travis Air Force Base, near Fairfield in Solano County, was still in use in 2024. From the 1940s through the 1970s, Travis had several toxic spill and disposal sites. Three landfills on the base accepted wastes from 1943 to 1977; one was a known source of water pollution by 1970. A jet fuel spill in 1978 killed all aquatic wildlife along two miles of Union Creek. A storm sewer system was found to contain chemical wastes flushed down drains from base workshops. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The U.S. EPA put the base on its Superfund National Priorities List for cleanup in 1989, and the Air Force began cleanup work in 1997.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Travis-AFB-photo-by-Heidi-Couch dvidshub.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Travis Air Force Base, c. 2010s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Heidi Couch, dvidshub.net&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:LLL postcard 9052008055 553e345b8e b.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Nuclear Sites&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2001, the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) published a national directory of sites used for nuclear weapons and radiation work in the 1940s through the 1990s, where people may have been exposed to radiation. Bay Area sites included Dow Chemical Co. in Walnut Creek, General Electric&#039;s Vallecitos nuclear facilities (see Electric Power Chapter), Stanford’s Linear Accelerator Center in Palo Alto, the Lawrence Berkeley Lab and the Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LBL and LLNL, both run by UC Berkeley). The most serious health threats were found at the Livermore Lab, which is on EPA&#039;s Superfund National Priorities List.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The LLNL’s primary function has been [[Raising the Stakes: Complete Disarmament|nuclear weapons research]]. It was first used as a Naval Air Station during World War II, then transferred to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (now part of DOE) in 1951.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the 1940s to the 1980s, the LLNL created, used and dumped a variety of hazardous materials, including radioactive wastes. In 1984, the California Department of Health services (CDHS) ordered LLNL to provide alternate water supplies to residents west of the facility, whose drinking water wells had been contaminated by carcinogenic chemicals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Within the site, fuels and radioactive tritium were found in groundwater. Cleanup operations removed soil contaminated with solvents, radioactive wastes, heavy metals, PCBs, and fuel. By 1997, LLNL had built five groundwater treatment plants, pumping contaminated water from beneath the site, vaporizing the contaminants, and pumping clean water back into the ground. This was expected to continue through at least 2030.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Llnl-aerial-07-2011 DoE.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Aerial view of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2011.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: U.S. Department of Energy&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:Parks]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Species]] [[category:Presidio]] [[category:Marin County]] [[category:East Bay]] [[category:South Bay and Peninsula]] [[category:Military]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:46:23Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:45:44Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:44:36Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:43:20Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:42:15Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:38:07Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:30:22Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:26:53Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:25:14Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:22:08Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-27T05:20:48Z</updated>

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		<title>Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston</title>
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		<updated>2026-05-26T20:11:51Z</updated>

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&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Gulls-and-heron-at-crissy-lagoon-w-ggb 20221015 184824708.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Dozens of seagulls flock while a lone heron sits in the restored Crissy Field lagoon, 2022.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1994, when the National Park Service took command of San Francisco&#039;s Presidio after more than 200 years of military use, Sharon Farrell began organizing the park&#039;s habitat restoration efforts. She quickly established a native plant nursery, and put [[Community-Based Ecological Restoration at the Presidio|hundreds of volunteers]] to work growing, planting, removing invasive weeds, and monitoring native species, including such endangered plants as San Francisco Lessingia and Raven&#039;s Manzanita—the lone individual of its subspecies, discovered by famed botanist Peter Raven when he was a St. Ignatius High School student in the 1950s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under Farrell&#039;s management, the number of tiny Lessingia plants in the Presidio soared from about 300 to tens of thousands. Key to this success was a bizarre windfall: In December 1995, a severe rainstorm blew open an old brick sewage conduit, causing a house to collapse at the Presidio’s western boundary and spilling raw sewage into the Presidio&#039;s Lobos Creek. The city of San Francisco paid a substantial penalty for polluting the creek, and the Presidio got a big chunk of the money. Farrell put it toward restoration of sand dune habitat bordering the creek. Bulldozers removed acres of invasive ice plant and recreated dunes. The nursery grew thousands of native dune plant seedlings; volunteers and work crews planted them.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Park Service’s non-profit partner, the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, secured $34.4 million (including $18 million from the Haas family) for a bigger project: The transformation of Crissy Field, a half-mile-long expanse of windswept pavement from an old military airfield on the Presidio&#039;s northeast shoreline, into a restored wetland and dune ecosystem, plus a grassy recreation area. In 1999, excavators broke up the pavement, and contractors removed 87,000 tons of soil and sand contaminated by fuel leaks and spills from the airfield. They scooped out a 20-acre basin to recreate a tidal lagoon, and restored dunes along the shore. Asphalt and concrete were recycled as material for new pathways. &lt;br /&gt;
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Part of the original lagoon had been used as the Presidio’s trash dump in the late 1800s. Archeologists carefully sifted the debris, removing thousands of artifacts. The nursery expanded to produce more than 100,000 seedlings planted around the lagoon by 3,000 volunteers in the winters of 2000 and 2001. The 29-acre recreation field was seeded with native grasses. &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Elegant-Terns-at-Crissy-Lagoon 20221013 234713400.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Hundreds of Elegant Terns gather on mud island in restored Crissy Field lagoon, 2022.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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By 2000, bird-watchers had spotted 120 bird species, many of them stopping at the new lagoon in their migrations. When the [[Crissy Field restored|new Crissy Field]] was dedicated in May 2001, it was already popular with city residents and tourists walking to the Golden Gate Bridge. &lt;br /&gt;
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Over the next 20 years, park managers expanded the habitat restoration effort south from the lagoon into the Tennessee Hollow watershed, removing 77,000 tons of trash from another old landfill in 2006 to daylight Petlenuc Creek, named after an Ohlone village dating back to Presidio’s founding in 1776.(1)  By 2012, they had taken out a paved road at El Polin Spring, source of the creek, and park crews joined volunteers restoring the surrounding valley with thousands of native plant seedlings.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 2019, park managers took stock of 25 years of restoration. Thousands of volunteers had worked more than 263,000 hours removing more than 4 million gallons of invasive weeds and planting 799,000 native seedlings.(2) One star volunteer alone, cheerful retired tax attorney Charlie Starbuck, put in 10,000 hours over 3,000 days. “He was our Beatles,” said Lewis Stringer, associate director of natural resources for the Presidio Trust, when Starbuck died in 2021. “He had screaming fans.”(3) &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Macarthur-meadow-wetlands 20260127 204637693.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;[[MacArthur Meadow|MacArthur Meadow]], a restored wetland that is part of the Tennessee Hollow watershed, 2026.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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During that time, eight completed projects had restored the entire 270-acre Tennessee Hollow watershed to native vegetation, from serpentine grasslands with rare native plants like Presidio Clarkia and Franciscan manzanita, to creekside wetlands and meadows, to Crissy Field Lagoon. It was the nation’s first urban watershed to be entirely restored. Elsewhere in the Presidio, 12 additional projects removed old trash landfills, deepened Mountain Lake (a misnomer; its original name, Laguna de Loma Alta, meant “Lake of the High Hill”) and restored its native three-spined stickleback fish, Pacific chorus frogs,(4) Western pond turtles, rare forktail damselflies,(5) and adjacent wetlands; daylighted Dragonfly Creek; restored oak woodlands and dunes, and re-introduced checkerspot butterflies, which had vanished by the 1980s.(6) Rare, sand-loving silver digger bees, which pollinate many native plants, moved in on their own in 2019, nearly a century after the species disappeared from San Francisco.(7)  &lt;br /&gt;
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Fort Funston, a former coastal defense base on the ocean shoreline south of the San Francisco zoo, is also part of the Golden Gate National Parks. The fort occupied 250 acres of sand dunes once covered with dozens of species of native dune plants, but starting in the 1930s much of it was bulldozed during construction of gun emplacements and roads. The Army then planted South African ice plant to stabilize the dunes. Over the next 50 years, the ice plant expanded in all directions, smothering most of the native plants.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Park Service built a small nursery in 1980 to raise native plant seedlings, and begin restoring the dunes. The nursery, run by volunteers, was producing more than 6,000 seedlings annually in the 1990s and early 2000s.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1992, volunteers began removing ice plant from seven acres of dunes adjacent to sandy cliffs overlooking Ocean Beach. The goal was not just to restore native plants, but to help bank swallows, a threatened bird that nests in the cliffs. The plants attract insects, providing food for the birds. Between 1992 and 1995, volunteers planted 35,000 seedlings. Each year since then, volunteers and park staff have rolled back acres of ice plant, replacing it with more than a dozen species of native dune plants.   &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Fort-funston-ice-plant 20210113 220559724.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Still lots of ice plant to remove in 2021 at Fort Funston!&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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1. Fimrite, Peter, “Presidio creek restoration reaches crucial final stage,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Feb. 8, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
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2. Fimrite, Peter, “Turning back time to renew old habitat,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Dec. 2, 2019.&lt;br /&gt;
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3. Whiting, Sam, “Prolific volunteer for urban forest,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Sep. 26, 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
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4. Perlman, David, “Plants long unseen pop up at Presidio,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, July 16, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
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5. Perlman, David, “Rare flies introduced at Presidio’s waters,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Oct. 16, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
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6. Rubenstein, Steve, “Emerging plan: 300 caterpillars’ big move,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Mar. 14, 2017.&lt;br /&gt;
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7. Fimrite, Peter, “Return of bees creating buzz after Presidio’s habitat work,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Mar. 29, 2019.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[category:Ecology]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:Parks]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Species]] [[category:Presidio]] [[category:Sunset]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2000s]] [[category:2010s]] [[category:2020s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=San_Francisco%E2%80%99s_Struggles_With_Sewage,_1860s-1990s&amp;diff=39126</id>
		<title>San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=San_Francisco%E2%80%99s_Struggles_With_Sewage,_1860s-1990s&amp;diff=39126"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T20:07:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:KirbyCoveCulvertFeb2025.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;This historic brick culvert, built in the 1860s at Kirby Cove in the Marin Headlands, is similar in size and shape to the brick sewers built in San Francisco in the 1860s to 1890s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: David D. Schmidt, 2025.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Beneath the Streets of San Francisco: Old Brick Sewers&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In the pre-dawn hours of December 11, 1995, high winds and rain lashed San Francisco, and a century-old brick sewer backed up with water and burst, spewing 94 million gallons of street runoff and untreated sewage onto a steep sandy slope in the city&#039;s ritzy Sea Cliff neighborhood, a mile southwest of the Golden Gate Bridge. The dirty water flowed downhill into [[Water in the Presidio|Lobos Creek]]—the drinking water source for the Presidio, a former Army base that transitioned to national park in 1994. As water rushed from the ruptured sewer, it washed away the sand beneath Howard and Iran Billman&#039;s three-story home, which collapsed like a house of cards. By this time, it was daylight, and TV crews were on the scene, filming the spectacle for nationwide news networks. &lt;br /&gt;
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In 2000, 90 of San Francisco&#039;s 900 miles of sewers were still made of brick, which had been recognized as problematic more than a century earlier. The sewers of the late 1800s were oval-shaped brick tunnels five feet high and three feet wide—just large enough for a worker to walk through them, which was occasionally necessary to remove blockages. One hundred and thirty-five miles of the [[Sewerage|city’s sewer system]], or 15% of it, had been built before 1906; some of it dated as far back as 1850. The 1995 incident put city officials on notice that they needed to replace the brick sewers.&lt;br /&gt;
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In the 1850s, the earliest San Francisco sewers collected only street runoff, because there was no piped water, and no flush toilets. By the 1870s, water pipes and toilets were standard features of new homes and hotels. When the gigantic, opulent [[Palace Hotel|Palace Hotel]] opened on Market Street in 1875, it had 755 flush toilets—one for every room or suite.&lt;br /&gt;
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Before 1880, toilets were not always connected to San Francisco’s sewers. Many discharged their dirty water into privy vaults—covered brick tanks in backyards. In some areas that lacked sewers, such as along Precita Creek (today’s Cesar Chavez Street in the Mission District) in the early 1870s, toilets discharged directly into creeks. &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:WastewaterDirtyPlusCoalHoppers.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Bay waters at the east end of Folsom Street in San Francisco, c. 1900, are clouded with sewage and sediment.&#039;&#039;&#039; Vertical structures in the background are coal hoppers, used to store coal unloaded from ships.&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: BANC PIC 1905.17500.6:006--ALB, Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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These disposal methods created offensive overflows and odors and transformed Precita and Islais Creeks into open sewers. By the late 1860s, a city ordinance required privy vaults to discharge into the sewers. This didn’t solve the problems—it just moved them downstream.&lt;br /&gt;
As San Francisco Public Health Officer Dr. I. Rowell explained in 1869, &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The method of disposing of filth in this city is the most wretched of any city in the civilized world. . . . [sewage] is sent on its sluggish course through the sewers to the bay, discharging through the open vents at every street corner a volume of disease-bearing effluvia that would cause any animal but man to rush in wild disorder from the spot, and avoid it thereafter as the burned child avoids fire. . . . &amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The “disease-bearing effluvia”—sewer gas—is a mixture of hydrogen sulfide and methane generated by bacteria consuming organic matter in the sewage. Both gases can be fatal when inhaled in an enclosed area—like a sewer. Rowell and other public health experts of the late 1800s, however, erroneously believed that the gas was spreading disease. Their remedies for the sewer system focused on preventing sewer gas from getting into homes and buildings.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Fighting the Dreaded Sewer Gas &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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To accomplish this, they recommended &amp;quot;sink traps&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;toilet traps&amp;quot;—those now-familiar bends in the drainage pipes which are always filled with water. By the mid-1870s street corner catch basins, beneath the heavy metal grates on every streetcorner, were designed with water-filled traps for the same reason.&lt;br /&gt;
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The traps didn’t always work, because the sewers generated gases that pushed up through sinks and toilets into homes and buildings. Eventually someone thought to make small holes in the cast-iron manhole covers on the streets, to equalize the air pressure inside and outside the sewers—a low-tech solution that still works today. &lt;br /&gt;
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To prevent the &#039;&#039;formation&#039;&#039; of sewer gas, public health experts argued that sewers should transport wastewater to the bay quickly, to minimize decomposition (which generates the gases) during its journey through the sewers. This was nearly impossible in the flatlands of San Francisco and Oakland, where sewage stagnated. Plus, wherever waterfront outfalls were below the high tide mark, high tides held back or even reversed the flow of sewage. When sewage finally did reach the bay, the stench was, according to an 1876 report by William P. Humphreys, San Francisco&#039;s official city surveyor, &amp;quot;. . . offensive to the last degree of endurance.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
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This was one reason why the city’s well-to-do lived on Nob Hill, while the working class lived in the flatlands. Some public health advocates proposed building a new, separate, narrow-piped drainage system for sewage only (not storm runoff). The small pipes, they contended, would be cheaper than sewers and would move the sewage faster to the bay. Others urged building water tanks atop the city&#039;s hills, to periodically flush the sewers. These ideas never caught on because the city government was barely able to construct sewers in new neighborhoods fast enough, much less build an entirely new sewer system.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1868, San Francisco had only 38 miles of sewers, but more were being added constantly. By 1880 the city had 128 miles, and by 1893, 227 miles. These sewers conveyed storm water and sewage, but they were often clogged with sand, gravel, and according to Humphreys,&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;“. . . substances which they were never intended to receive; such as street dirt [horse manure], garbage . . . ashes, shavings, sticks, brickbats, coal, bones, bottles, rotten fruit and vegetables, old clothes, boots, shoes and stockings, broken crockery, etc. In some parts of the city dead dogs, cats, and rats have been found in these [streetcorner] catch-basins. The facility with which their covers can be removed and replaced, particularly at night, invite to this easy way of disposing of all kinds of garbage.”&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;San Francisco’s Sewer Woes&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In outlying areas, sewer construction lagged years behind housing. According to an 1892 lecture by physician and public health advocate Dr. I. H. Stallard, new houses dumping their wastewater directly into Precita Creek&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. . . grew to be an intolerable and dangerous nuisance . . . About 1875 an Act of the Legislature was obtained to abate the evil at the cost of the whole community.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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This &amp;quot;evil&amp;quot; was abated by building a mile-long, oversized brick sewer 11&#039; 6&amp;quot; wide and 8&#039; 9&amp;quot; high in the creekbed, and building Army Street (now Cesar Chavez Street) on top of it. The sewer emptied into a tidal slough, Islais Creek. But rainy season runoff from unpaved streets and construction sites caused soil erosion, dumping sediment into this giant sewer. According to Stallard,&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;Immense quantities of sand and gravel are brought down. The scour has washed out the cement between the bricks, and the floor of the sewer is like a cobble-stone pavement, providing a lodgement for filth . . . Meantime the fine sand is washed into [Islais] creek and the coarse gravel left behind. Every year it has to be removed by hand labor. Last year it took five gangs of men six weeks to take it out . . .&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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During the dry season, &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The flow of sewage . . . rarely runs more than three or four inches deep. . . . deltas of filth collect at the entrances of the lateral sewers . . . stench and dangerous gases are given off . . . One effect, however, is to purify the sewage in a small degree . . . The sewage flow . . . is diverted by the accumulation of islands of deposits . . . into a hundred channels . . . Thus we have formed a sort of subterranean sewage farm; . . . and when the sewage arrives at the outlet near Islais Creek . . . it has become bright and sparkling; it has lost all its odor; [according to] the gentleman who has his tannery at the outlet: &#039;In the early days I have drank much worse looking water, and if I did not know where it came from I would not hesitate to drink this now. . . .&#039;&amp;quot; &amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Stallard had unwittingly described sewage treatment by bacteria—the basis for sewage treatment technology that would be developed in the early 1900s.&lt;br /&gt;
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The stagnating sewers caused more problems: When clogged with sand, soil, and debris, they overflowed and flooded streets and basements. A city ordinance required sewers to be placed 10 feet below the surface, to ensure that new sewers could be connected with existing ones. But this meant that on flat land, especially former bay waters that had been filled in, the sewage would stagnate. &lt;br /&gt;
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The Channel Street [China Basin] sewer, which drained the Mission District, was a case in point—it needed constant cleaning after it was built in 1872. According to Stallard, &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. . Nearly all the lateral sewers are . . . choked by sand brought down from the immense drainage area. The sand is black and stinking. . . . In September last [it was] four feet nine inches [deep], occupying considerably more than half the capacity of the sewer. It contained about 18,000 cubic yards of filth . . . At first five men were employed [to clean it out], then for two weeks, 25; . . . Sand enough has been taken from this sewer to fill it three times over.”&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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It was a dirty, dangerous job for the men and boys hired to do it. Stallard cited an 1885 sewer study, which found that in filled-in flat areas, &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot; . . . [A]s they approach the bay the sewers are either level or run up hill [!]. All the sewers below [east of] Montgomery Street are tidal. . . . they become elongated cess pools  . . . Their size and shape is not uniform. Sometimes there is a 16-inch pipe made to take the sewage of a five-foot sewer. . . . In many there are rotten bricks, sandy mortar, and in one place the bricks were found replaced by empty barrels. . . .&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1899, San Francisco voters approved $4.6 million in bonds (equal to more than $100 million today) to improve the sewer system, but legal complications invalidated the bonds, so a second vote was needed, and it was delayed by the 1906 Earthquake until May 1908. &lt;br /&gt;
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This time, voters approved the bonds by an overwhelming 15 to 1 margin. Mission Bay had already been filled in, and its remaining channel, China Basin, was grossly polluted. According to City Engineer Carl Grunsky’s May 19, 1909 report, &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The discharge from these sewers [emptying into China Basin] represents more than half of the sewage and rain-water . . . of the city. During half the year there is no rain to dilute the sewage, and it ebbs and flows . . . creating a filthy nuisance beggaring description.”&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Grunsky argued that “Dilution in the waters of the bay and ocean [is] without doubt for San Francisco the natural and proper method of sewage disposal.&amp;quot; The city’s sewer planners assumed that the tides would sweep the sewage out to sea twice a day—Nature’s own flushing system. &lt;br /&gt;
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San Francisco continued building sewers in the southeast quadrant of the city in the 1920s and 1930s, routing that sewage to a new outfall at the Islais Creek Channel—another remnant of a bay inlet that had been filled. The channel soon gained the unflattering moniker, “S**t Creek.” South of the city, the dumping of raw sewage contaminated and forced closure of [[Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution|the bay’s last major oyster growing operation]] on tidal mudflats that would later be filled and paved to make runways at [[San Francisco Airport|San Francisco International Airport]]. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Sewage Farms in San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In the late 1800s, even San Francisco had farms irrigated by sewage. In the Marina District, farmers used wastewater flowing downhill from the mansions on Pacific Heights. According to an 1893 city engineer&#039;s report, &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The sewage of the Steiner Street sewer, and to some extent that of the Pierce Street, is being utilized during the spring and summer months for the irrigation of [[COW HOLLOW SANITATION SCANDAL c. 1900|Chinese vegetable gardens]] . . . north of Chestnut Street.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[The Statue of a Heroic Crusader who Spent his Life Fighting to Keep Statues out of Golden Gate Park.|John McLaren]], San Francisco&#039;s legendary parks director from 1893 to 1943, was always looking for ways to get more soil and compost to transform the western half of Golden Gate Park from sand dunes to lush greenery. He had the city&#039;s street sweepings, mainly horse manure before 1920, delivered to the park daily. Asked what he wanted for his birthday, he famously replied, &amp;quot;Twenty tons of good manure.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
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As the city rebuilt from the 1906 Earthquake and Fire, McLaren arranged for the raw sewage from the city&#039;s western half, then only partly developed, to empty into two open irrigation ditches in Golden Gate Park. The public outcry over seeing (and smelling) sewage in the park was so intense, however, that McLaren was forced to build a septic tank in 1912 to remove the solid material before using the sewage. Continued public pressure, and the discovery of well water sources in the park, prompted McLaren to stop watering the park with sewage in 1916. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Golden Gate Park’s McQueen Plant Pioneers Secondary Treatment, Re-use&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1926, San Francisco’s Board of Parks Commissioners found a new method of treating sewage so it could again be used for irrigation in Golden Gate Park, but without offensive odors. They hired Henry E. Elrod, a Houston engineer who held patents on several sewage treatment technologies, to design a treatment plant using the “activated sludge process.” &lt;br /&gt;
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This technique forces jets of air into concrete pools of primary-treated sewage to speed the growth of bacteria that break down the organic pollutants. Some of the resulting sludge—alive with bacteria, and thus “activated”—is constantly routed back to the aeration pools to help the bacteria multiply quickly. This mimics the natural process of bacteria breaking down the waste, but speeds it up from 90 days to as little as 90 minutes. This method, developed in Chicago by 1915, is now used for secondary sewage treatment in urban areas nationwide, thanks to the federal Clean Water Act of 1972. &lt;br /&gt;
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Back in 1932, park boss John McLaren hired the McQueen Sewage Disposal Company, owned by Frank McQueen, to build the facility Elrod designed in the center of Golden Gate Park. The plant pumped up to a million gallons per day of treated wastewater into Elk Glen Lake,(1) where it acquired a green tint from microscopic algae. From there, it flowed into nearby Mallard Lake and continued westward through a ditch to the park’s Chain of Lakes. Even if you jumped over the ditch—as the author did dozens of times as a high school cross country runner in the 1970s—no sewage smell was noticeable.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Golden Gate Park Sewer Archives1.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;McQueen Sewage Treatment Plant in Golden Gate Park, 1935.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Golden Gate Park Sewer Archives&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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The McQueen facility provided water to irrigate about 800 of the park’s 1,017 acres. During California’s 1976-1977 drought, it was recognized as the first of its kind, providing treated wastewater for reuse and helping conserve the city&#039;s drinking water. Its long-time operator, George Mallick, loved to give tours of the place. He predicted that it was the wave of the future in water-short California. But the aging plant was unable to meet stringent state water quality standards that took effect in the late 1970s and closed in 1982. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mallick was vindicated in 2018, when the city started building a recycled water facility at the Oceanside Water Pollution Control Plant, adjacent to the San Francisco Zoo. When construction was complete in 2023, the project started piping up to 4 million gallons per day of recycled water to a new pumping plant in Golden Gate Park, just a few steps from the old McQueen site. The water, treated to meet state standards using membrane filtration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet disinfection, will irrigate the park as well as golf courses at the Presidio and Lincoln Park.(2)  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;San Francisco Finally Cleans Up&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1971 and 1974, San Francisco adopted plans to comply with the state’s 1969 Porter-Cologne Act and the 1972 federal Clean Water Act by building two major secondary treatment facilities. Over the next 20 years, the city spent $1.6 billion to upgrade its entire system to secondary treatment. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the late 1970s, the city expanded the Southeast Treatment Plant to increase its capacity and provide secondary treatment. The [[Sewerage|new facilities]] started operating in July 1982, but that was only half the battle. With San Francisco’s combined wastewater and stormwater sewer system, every time it rained, the volume of water going to the treatment plants suddenly increased tenfold, or more—too much for the treatment plants to handle, so most of the untreated sewage/stormwater mixture went straight into the bay or ocean.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next, the city routed wastewater from the North Point primary treatment plant near Fisherman&#039;s Wharf to the Southeast Plant for secondary treatment. The North Point facility was still needed during the rainy season, when rain events overwhelmed the capacity of both plants. To solve this problem, the stormwater/sewage surge had to be contained, and fed to the treatment plants gradually after a rainstorm. For this, the city built hidden holding reservoirs for wet weather flows, 40 feet deep beneath the surface of Marina Boulevard and the Embarcadero. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With San Francisco&#039;s bayside pollution finally under control—more than 70 years after City Engineer Carl Grunsky said all of the city’s raw sewage should be dumped in the bay—the city’s Department of Public Works (DPW) turned its attention to the ocean side. In 1981-1982, the DPW built a mile-long concrete sewage reservoir beneath the Great Highway at Ocean Beach, to store the stormwater/sewage flows after each rainfall, until they could be treated at the aging Richmond-Sunset [primary] Treatment Plant in Golden Gate Park. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:WastewaterOceansideWWTP.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;San Francisco&#039;s Oceanside Water Pollution Control Plant, completed in 1993, enabled the city to shut down and demolish the 1938 primary sewage treatment facility at the southwest corner of Golden Gate Park.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: David D. Schmidt, 2003&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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This reduced rainy season beach pollution while the city built the new Oceanside [secondary] Treatment Plant adjacent to the San Francisco Zoo. The new facility, partially underground and hidden from public view, opened in 1993, capping 20 years of planning and construction. The Oceanside plant can treat 2.8 cubic meters of sewage per second—up to 65 MGD. It removes up to 95% of the pollutants in the wastewater before discharging it in deep water 4.5 miles offshore, keeping the beaches clean. The old Richmond-Sunset Plant was demolished in 1995, bringing an unlamented end to more than 60 years of sewage treatment in Golden Gate Park. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the first time, the city had secondary treatment for all its sewage during the dry season and 2/3 of it during wet weather, when the wastewater was 94% street runoff and only 6% sewage. Only 10% of the stormwater/sewage surges were discharged without any treatment, flowing into the ocean and bay at the city&#039;s 36 &amp;quot;overflow structures&amp;quot; (outfalls). Two of them are highly visible: the concrete piers on Ocean Beach at Vicente Street and at Lincoln Way. &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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1. Pinhey, Nicholas, California Water Environment Association, [https://www.cwea.org/news/forgotten-facilities-golden-gate-parks-1932-recycled-water-plant/ “Forgotten Facilities: Golden Gate Park’s Recycled Water Plant,”] accessed in 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, [https://sfpuc.org/construction-contracts/construction-projects/westside-enhanced-water-recycling-project “Westside Enhanced Water Recycling Project,”] accessed June 2023.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:water]] [[category:Shoreline]] [[category:Power and Money]]  [[category:Public Health]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:1890s]] [[category:1900s]] [[category:1906]] [[category:1920s]] [[category:1930s]] [[category:1950s]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2010s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=San_Francisco%E2%80%99s_Struggles_With_Sewage,_1860s-1990s&amp;diff=39125</id>
		<title>San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=San_Francisco%E2%80%99s_Struggles_With_Sewage,_1860s-1990s&amp;diff=39125"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T20:06:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:KirbyCoveCulvertFeb2025.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;This historic brick culvert, built in the 1860s at Kirby Cove in the Marin Headlands, is similar in size and shape to the brick sewers built in San Francisco in the 1860s to 1890s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: David D. Schmidt, 2025.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Beneath the Streets of San Francisco: Old Brick Sewers&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the pre-dawn hours of December 11, 1995, high winds and rain lashed San Francisco, and a century-old brick sewer backed up with water and burst, spewing 94 million gallons of street runoff and untreated sewage onto a steep sandy slope in the city&#039;s ritzy Sea Cliff neighborhood, a mile southwest of the Golden Gate Bridge. The dirty water flowed downhill into [[Water in the Presidio|Lobos Creek]]—the drinking water source for the Presidio, a former Army base that transitioned to national park in 1994. As water rushed from the ruptured sewer, it washed away the sand beneath Howard and Iran Billman&#039;s three-story home, which collapsed like a house of cards. By this time, it was daylight, and TV crews were on the scene, filming the spectacle for nationwide news networks. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2000, 90 of San Francisco&#039;s 900 miles of sewers were still made of brick, which had been recognized as problematic more than a century earlier. The sewers of the late 1800s were oval-shaped brick tunnels five feet high and three feet wide—just large enough for a worker to walk through them, which was occasionally necessary to remove blockages. One hundred and thirty-five miles of the [[Sewerage|city’s sewer system]], or 15% of it, had been built before 1906; some of it dated as far back as 1850. The 1995 incident put city officials on notice that they needed to replace the brick sewers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1850s, the earliest San Francisco sewers collected only street runoff, because there was no piped water, and no flush toilets. By the 1870s, water pipes and toilets were standard features of new homes and hotels. When the gigantic, opulent [[Palace Hotel|Palace Hotel]] opened on Market Street in 1875, it had 755 flush toilets—one for every room or suite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before 1880, toilets were not always connected to San Francisco’s sewers. Many discharged their dirty water into privy vaults—covered brick tanks in backyards. In some areas that lacked sewers, such as along Precita Creek (today’s Cesar Chavez Street in the Mission District) in the early 1870s, toilets discharged directly into creeks. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:WastewaterDirtyPlusCoalHoppers.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Bay waters at the east end of Folsom Street in San Francisco, c. 1900, are clouded with sewage and sediment.&#039;&#039;&#039; Vertical structures in the background are coal hoppers, use dto store coal unloaded from ships.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: BANC PIC 1905.17500.6:006--ALB, Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These disposal methods created offensive overflows and odors and transformed Precita and Islais Creeks into open sewers. By the late 1860s, a city ordinance required privy vaults to discharge into the sewers. This didn’t solve the problems—it just moved them downstream.&lt;br /&gt;
As San Francisco Public Health Officer Dr. I. Rowell explained in 1869, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The method of disposing of filth in this city is the most wretched of any city in the civilized world. . . . [sewage] is sent on its sluggish course through the sewers to the bay, discharging through the open vents at every street corner a volume of disease-bearing effluvia that would cause any animal but man to rush in wild disorder from the spot, and avoid it thereafter as the burned child avoids fire. . . . &amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The “disease-bearing effluvia”—sewer gas—is a mixture of hydrogen sulfide and methane generated by bacteria consuming organic matter in the sewage. Both gases can be fatal when inhaled in an enclosed area—like a sewer. Rowell and other public health experts of the late 1800s, however, erroneously believed that the gas was spreading disease. Their remedies for the sewer system focused on preventing sewer gas from getting into homes and buildings.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Fighting the Dreaded Sewer Gas &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To accomplish this, they recommended &amp;quot;sink traps&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;toilet traps&amp;quot;—those now-familiar bends in the drainage pipes which are always filled with water. By the mid-1870s street corner catch basins, beneath the heavy metal grates on every streetcorner, were designed with water-filled traps for the same reason.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The traps didn’t always work, because the sewers generated gases that pushed up through sinks and toilets into homes and buildings. Eventually someone thought to make small holes in the cast-iron manhole covers on the streets, to equalize the air pressure inside and outside the sewers—a low-tech solution that still works today. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To prevent the &#039;&#039;formation&#039;&#039; of sewer gas, public health experts argued that sewers should transport wastewater to the bay quickly, to minimize decomposition (which generates the gases) during its journey through the sewers. This was nearly impossible in the flatlands of San Francisco and Oakland, where sewage stagnated. Plus, wherever waterfront outfalls were below the high tide mark, high tides held back or even reversed the flow of sewage. When sewage finally did reach the bay, the stench was, according to an 1876 report by William P. Humphreys, San Francisco&#039;s official city surveyor, &amp;quot;. . . offensive to the last degree of endurance.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was one reason why the city’s well-to-do lived on Nob Hill, while the working class lived in the flatlands. Some public health advocates proposed building a new, separate, narrow-piped drainage system for sewage only (not storm runoff). The small pipes, they contended, would be cheaper than sewers and would move the sewage faster to the bay. Others urged building water tanks atop the city&#039;s hills, to periodically flush the sewers. These ideas never caught on because the city government was barely able to construct sewers in new neighborhoods fast enough, much less build an entirely new sewer system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1868, San Francisco had only 38 miles of sewers, but more were being added constantly. By 1880 the city had 128 miles, and by 1893, 227 miles. These sewers conveyed storm water and sewage, but they were often clogged with sand, gravel, and according to Humphreys,&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;“. . . substances which they were never intended to receive; such as street dirt [horse manure], garbage . . . ashes, shavings, sticks, brickbats, coal, bones, bottles, rotten fruit and vegetables, old clothes, boots, shoes and stockings, broken crockery, etc. In some parts of the city dead dogs, cats, and rats have been found in these [streetcorner] catch-basins. The facility with which their covers can be removed and replaced, particularly at night, invite to this easy way of disposing of all kinds of garbage.”&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;San Francisco’s Sewer Woes&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In outlying areas, sewer construction lagged years behind housing. According to an 1892 lecture by physician and public health advocate Dr. I. H. Stallard, new houses dumping their wastewater directly into Precita Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. . . grew to be an intolerable and dangerous nuisance . . . About 1875 an Act of the Legislature was obtained to abate the evil at the cost of the whole community.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This &amp;quot;evil&amp;quot; was abated by building a mile-long, oversized brick sewer 11&#039; 6&amp;quot; wide and 8&#039; 9&amp;quot; high in the creekbed, and building Army Street (now Cesar Chavez Street) on top of it. The sewer emptied into a tidal slough, Islais Creek. But rainy season runoff from unpaved streets and construction sites caused soil erosion, dumping sediment into this giant sewer. According to Stallard,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;Immense quantities of sand and gravel are brought down. The scour has washed out the cement between the bricks, and the floor of the sewer is like a cobble-stone pavement, providing a lodgement for filth . . . Meantime the fine sand is washed into [Islais] creek and the coarse gravel left behind. Every year it has to be removed by hand labor. Last year it took five gangs of men six weeks to take it out . . .&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the dry season, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The flow of sewage . . . rarely runs more than three or four inches deep. . . . deltas of filth collect at the entrances of the lateral sewers . . . stench and dangerous gases are given off . . . One effect, however, is to purify the sewage in a small degree . . . The sewage flow . . . is diverted by the accumulation of islands of deposits . . . into a hundred channels . . . Thus we have formed a sort of subterranean sewage farm; . . . and when the sewage arrives at the outlet near Islais Creek . . . it has become bright and sparkling; it has lost all its odor; [according to] the gentleman who has his tannery at the outlet: &#039;In the early days I have drank much worse looking water, and if I did not know where it came from I would not hesitate to drink this now. . . .&#039;&amp;quot; &amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stallard had unwittingly described sewage treatment by bacteria—the basis for sewage treatment technology that would be developed in the early 1900s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The stagnating sewers caused more problems: When clogged with sand, soil, and debris, they overflowed and flooded streets and basements. A city ordinance required sewers to be placed 10 feet below the surface, to ensure that new sewers could be connected with existing ones. But this meant that on flat land, especially former bay waters that had been filled in, the sewage would stagnate. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Channel Street [China Basin] sewer, which drained the Mission District, was a case in point—it needed constant cleaning after it was built in 1872. According to Stallard, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. . Nearly all the lateral sewers are . . . choked by sand brought down from the immense drainage area. The sand is black and stinking. . . . In September last [it was] four feet nine inches [deep], occupying considerably more than half the capacity of the sewer. It contained about 18,000 cubic yards of filth . . . At first five men were employed [to clean it out], then for two weeks, 25; . . . Sand enough has been taken from this sewer to fill it three times over.”&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was a dirty, dangerous job for the men and boys hired to do it. Stallard cited an 1885 sewer study, which found that in filled-in flat areas, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot; . . . [A]s they approach the bay the sewers are either level or run up hill [!]. All the sewers below [east of] Montgomery Street are tidal. . . . they become elongated cess pools  . . . Their size and shape is not uniform. Sometimes there is a 16-inch pipe made to take the sewage of a five-foot sewer. . . . In many there are rotten bricks, sandy mortar, and in one place the bricks were found replaced by empty barrels. . . .&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1899, San Francisco voters approved $4.6 million in bonds (equal to more than $100 million today) to improve the sewer system, but legal complications invalidated the bonds, so a second vote was needed, and it was delayed by the 1906 Earthquake until May 1908. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This time, voters approved the bonds by an overwhelming 15 to 1 margin. Mission Bay had already been filled in, and its remaining channel, China Basin, was grossly polluted. According to City Engineer Carl Grunsky’s May 19, 1909 report, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The discharge from these sewers [emptying into China Basin] represents more than half of the sewage and rain-water . . . of the city. During half the year there is no rain to dilute the sewage, and it ebbs and flows . . . creating a filthy nuisance beggaring description.”&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grunsky argued that “Dilution in the waters of the bay and ocean [is] without doubt for San Francisco the natural and proper method of sewage disposal.&amp;quot; The city’s sewer planners assumed that the tides would sweep the sewage out to sea twice a day—Nature’s own flushing system. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
San Francisco continued building sewers in the southeast quadrant of the city in the 1920s and 1930s, routing that sewage to a new outfall at the Islais Creek Channel—another remnant of a bay inlet that had been filled. The channel soon gained the unflattering moniker, “S**t Creek.” South of the city, the dumping of raw sewage contaminated and forced closure of [[Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution|the bay’s last major oyster growing operation]] on tidal mudflats that would later be filled and paved to make runways at [[San Francisco Airport|San Francisco International Airport]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Sewage Farms in San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the late 1800s, even San Francisco had farms irrigated by sewage. In the Marina District, farmers used wastewater flowing downhill from the mansions on Pacific Heights. According to an 1893 city engineer&#039;s report, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The sewage of the Steiner Street sewer, and to some extent that of the Pierce Street, is being utilized during the spring and summer months for the irrigation of [[COW HOLLOW SANITATION SCANDAL c. 1900|Chinese vegetable gardens]] . . . north of Chestnut Street.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Statue of a Heroic Crusader who Spent his Life Fighting to Keep Statues out of Golden Gate Park.|John McLaren]], San Francisco&#039;s legendary parks director from 1893 to 1943, was always looking for ways to get more soil and compost to transform the western half of Golden Gate Park from sand dunes to lush greenery. He had the city&#039;s street sweepings, mainly horse manure before 1920, delivered to the park daily. Asked what he wanted for his birthday, he famously replied, &amp;quot;Twenty tons of good manure.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the city rebuilt from the 1906 Earthquake and Fire, McLaren arranged for the raw sewage from the city&#039;s western half, then only partly developed, to empty into two open irrigation ditches in Golden Gate Park. The public outcry over seeing (and smelling) sewage in the park was so intense, however, that McLaren was forced to build a septic tank in 1912 to remove the solid material before using the sewage. Continued public pressure, and the discovery of well water sources in the park, prompted McLaren to stop watering the park with sewage in 1916. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Golden Gate Park’s McQueen Plant Pioneers Secondary Treatment, Re-use&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1926, San Francisco’s Board of Parks Commissioners found a new method of treating sewage so it could again be used for irrigation in Golden Gate Park, but without offensive odors. They hired Henry E. Elrod, a Houston engineer who held patents on several sewage treatment technologies, to design a treatment plant using the “activated sludge process.” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This technique forces jets of air into concrete pools of primary-treated sewage to speed the growth of bacteria that break down the organic pollutants. Some of the resulting sludge—alive with bacteria, and thus “activated”—is constantly routed back to the aeration pools to help the bacteria multiply quickly. This mimics the natural process of bacteria breaking down the waste, but speeds it up from 90 days to as little as 90 minutes. This method, developed in Chicago by 1915, is now used for secondary sewage treatment in urban areas nationwide, thanks to the federal Clean Water Act of 1972. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Back in 1932, park boss John McLaren hired the McQueen Sewage Disposal Company, owned by Frank McQueen, to build the facility Elrod designed in the center of Golden Gate Park. The plant pumped up to a million gallons per day of treated wastewater into Elk Glen Lake,(1) where it acquired a green tint from microscopic algae. From there, it flowed into nearby Mallard Lake and continued westward through a ditch to the park’s Chain of Lakes. Even if you jumped over the ditch—as the author did dozens of times as a high school cross country runner in the 1970s—no sewage smell was noticeable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Golden Gate Park Sewer Archives1.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;McQueen Sewage Treatment Plant in Golden Gate Park, 1935.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: Golden Gate Park Sewer Archives&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The McQueen facility provided water to irrigate about 800 of the park’s 1,017 acres. During California’s 1976-1977 drought, it was recognized as the first of its kind, providing treated wastewater for reuse and helping conserve the city&#039;s drinking water. Its long-time operator, George Mallick, loved to give tours of the place. He predicted that it was the wave of the future in water-short California. But the aging plant was unable to meet stringent state water quality standards that took effect in the late 1970s and closed in 1982. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mallick was vindicated in 2018, when the city started building a recycled water facility at the Oceanside Water Pollution Control Plant, adjacent to the San Francisco Zoo. When construction was complete in 2023, the project started piping up to 4 million gallons per day of recycled water to a new pumping plant in Golden Gate Park, just a few steps from the old McQueen site. The water, treated to meet state standards using membrane filtration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet disinfection, will irrigate the park as well as golf courses at the Presidio and Lincoln Park.(2)  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;San Francisco Finally Cleans Up&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1971 and 1974, San Francisco adopted plans to comply with the state’s 1969 Porter-Cologne Act and the 1972 federal Clean Water Act by building two major secondary treatment facilities. Over the next 20 years, the city spent $1.6 billion to upgrade its entire system to secondary treatment. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the late 1970s, the city expanded the Southeast Treatment Plant to increase its capacity and provide secondary treatment. The [[Sewerage|new facilities]] started operating in July 1982, but that was only half the battle. With San Francisco’s combined wastewater and stormwater sewer system, every time it rained, the volume of water going to the treatment plants suddenly increased tenfold, or more—too much for the treatment plants to handle, so most of the untreated sewage/stormwater mixture went straight into the bay or ocean.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next, the city routed wastewater from the North Point primary treatment plant near Fisherman&#039;s Wharf to the Southeast Plant for secondary treatment. The North Point facility was still needed during the rainy season, when rain events overwhelmed the capacity of both plants. To solve this problem, the stormwater/sewage surge had to be contained, and fed to the treatment plants gradually after a rainstorm. For this, the city built hidden holding reservoirs for wet weather flows, 40 feet deep beneath the surface of Marina Boulevard and the Embarcadero. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With San Francisco&#039;s bayside pollution finally under control—more than 70 years after City Engineer Carl Grunsky said all of the city’s raw sewage should be dumped in the bay—the city’s Department of Public Works (DPW) turned its attention to the ocean side. In 1981-1982, the DPW built a mile-long concrete sewage reservoir beneath the Great Highway at Ocean Beach, to store the stormwater/sewage flows after each rainfall, until they could be treated at the aging Richmond-Sunset [primary] Treatment Plant in Golden Gate Park. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:WastewaterOceansideWWTP.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;San Francisco&#039;s Oceanside Water Pollution Control Plant, completed in 1993, enabled the city to shut down and demolish the 1938 primary sewage treatment facility at the southwest corner of Golden Gate Park.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: David D. Schmidt, 2003&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This reduced rainy season beach pollution while the city built the new Oceanside [secondary] Treatment Plant adjacent to the San Francisco Zoo. The new facility, partially underground and hidden from public view, opened in 1993, capping 20 years of planning and construction. The Oceanside plant can treat 2.8 cubic meters of sewage per second—up to 65 MGD. It removes up to 95% of the pollutants in the wastewater before discharging it in deep water 4.5 miles offshore, keeping the beaches clean. The old Richmond-Sunset Plant was demolished in 1995, bringing an unlamented end to more than 60 years of sewage treatment in Golden Gate Park. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the first time, the city had secondary treatment for all its sewage during the dry season and 2/3 of it during wet weather, when the wastewater was 94% street runoff and only 6% sewage. Only 10% of the stormwater/sewage surges were discharged without any treatment, flowing into the ocean and bay at the city&#039;s 36 &amp;quot;overflow structures&amp;quot; (outfalls). Two of them are highly visible: the concrete piers on Ocean Beach at Vicente Street and at Lincoln Way. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Pinhey, Nicholas, California Water Environment Association, [https://www.cwea.org/news/forgotten-facilities-golden-gate-parks-1932-recycled-water-plant/ “Forgotten Facilities: Golden Gate Park’s Recycled Water Plant,”] accessed in 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, [https://sfpuc.org/construction-contracts/construction-projects/westside-enhanced-water-recycling-project “Westside Enhanced Water Recycling Project,”] accessed June 2023.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:water]] [[category:Shoreline]] [[category:Power and Money]]  [[category:Public Health]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:1890s]] [[category:1900s]] [[category:1906]] [[category:1920s]] [[category:1930s]] [[category:1950s]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2010s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
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	</entry>
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		<updated>2026-05-26T19:58:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[category:Theme]] [[category:Books]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:American-Genocide-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hastings College of Law Built on Genocide?|Hastings College of Law Built on Genocide?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [http://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300230697/american-genocide &#039;&#039;An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873&#039;&#039;] (Yale University Press: New Haven &amp;amp; London 2016)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:A-Negotiated-Landscape-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[A Waterfront Planned: The 1990s and the New Millennium|A Waterfront Planned: The 1990s and the New Millennium]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Embarcadero Reborn|The Embarcadero Reborn]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Waterfront Land Use Plan|The Waterfront Land Use Plan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Problems of Waterfront Planning|Problems of Waterfront Planning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[A Waterfront for the People?|A Waterfront for the People?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pages from this book [http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/N/bo12387078.html &#039;&#039;A Negotiated Landscape&#039;&#039;] © 2011 Jasper Rubin and the Center for American Places at Columbia College Chicago, are excerpted with permission.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:BART-cover-RGB-onlineuse.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Originally published in [https://heydaybooks.com/catalog/bart-the-dramatic-history-of-the-bay-area-rapid-transit-system/ &#039;&#039;BART: The Dramatic History of the Bay Area Rapid Transit System&#039;&#039; Heyday Books]: Berkeley CA, 2016&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Key System and March of Progress|Key System and March of Progress]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit Commission—The Beginnings|San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit Commission—The Beginnings]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Planning and Selling BART|Planning and Selling BART]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Building San Francisco&#039;s BART tunnels|Building San Francisco&#039;s BART tunnels]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Bump-city-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Bump City&#039;&#039; by John Krich (City Miner Books, Berkeley CA: 1979); &lt;br /&gt;
Originally a chapter in &#039;&#039;Bump City&#039;&#039; called “Captain Sal and the Age of Irony” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Incredible Bottom of the Ninth Comeback! The Oakland A’s Win Game 5 of the 1972 World Series|Incredible Bottom of the Ninth Comeback! The Oakland A’s Win Game 5 of the 1972 World Series]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Front-cover-web-resolution-72-dpi.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chinatown Vice|Chinatown Vice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Golden Dragon Restaurant Massacre|The Golden Dragon Restaurant Massacre]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Six Companies|The Six Companies]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;By Kevin J. Mullen, excerpted with permission from &amp;quot;Chinatown Squad&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Issel Church and State sm.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;From pages 1-6, the Introduction to [http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/2257_reg.html &#039;&#039;&#039;Church and State in the City: Catholics and Politics in Twentieth-Century San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;] by William Issel. Used by permission of Temple University Press. © 2013 by Temple University. All Rights Reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Catholic San Francisco: A City of Contests|Catholic San Francisco: A City of Contests]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:CGC-cover.jpg|200px|]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [http://bloomsbury.com/us/cool-gray-city-of-love-9781608199600/ Bloomsbury], from the book “Cool Gray City of Love” available here: [http://www.indiebound.org/book/9781608199600 IndieBound], [http://www.citylights.com/book/?GCOI=87286100740730 City Lights], [http://www.amazon.com/Cool-Gray-City-Love-Francisco/dp/1608199606/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1386633018&amp;amp;sr=1-1&amp;amp;keywords=cool+gray+city+of+love+49+views+of+san+francisco Amazon], and [http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/cool-gray-city-of-love-gary-kamiya/1114764186?ean=9781608199600 B&amp;amp;N].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Searching for the Yelamu in San Francisco|Searching for the Yelamu in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Western Addition: A Basic History|Western Addition: A Basic History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Copaganda-cover-288px.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Copyright © 2025 by Alec Karakatsanis. This excerpt originally appeared in [https://thenewpress.org/books/copaganda/ &#039;&#039;Copaganda: How Police and the Media Manipulate Our News&#039;&#039;], published by The New Press. Reprinted here with permission.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Copaganda: The Recall of DA Chesa Boudin|Copaganda: The Recall of DA Chesa Boudin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:labor1$waitresses$dishout_itm$dish-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/86dnq7dp9780252061868.html &#039;&#039;Dishing It Out: Waitresses and Their Unions in the Twentieth Century&#039;&#039;], by Dorothy Sue Cobble (1991: University of Illinois Press: Urbana and Chicago&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[WAITRESSES and UNIONS The Fruits of Solidarity|WAITRESSES and UNIONS The Fruits of Solidarity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Paulson cover 200px.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Excerpted from &#039;&#039;Forty Years of Making ‘Good Trouble’—The Selected Writings of a San Francisco Labor Leader&#039;&#039; © Tim Paulson, 2021&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First published in the U.S. by Senders Communications Group, 16501 Ventura Blvd. #400, Encino, CA 91436&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Labor and the San Francisco Universal Health Care Security Ordinance|Labor and the San Francisco Universal Health Care Security Ordinance]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco is Beautiful, Difficult — but still a Union City|San Francisco is Beautiful, Difficult — but still a Union City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SF Labor Council Helps Cruise Line Workers|SF Labor Council Helps Cruise Line Workers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Free-City-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Originally published as the Epilogue in &#039;&#039;[https://pmpress.org/index.php?l=product_detail&amp;amp;p=1141 Free City! The Fight for San Francisco&#039;s City College and Education for All]&#039;&#039; by PM Press, 2021&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[City College of SF: One Struggle Sets the Table for the Next|City College of SF: One Struggle Sets the Table for the Next]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;The following pages are not excerpted directly from this book, but are earlier versions that ended up after further revisions as chapters.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Education ‘Reform’ Meets Gentrification in San Francisco at City College|Education ‘Reform’ Meets Gentrification in San Francisco at City College]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[City College Faculty Fights for Fairness|City College Faculty Fights for Fairness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Development Pressure Engulfs City College|Development Pressure Engulfs City College]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Gods-hotel-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;from [http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/306891/gods-hotel-by-victoria-sweet/9781594486548 &#039;&#039;God&#039;s Hotel: A Doctor, A Hospital, and a Pilgrimage to the Heart of Medicine&#039;&#039;] by Victoria Sweet, copyright © 2012 by Victoria Sweet. Used by permission of Riverhead, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Laguna Honda Hospital|Laguna Honda Hospital]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Front cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Excerpted from &#039;&#039;[https://www.amazon.com/God-Squad-Born-Again-Francisco-Giants/dp/1631322079/ The God Squad: The Born-Again San Francisco Giants of 1978].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BOO! The Giants&#039; Johnnie LeMaster|BOO! The Giants&#039; Johnnie LeMaster]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dave Dravecky&#039;s Miraculous Comeback|Dave Dravecky&#039;s Miraculous Comeback]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The God Squad|The God Squad]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Jack Clark&#039;s Revenge on the Dodgers|Jack Clark&#039;s Revenge on the Dodgers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mike Ivie: The Miracle Man|Mike Ivie: The Miracle Man]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Baranski-Housing-City-by-the-Bay-Cover-288px.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from [https://www.sup.org/books/history/housing-city-bay &#039;&#039;Housing the City by the Bay: Tenant Activism, Civil Rights, and Class Politics in San Francisco&#039;&#039;] by John Baranski, published by Stanford University Press. Used by permission. © Copyright 2019 by John Baranski. All rights reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Post-1906 Quake Housing Reform|Post-1906 Quake Housing Reform]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Burnham Plan and Tenement Housing|Burnham Plan and Tenement Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Association|San Francisco Housing Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Commission of Immigration and Housing|California Commission of Immigration and Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[World War I Housing Reform Effort|World War I Housing Reform Effort]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Segregated and Substandard Housing in the 1920s|Segregated and Substandard Housing in the 1920s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Housing Crisis Worsens at Start of Depression|Housing Crisis Worsens at Start of Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chinatown Tenants Win Public Housing Rent Strike|Chinatown Tenants Win Public Housing Rent Strike]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority and Mayor Moscone|San Francisco Housing Authority and Mayor Moscone]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority Tries to Buy I-Hotel|San Francisco Housing Authority Tries to Buy I-Hotel]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority and CANE|San Francisco Housing Authority and CANE]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority in the 1970s|San Francisco Housing Authority in the 1970s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Neoliberalism Dismantles Public Housing|Neoliberalism Dismantles Public Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SF Housing Authority Copes With Neoliberalism|SF Housing Authority Copes With Neoliberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Homelessness Surges in Wake of Neoliberalism|Homelessness Surges in Wake of Neoliberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Pink Palace Controversy|Pink Palace Controversy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Public Housing Tenant Movement Fractures|Public Housing Tenant Movement Fractures]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety Net Torn Up by Government|Safety Net Torn Up by Government]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Industrial-Cowboys-cover.jpg|200px|]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;This excerpt from [https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520245341/industrial-cowboys &#039;&#039;Industrial Cowboys Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Transformation of the Far West, 1850-1920&#039;&#039;] is used with permission. © David Igler, University of California Press: 2001&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Dirty Plate Route|Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Dirty Plate Route]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Latinos-at-the-golden-gate-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;excerpted from &#039;&#039;&#039;[http://www.uncpress.unc.edu/browse/book_detail?title_id=3444 Latinos at the Golden Gate: Creating Community and Identity in San Francisco]&#039;&#039;&#039;, by Tomás F. Summers Sandoval Jr., Copyright © 2013 by the [http://www.uncpress.unc.edu University of North Carolina Press]. Used by permission  of the publisher.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Midcentury Migrations|Midcentury Migrations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Tributary to San Francisco|Tributary to San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Lee-Felsenstein-book-cover 200px.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Excerpted with permission from: &#039;&#039;Me and My Big Ideas: Counterculture, Social Media, and the Future&#039;&#039; by Lee Felsenstein published by [https://www.FelsenSigns.com FelsenSigns]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Free Speech Movement 1964|Free Speech Movement 1964]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Working at Ampex|Working at Ampex]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Berkeley Barb and People&#039;s Park|Berkeley Barb and People&#039;s Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Founding of Ohlone Park|Founding of Ohlone Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Resource One|Resource One]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Installing a Mainframe at Project One|Installing a Mainframe at Project One]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Community Memory: The Beginning|Community Memory: The Beginning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Community Memory Evolves|Community Memory Evolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Homebrew Computer Club|Homebrew Computer Club]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Reflections on the End of Community Memory|Reflections on the End of Community Memory]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Craigslist|Craigslist]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Karl-book-2258 reg.gif]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mission Anti-Displacement Coalition|Mission Anti-Displacement Coalition]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rezoning the Eastern Neighborhoods in Early 2000s|Rezoning the Eastern Neighborhoods in Early 2000s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpts from [http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/2258_reg.html &#039;&#039;&#039;Local Protest, Global Movements: Capital, Community, and State In San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;] by Karl Beitel. Used by permission of Temple University Press. © 2013 by Temple University. All Rights Reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Berglund-Making-San-Francisco-American-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Exerpts from [https://kuecprd.ku.edu/~upress/cgi-bin/award-winners/978-0-7006-1722-7.html &#039;&#039;Making San Francisco American: Cultural Frontiers in the Urban West, 1846-1906&#039;&#039;] by Barbara Berglund (University Press of Kansas: Lawrence KS 2007)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: An Orientalist Exposition|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: An Orientalist Exposition]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: ’49 Mining Camp glorifies Gold Rush Fantasies|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: ’49 Mining Camp glorifies Gold Rush Fantasies]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Women’s Work and Vice|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Women’s Work and Vice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Depression and Poverty|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Depression and Poverty]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Medicine of Memoroy 9780292752672.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [https://utpress.utexas.edu/9780292752672/the-medicine-of-memory/| &#039;&#039;The Medicine of Memory&#039;&#039;] by Alejandro Murguía, published by the University of Texas Press, 2002.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The &amp;quot;Good Old Mission Days&amp;quot; Never Existed!|The &amp;quot;Good Old Mission Days&amp;quot; Never Existed!]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Mission-High-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from &#039;&#039;Mission High: One School, How Experts Tried to Fail It, and the Students and Teachers Who Made It Triumph&#039;&#039;, [https://www.boldtypebooks.com/titles/kristina-rizga/mission-high/9781568584621/ Bold Type Books]: 2015&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mission High School’s Innovative Anti-Racist Teaching|Mission High School’s Innovative Anti-Racist Teaching]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Desegregating San Francisco Public Schools in the 1960s|Desegregating San Francisco Public Schools in the 1960s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:More Than Shelter cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority 1937-1965: The Early Decades|San Francisco Housing Authority 1937-1965: The Early Decades]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from [https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/more-than-shelter &#039;&#039;More than Shelter: Activism and Community in San Francisco Public Housing&#039;&#039;] by Amy L. Howard. Used by permission of the University of Minnesota Press. © Copyright 2014 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Neon-Girls-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Strip-Club Business: A Brief History|Strip-Club Business: A Brief History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by Jennifer Worley, excerpted from [https://www.harpercollins.com/products/neon-girls-jennifer-worley?variant=32206140571682 &#039;&#039;Neon Girls: A Stripper&#039;s Education in Protest and Power&#039;&#039;] HarperCollins Books: 2020,&#039;&#039; a first-hand account of the epic union organizing campaign at the Lusty Lady Club in North Beach.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nanette-Jordan-Book-Cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Originally published in [https://www.amazon.com/Painting-Paintings-gilded-memoir-Revised/dp/B09TRLHBR2/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=&amp;amp;sr= &#039;&#039;Painting on Paintings: A Gilded Memoir&#039;&#039;], &#039;&#039;2022. Excerpted with Nanette Jordan&#039;s permission. &#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Sutro Baths Eerie Ice Rink|Sutro Baths Eerie Ice Rink]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Playland is a Nightmare|Playland is a Nightmare]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Abalone Boom and Bust|Abalone Boom and Bust]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Borax King and Key System in East Bay|Borax King and Key System in East Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chinese Shrimp Camps Along The Bay|Chinese Shrimp Camps Along The Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[David Hewes and His Steam Paddy Works|David Hewes and His Steam Paddy Works]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Edgar and Peggy Wayburn, Phillip Burton Saved Vast Lands|Edgar and Peggy Wayburn, Phillip Burton Saved Vast Lands]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Filling The Bay Along San Francisco’s Southern Waterfront|Filling The Bay Along San Francisco’s Southern Waterfront]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mercury Mining|Mercury Mining]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution|Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Restoring Natural Areas in San Francisco|Restoring Natural Areas in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston|Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco&#039;s Drinking Water|San Francisco&#039;s Drinking Water]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco&#039;s Garbage: From Mission Bay to Altamont|San Francisco&#039;s Garbage: From Mission Bay to Altamont]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s|San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Saving Richardson Bay; Harold Gilliam Sounds the Alarm 1955-58|Saving Richardson Bay; Harold Gilliam Sounds the Alarm 1955-58]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[When Crab Was King at Fisherman’s Wharf|When Crab Was King at Fisherman’s Wharf]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Secret-Ugly-full-cover 6-inches.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from &#039;&#039;The Secret Ugly: The Hidden History of US Germ War in Korea&#039;&#039; by Thomas Powell, [mailto:edgewatereditions@gmail.com Edgewater Editions]: 2023.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[War in Korea|War in Korea]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Powell/Schuman Sedition Trial|Powell/Schuman Sedition Trial]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bill Powell Exposes Post-WWII US-Japan Germ War Deal|Bill Powell Exposes Post-WWII US-Japan Germ War Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Growing Up ‘Red’ in 1950s San Francisco|Growing Up ‘Red’ in 1950s San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Sixth-star-cover-72-dpi-4x5.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Sixth Star book cover&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Sixth Star|The Sixth Star]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Women&#039;s Suffrage 1870|Women&#039;s Suffrage 1870]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ellen Clark Sargent|Ellen Clark Sargent]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Emily Pitts Stevens|Emily Pitts Stevens]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Women’s Co-operative Printing Union|Women’s Co-operative Printing Union]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[West Coast Women&#039;s Congress Association|West Coast Women&#039;s Congress Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Suffragettes Gather|Suffragettes Gather]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Sarah B. Cooper|Sarah B. Cooper]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Bifurcated Skirt|The Bifurcated Skirt]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[First California Women in Law|First California Women in Law]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Nellie Holbrook Blinn|Nellie Holbrook Blinn]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Elizabeth Lowe Watson|Elizabeth Lowe Watson]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Championing the Working Woman|Championing the Working Woman]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Coyote sleeping-where-I-fall-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from &amp;quot;Sleeping Where I Fall&amp;quot; by [http://www.petercoyote.com/sleeping.html Peter Coyote], published by Counterpoint, Washington, D.C., 1998&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Digger Concept of &#039;Free&#039;|The Digger Concept of &#039;Free&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Street fight 9781613762608.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Second Freeway Revolt|Second Freeway Revolt]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Conservative Fight to Save Central Freeway|Conservative Fight to Save Central Freeway]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dueling Ballots: The Central Freeway’s Fate|Dueling Ballots: The Central Freeway’s Fate]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These articles are excerpted, with permission, from Henderson&#039;s book [http://www.umass.edu/umpress/title/street-fight &#039;&#039;Street Fight: The Politics of Mobility in San Francisco&#039;&#039;], © 2013&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Streetopia cover 9780692424285.jpg|200px|left]] &#039;&#039;Excerpts from [https://www.ericadawnlyle.info/streetopiabook &#039;&#039;Streetopia&#039;&#039;], in the essay &amp;quot;The Uses of Market Street&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Redevelopment vs. Ecotopia|Redevelopment vs. Ecotopia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Singularity?|San Francisco Singularity?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Uses of Market Street|Uses of Market Street]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Problem with Parklets|Problem with Parklets]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Roxanas Children book cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Yankee Women|Yankee Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from &#039;&#039;Roxana&#039;s Children: The Biography of a Nineteenth-Century Vermont Family&#039;&#039; by Lynn A. Bonfield and Mary C. Morrison (Amherst: © 1995, University of Massachusetts Press)&#039;&#039;.&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Restoring_Natural_Areas_in_San_Francisco&amp;diff=39121</id>
		<title>Restoring Natural Areas in San Francisco</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Restoring_Natural_Areas_in_San_Francisco&amp;diff=39121"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T19:57:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Bernal-Hts-green 20220213 234338555.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Bernal Heights in 2022, after decades of work to re-establish native plants and to reduce the presence of invasive species.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Of all the Bay Area counties, San Francisco has the least remaining habitat for native plants and wildlife, though it still has an amazingly diverse 509 species of indigenous plants—down from 766 in the late 1800s.(1) In 1974, recognizing the city&#039;s last chance to save dwindling fragments of undeveloped land, the Board of Supervisors placed Proposition J on the ballot, to create an Open Space Fund for buying these properties and preserving them as city parks. These grassy hillsides and hilltops were already being used as parks by local residents, who were often shocked and upset when developers showed up with bulldozers to begin construction. City voters approved Proposition J and its successor, Proposition E in 1988, to renew the fund.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After acquiring these lands, however, the city&#039;s Recreation and Park Department did nothing with them—not even picking up trash. Neighbors such as California Native Plant Society (CNPS) members Roland and Barbara Pitschel began to pick up litter regularly on Bernal Hill in 1986. They noticed that invasive weeds like wild radish and fennel were threatening the small remnant native plant areas on the hill, so they began pulling these weeds, too. Jake Sigg, leader of the Yerba Buena (San Francisco) CNPS chapter, saw that invasive French broom was spreading over the grasslands of Twin Peaks and Mount Davidson, two of the city&#039;s biggest native plant habitats, so in 1988 he asked the parks department for permission to start removing it from these and other natural areas in the city’s parks. Sigg recruited another CNPS volunteer, Greg Gaar, and started weekly broom-pulling sessions. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Throughout San Francisco’s 31 natural areas, the remnant patches of native plants were shrinking before advancing thickets of French broom, radish, and other invasive weeds. Removing them was far too big a job for two volunteers, so Sigg and local CNPS members pleaded with the city&#039;s park managers to assign staff to care for the natural areas. Park planner Deborah Learner drafted a management plan in 1995, and the parks department in 1997 began hiring a crew of eight to carry it out.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These eight, the park department’s Natural Resources Division (NRD), have been working with Sigg, CNPS and other volunteers for more than 25 years at 31 natural areas throughout the city, including the native live oak forest in Golden Gate Park’s northeast corner. The NRD also grows native plant seedlings, and plants them by the thousands each year in areas cleared of invasive weeds. Among NRD’s biggest successes was the restoration of riparian habitat in Glen Park along the city’s last remaining stretch of natural creek (outside the Presidio), in the late 1990s and 2000s. There, they removed English ivy and reintroduced Scarlet monkeyflower in the creekbed, which had been extirpated from San Francisco in the late 1800s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Glen-canyon-riparian-corridor-2013 5440.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Islais Creek running through Glen Canyon, 2013.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the early 2000s an overzealous volunteer girdled several Eucalyptus trees on Bayview Hill and Mount Davidson, provoking intense opposition from neighbors. The parks department promised not to remove large trees without community input, and commissioned detailed restoration plans for each natural area, balancing existing park uses with native plant restoration. The plans were released, and public hearings held in 2005. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Through several years of turmoil, the NRD and CNPS volunteers persevered, pushing back the tide of invasive plants and convincing even some of their detractors that native plant restoration, by removing dense thickets of invasive weeds, increases usable parkland for everyone. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Pier 98/Heron&#039;s Head Park&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On San Francisco&#039;s gritty industrial shoreline near Hunters Point, a 25-acre artificial peninsula remained from an abandoned 1960s container ship dock project. A proposal to use the peninsula as the eastern end of a new Bay Bridge fell through when voters rejected the bridge plan in 1972. Environmentalists lobbied the city’s Port Commission for decades to restore the area to its original state—open water—by removing the fill, but the commission rejected the idea as too expensive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Herons-Head 20221023 231226659.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Heron&#039;s Head Park looking southwest.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, the bay’s waves reshaped the fill. Tidal pools formed, providing habitat for migratory birds. Pickleweed, a salt marsh plant, began to appear—the first sign of a salt marsh in San Francisco in more than half a century.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Recognizing the natural restoration underway, the Port Commission agreed to make the peninsula a park, and transition the tidal pools to tidal marsh. The peninsula&#039;s shape suggested a heron&#039;s head and beak, so they named it Heron&#039;s Head Park. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1998, workers removed 5,000 tons of debris and dug a meandering trench to restore tidal flows. The following year, a crew put down 550 cubic yards of topsoil, and put in 3,000 native plant seedlings on the dry, non-tidal area. Over the next five years, students from nearby schools and San Francisco City College, brought in by the nonprofit Literacy for Environmental Justice, planted native salt marsh plants in the tidal area, added more natives in the dry area, and uprooted invasive weeds. Additional native plants came in spontaneously, brought by the tides or birds. By 2004, 68 plant species had gained a foothold at Heron’s Head Park. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;San Bruno Mountain&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Bruno Mountain|San Bruno Mountain]], home to an incredible array of 314 species of native plants, has been the focus of ecological restoration projects since the early 1990s. This massive ridge, just a mile north of SFO, is the largest intact remnant of the Franciscan ecosystem that once covered San Francisco and the mountain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1993, the San Mateo County Parks Department called in loggers to take out about 40 acres of Blue Gum Eucalyptus trees spreading in the middle of the park. Though moist and green, the grove was a biological wasteland, its understory consisting mostly of South African Cape Ivy. As soon as the loggers began piling up tree trunks, however, the county parks department started getting complaints from people outraged by the destruction of trees. So the department halted the operation, leaving more than 10 acres of Eucalyptus intact. The 30-acre cleared area was restored with native plants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s and early 2000s there were two ongoing restoration efforts: The first involved San Mateo County Parks consultant Thomas Reid and Associates, who were tasked with eradicating the thorny, invasive European shrub gorse, which had spread into a gigantic impenetrable thicket over the mountain&#039;s northern plateau. Herbicides were powerless against it: The resilient shrubs came back thicker than ever from millions of seeds on the ground. In 2004, Reid brought in an excavator that uprooted and shredded more than 95% of the gorse. These didn’t come back, but a few dozen escaped the shredder, and continued spreading into the 2020s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second, ongoing since about 1990, was started by [[San Bruno Mountain Watch|San Bruno Mountain Watch]] founder David Schooley. The group has led volunteer work parties in Buckeye and Owl Canyons, near the small city of Brisbane, to uproot French broom, Italian thistle, poison hemlock, fennel, Ehrharta grass, and other invasive plants. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On January 1, 2023, severe landslides swept down both canyons, scouring the creekbeds and leaving barren areas of rocks and mud at the bottom. In the next six months, thousands of invasive weeds sprang up, including dense patches of poisonous South American forked nightshade. Over the next year, the Yerba Buena (San Francisco) Chapter of CNPS teamed with San Bruno Mountain Watch on five volunteer days with up to 20 people pulling and digging out a total of about 20,000 weeds, from nightshade seedlings to 7-foot-tall poison hemlock. By mid-2024, dozens of native plant species had re-populated the barren areas.(2) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston|Restoring Federal Lands in SF]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Wood, Michael, &#039;&#039;Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Francisco&#039;&#039;, Third Edition (San Francisco: California Native Plant Society, Yerba Buena Chapter, April 2022), 7.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Personal observations by the author, April 2023-June 2024.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:Parks]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Species]] [[category:Bernal Heights]] [[category:Golden Gate Park]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2000s]] [[category:2010s]] [[category:2020s]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Bayview/Hunter&#039;s Point]] [[category:South Bay and Peninsula]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=File:Herons-Head_20221023_231226659.jpg&amp;diff=39120</id>
		<title>File:Herons-Head 20221023 231226659.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=File:Herons-Head_20221023_231226659.jpg&amp;diff=39120"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T19:55:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Restoring_Natural_Areas_on_Federal_Lands_in_San_Francisco:_Presidio_and_Fort_Funston&amp;diff=39119</id>
		<title>Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Restoring_Natural_Areas_on_Federal_Lands_in_San_Francisco:_Presidio_and_Fort_Funston&amp;diff=39119"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T19:50:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Gulls-and-heron-at-crissy-lagoon-w-ggb 20221015 184824708.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Dozens of seagulls flock while a lone heron sits in the restored Crissy Field lagoon, 2022.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1994, when the National Park Service took command of San Francisco&#039;s Presidio after more than 200 years of military use, Sharon Farrell began organizing the park&#039;s habitat restoration efforts. She quickly established a native plant nursery, and put [[Community-Based Ecological Restoration at the Presidio|hundreds of volunteers]] to work growing, planting, removing invasive weeds, and monitoring native species, including such endangered plants as San Francisco Lessingia and Raven&#039;s Manzanita—the lone individual of its subspecies, discovered by famed botanist Peter Raven when he was a St. Ignatius High School student in the 1950s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under Farrell&#039;s management, the number of tiny Lessingia plants in the Presidio soared from about 300 to tens of thousands. Key to this success was a bizarre windfall: In December 1995, a severe rainstorm blew open an old brick sewage conduit, causing a house to collapse at the Presidio’s western boundary and spilling raw sewage into the Presidio&#039;s Lobos Creek. The city of San Francisco paid a substantial penalty for polluting the creek, and the Presidio got a big chunk of the money. Farrell put it toward restoration of sand dune habitat bordering the creek. Bulldozers removed acres of invasive ice plant and recreated dunes. The nursery grew thousands of native dune plant seedlings; volunteers and work crews planted them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Park Service’s non-profit partner, the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, secured $34.4 million (including $18 million from the Haas family) for a bigger project: The transformation of Crissy Field, a half-mile-long expanse of windswept pavement from an old military airfield on the Presidio&#039;s northeast shoreline, into a restored wetland and dune ecosystem, plus a grassy recreation area. In 1999, excavators broke up the pavement, and contractors removed 87,000 tons of soil and sand contaminated by fuel leaks and spills from the airfield. They scooped out a 20-acre basin to recreate a tidal lagoon, and restored dunes along the shore. Asphalt and concrete were recycled as material for new pathways. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part of the original lagoon had been used as the Presidio’s trash dump in the late 1800s. Archeologists carefully sifted the debris, removing thousands of artifacts. The nursery expanded to produce more than 100,000 seedlings planted around the lagoon by 3,000 volunteers in the winters of 2000 and 2001. The 29-acre recreation field was seeded with native grasses. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Elegant-Terns-at-Crissy-Lagoon 20221013 234713400.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hundreds of Elegant Terns gather on mud island in restored Crissy Field lagoon, 2022.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By 2000, bird-watchers had spotted 120 bird species, many of them stopping at the new lagoon in their migrations. When the [[Crissy Field restored|new Crissy Field]] was dedicated in May 2001, it was already popular with city residents and tourists walking to the Golden Gate Bridge. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Over the next 20 years, park managers expanded the habitat restoration effort south from the lagoon into the Tennessee Hollow watershed, removing 77,000 tons of trash from another old landfill in 2006 to daylight Petlenuc Creek, named after an Ohlone village dating back to Presidio’s founding in 1776.(1)  By 2012, they had taken out a paved road at El Polin Spring, source of the creek, and park crews joined volunteers restoring the surrounding valley with thousands of native plant seedlings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2019, park managers took stock of 25 years of restoration. Thousands of volunteers had worked more than 263,000 hours removing more than 4 million gallons of invasive weeds and planting 799,000 native seedlings.(2) One star volunteer alone, cheerful retired tax attorney Charlie Starbuck, put in 10,000 hours over 3,000 days. “He was our Beatles,” said Lewis Stringer, associate director of natural resources for the Presidio Trust, when Starbuck died in 2021. “He had screaming fans.”(3) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Macarthur-meadow-wetlands 20260127 204637693.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;MacArthur Meadow, a restored wetland that is part of the Tennessee Hollow watershed, 2026.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During that time, eight completed projects had restored the entire 270-acre Tennessee Hollow watershed to native vegetation, from serpentine grasslands with rare native plants like Presidio Clarkia and Franciscan manzanita, to creekside wetlands and meadows, to Crissy Field Lagoon. It was the nation’s first urban watershed to be entirely restored. Elsewhere in the Presidio, 12 additional projects removed old trash landfills, deepened Mountain Lake (a misnomer; its original name, Laguna de Loma Alta, meant “Lake of the High Hill”) and restored its native three-spined stickleback fish, Pacific chorus frogs,(4) Western pond turtles, rare forktail damselflies,(5) and adjacent wetlands; daylighted Dragonfly Creek; restored oak woodlands and dunes, and re-introduced checkerspot butterflies, which had vanished by the 1980s.(6) Rare, sand-loving silver digger bees, which pollinate many native plants, moved in on their own in 2019, nearly a century after the species disappeared from San Francisco.(7)  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fort Funston, a former coastal defense base on the ocean shoreline south of the San Francisco zoo, is also part of the Golden Gate National Parks. The fort occupied 250 acres of sand dunes once covered with dozens of species of native dune plants, but starting in the 1930s much of it was bulldozed during construction of gun emplacements and roads. The Army then planted South African ice plant to stabilize the dunes. Over the next 50 years, the ice plant expanded in all directions, smothering most of the native plants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Park Service built a small nursery in 1980 to raise native plant seedlings, and begin restoring the dunes. The nursery, run by volunteers, was producing more than 6,000 seedlings annually in the 1990s and early 2000s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1992, volunteers began removing ice plant from seven acres of dunes adjacent to sandy cliffs overlooking Ocean Beach. The goal was not just to restore native plants, but to help bank swallows, a threatened bird that nests in the cliffs. The plants attract insects, providing food for the birds. Between 1992 and 1995, volunteers planted 35,000 seedlings. Each year since then, volunteers and park staff have rolled back acres of ice plant, replacing it with more than a dozen species of native dune plants.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Fort-funston-ice-plant 20210113 220559724.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Still lots of ice plant to remove in 2021 at Fort Funston!&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Fimrite, Peter, “Presidio creek restoration reaches crucial final stage,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Feb. 8, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Fimrite, Peter, “Turning back time to renew old habitat,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Dec. 2, 2019.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Whiting, Sam, “Prolific volunteer for urban forest,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Sep. 26, 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Perlman, David, “Plants long unseen pop up at Presidio,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, July 16, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Perlman, David, “Rare flies introduced at Presidio’s waters,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Oct. 16, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Rubenstein, Steve, “Emerging plan: 300 caterpillars’ big move,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Mar. 14, 2017.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Fimrite, Peter, “Return of bees creating buzz after Presidio’s habitat work,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Mar. 29, 2019.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:Parks]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Species]] [[category:Presidio]] [[category:Sunset]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2000s]] [[category:2010s]] [[category:2020s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Restoring_Natural_Areas_on_Federal_Lands_in_San_Francisco:_Presidio_and_Fort_Funston&amp;diff=39118</id>
		<title>Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Restoring_Natural_Areas_on_Federal_Lands_in_San_Francisco:_Presidio_and_Fort_Funston&amp;diff=39118"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T19:48:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Gulls-and-heron-at-crissy-lagoon-w-ggb 20221015 184824708.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Dozens of seagulls flock while a lone heron sits in the restored Crissy Field lagoon, 2022.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1994, when the National Park Service took command of San Francisco&#039;s Presidio after more than 200 years of military use, Sharon Farrell began organizing the park&#039;s habitat restoration efforts. She quickly established a native plant nursery, and put hundreds of volunteers to work growing, planting, removing invasive weeds, and monitoring native species, including such endangered plants as San Francisco Lessingia and Raven&#039;s Manzanita—the lone individual of its subspecies, discovered by famed botanist Peter Raven when he was a St. Ignatius High School student in the 1950s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under Farrell&#039;s management, the number of tiny Lessingia plants in the Presidio soared from about 300 to tens of thousands. Key to this success was a bizarre windfall: In December 1995, a severe rainstorm blew open an old brick sewage conduit, causing a house to collapse at the Presidio’s western boundary and spilling raw sewage into the Presidio&#039;s Lobos Creek. The city of San Francisco paid a substantial penalty for polluting the creek, and the Presidio got a big chunk of the money. Farrell put it toward restoration of sand dune habitat bordering the creek. Bulldozers removed acres of invasive ice plant and recreated dunes. The nursery grew thousands of native dune plant seedlings; volunteers and work crews planted them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Park Service’s non-profit partner, the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, secured $34.4 million (including $18 million from the Haas family) for a bigger project: The transformation of Crissy Field, a half-mile-long expanse of windswept pavement from an old military airfield on the Presidio&#039;s northeast shoreline, into a restored wetland and dune ecosystem, plus a grassy recreation area. In 1999, excavators broke up the pavement, and contractors removed 87,000 tons of soil and sand contaminated by fuel leaks and spills from the airfield. They scooped out a 20-acre basin to recreate a tidal lagoon, and restored dunes along the shore. Asphalt and concrete were recycled as material for new pathways. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part of the original lagoon had been used as the Presidio’s trash dump in the late 1800s. Archeologists carefully sifted the debris, removing thousands of artifacts. The nursery expanded to produce more than 100,000 seedlings planted around the lagoon by 3,000 volunteers in the winters of 2000 and 2001. The 29-acre recreation field was seeded with native grasses. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Elegant-Terns-at-Crissy-Lagoon 20221013 234713400.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hundreds of Elegant Terns gather on mud island in restored Crissy Field lagoon, 2022.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By 2000, bird-watchers had spotted 120 bird species, many of them stopping at the new lagoon in their migrations. When the [[Crissy Field restored|new Crissy Field]] was dedicated in May 2001, it was already popular with city residents and tourists walking to the Golden Gate Bridge. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Over the next 20 years, park managers expanded the habitat restoration effort south from the lagoon into the Tennessee Hollow watershed, removing 77,000 tons of trash from another old landfill in 2006 to daylight Petlenuc Creek, named after an Ohlone village dating back to Presidio’s founding in 1776.(1)  By 2012, they had taken out a paved road at El Polin Spring, source of the creek, and park crews joined volunteers restoring the surrounding valley with thousands of native plant seedlings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2019, park managers took stock of 25 years of restoration. Thousands of volunteers had worked more than 263,000 hours removing more than 4 million gallons of invasive weeds and planting 799,000 native seedlings.(2) One star volunteer alone, cheerful retired tax attorney Charlie Starbuck, put in 10,000 hours over 3,000 days. “He was our Beatles,” said Lewis Stringer, associate director of natural resources for the Presidio Trust, when Starbuck died in 2021. “He had screaming fans.”(3) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Macarthur-meadow-wetlands 20260127 204637693.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;MacArthur Meadow, a restored wetland that is part of the Tennessee Hollow watershed, 2026.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During that time, eight completed projects had restored the entire 270-acre Tennessee Hollow watershed to native vegetation, from serpentine grasslands with rare native plants like Presidio Clarkia and Franciscan manzanita, to creekside wetlands and meadows, to Crissy Field Lagoon. It was the nation’s first urban watershed to be entirely restored. Elsewhere in the Presidio, 12 additional projects removed old trash landfills, deepened Mountain Lake (a misnomer; its original name, Laguna de Loma Alta, meant “Lake of the High Hill”) and restored its native three-spined stickleback fish, Pacific chorus frogs,(4) Western pond turtles, rare forktail damselflies,(5) and adjacent wetlands; daylighted Dragonfly Creek; restored oak woodlands and dunes, and re-introduced checkerspot butterflies, which had vanished by the 1980s.(6) Rare, sand-loving silver digger bees, which pollinate many native plants, moved in on their own in 2019, nearly a century after the species disappeared from San Francisco.(7)  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fort Funston, a former coastal defense base on the ocean shoreline south of the San Francisco zoo, is also part of the Golden Gate National Parks. The fort occupied 250 acres of sand dunes once covered with dozens of species of native dune plants, but starting in the 1930s much of it was bulldozed during construction of gun emplacements and roads. The Army then planted South African ice plant to stabilize the dunes. Over the next 50 years, the ice plant expanded in all directions, smothering most of the native plants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Park Service built a small nursery in 1980 to raise native plant seedlings, and begin restoring the dunes. The nursery, run by volunteers, was producing more than 6,000 seedlings annually in the 1990s and early 2000s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1992, volunteers began removing ice plant from seven acres of dunes adjacent to sandy cliffs overlooking Ocean Beach. The goal was not just to restore native plants, but to help bank swallows, a threatened bird that nests in the cliffs. The plants attract insects, providing food for the birds. Between 1992 and 1995, volunteers planted 35,000 seedlings. Each year since then, volunteers and park staff have rolled back acres of ice plant, replacing it with more than a dozen species of native dune plants.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Fort-funston-ice-plant 20210113 220559724.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Still lots of ice plant to remove in 2021 at Fort Funston!&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Fimrite, Peter, “Presidio creek restoration reaches crucial final stage,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Feb. 8, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Fimrite, Peter, “Turning back time to renew old habitat,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Dec. 2, 2019.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Whiting, Sam, “Prolific volunteer for urban forest,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Sep. 26, 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Perlman, David, “Plants long unseen pop up at Presidio,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, July 16, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Perlman, David, “Rare flies introduced at Presidio’s waters,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Oct. 16, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Rubenstein, Steve, “Emerging plan: 300 caterpillars’ big move,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Mar. 14, 2017.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Fimrite, Peter, “Return of bees creating buzz after Presidio’s habitat work,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Mar. 29, 2019.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:Parks]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Species]] [[category:Presidio]] [[category:Sunset]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2000s]] [[category:2010s]] [[category:2020s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Restoring_Natural_Areas_on_Federal_Lands_in_San_Francisco:_Presidio_and_Fort_Funston&amp;diff=39117</id>
		<title>Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Restoring_Natural_Areas_on_Federal_Lands_in_San_Francisco:_Presidio_and_Fort_Funston&amp;diff=39117"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T19:48:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &amp;#039;&amp;#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&amp;#039;&amp;#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).  In 1994, when the National Park Service took command of San Francisco&amp;#039;s Presidio after more than 200 years of military use, Sharon Farrell began orga...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1994, when the National Park Service took command of San Francisco&#039;s Presidio after more than 200 years of military use, Sharon Farrell began organizing the park&#039;s habitat restoration efforts. She quickly established a native plant nursery, and put hundreds of volunteers to work growing, planting, removing invasive weeds, and monitoring native species, including such endangered plants as San Francisco Lessingia and Raven&#039;s Manzanita—the lone individual of its subspecies, discovered by famed botanist Peter Raven when he was a St. Ignatius High School student in the 1950s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under Farrell&#039;s management, the number of tiny Lessingia plants in the Presidio soared from about 300 to tens of thousands. Key to this success was a bizarre windfall: In December 1995, a severe rainstorm blew open an old brick sewage conduit, causing a house to collapse at the Presidio’s western boundary and spilling raw sewage into the Presidio&#039;s Lobos Creek. The city of San Francisco paid a substantial penalty for polluting the creek, and the Presidio got a big chunk of the money. Farrell put it toward restoration of sand dune habitat bordering the creek. Bulldozers removed acres of invasive ice plant and recreated dunes. The nursery grew thousands of native dune plant seedlings; volunteers and work crews planted them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Park Service’s non-profit partner, the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, secured $34.4 million (including $18 million from the Haas family) for a bigger project: The transformation of Crissy Field, a half-mile-long expanse of windswept pavement from an old military airfield on the Presidio&#039;s northeast shoreline, into a restored wetland and dune ecosystem, plus a grassy recreation area. In 1999, excavators broke up the pavement, and contractors removed 87,000 tons of soil and sand contaminated by fuel leaks and spills from the airfield. They scooped out a 20-acre basin to recreate a tidal lagoon, and restored dunes along the shore. Asphalt and concrete were recycled as material for new pathways. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part of the original lagoon had been used as the Presidio’s trash dump in the late 1800s. Archeologists carefully sifted the debris, removing thousands of artifacts. The nursery expanded to produce more than 100,000 seedlings planted around the lagoon by 3,000 volunteers in the winters of 2000 and 2001. The 29-acre recreation field was seeded with native grasses. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Elegant-Terns-at-Crissy-Lagoon 20221013 234713400.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hundreds of Elegant Terns gather on mud island in restored Crissy Field lagoon, 2022.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Gulls-and-heron-at-crissy-lagoon-w-ggb 20221015 184824708.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Dozens of seagulls flock while a lone heron sits in the restored Crissy Field lagoon, 2022.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By 2000, bird-watchers had spotted 120 bird species, many of them stopping at the new lagoon in their migrations. When the [[Crissy Field restored|new Crissy Field]] was dedicated in May 2001, it was already popular with city residents and tourists walking to the Golden Gate Bridge. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Over the next 20 years, park managers expanded the habitat restoration effort south from the lagoon into the Tennessee Hollow watershed, removing 77,000 tons of trash from another old landfill in 2006 to daylight Petlenuc Creek, named after an Ohlone village dating back to Presidio’s founding in 1776.(1)  By 2012, they had taken out a paved road at El Polin Spring, source of the creek, and park crews joined volunteers restoring the surrounding valley with thousands of native plant seedlings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2019, park managers took stock of 25 years of restoration. Thousands of volunteers had worked more than 263,000 hours removing more than 4 million gallons of invasive weeds and planting 799,000 native seedlings.(2) One star volunteer alone, cheerful retired tax attorney Charlie Starbuck, put in 10,000 hours over 3,000 days. “He was our Beatles,” said Lewis Stringer, associate director of natural resources for the Presidio Trust, when Starbuck died in 2021. “He had screaming fans.”(3) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Macarthur-meadow-wetlands 20260127 204637693.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;MacArthur Meadow, a restored wetland that is part of the Tennessee Hollow watershed, 2026.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During that time, eight completed projects had restored the entire 270-acre Tennessee Hollow watershed to native vegetation, from serpentine grasslands with rare native plants like Presidio Clarkia and Franciscan manzanita, to creekside wetlands and meadows, to Crissy Field Lagoon. It was the nation’s first urban watershed to be entirely restored. Elsewhere in the Presidio, 12 additional projects removed old trash landfills, deepened Mountain Lake (a misnomer; its original name, Laguna de Loma Alta, meant “Lake of the High Hill”) and restored its native three-spined stickleback fish, Pacific chorus frogs,(4) Western pond turtles, rare forktail damselflies,(5) and adjacent wetlands; daylighted Dragonfly Creek; restored oak woodlands and dunes, and re-introduced checkerspot butterflies, which had vanished by the 1980s.(6) Rare, sand-loving silver digger bees, which pollinate many native plants, moved in on their own in 2019, nearly a century after the species disappeared from San Francisco.(7)  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fort Funston, a former coastal defense base on the ocean shoreline south of the San Francisco zoo, is also part of the Golden Gate National Parks. The fort occupied 250 acres of sand dunes once covered with dozens of species of native dune plants, but starting in the 1930s much of it was bulldozed during construction of gun emplacements and roads. The Army then planted South African ice plant to stabilize the dunes. Over the next 50 years, the ice plant expanded in all directions, smothering most of the native plants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Park Service built a small nursery in 1980 to raise native plant seedlings, and begin restoring the dunes. The nursery, run by volunteers, was producing more than 6,000 seedlings annually in the 1990s and early 2000s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1992, volunteers began removing ice plant from seven acres of dunes adjacent to sandy cliffs overlooking Ocean Beach. The goal was not just to restore native plants, but to help bank swallows, a threatened bird that nests in the cliffs. The plants attract insects, providing food for the birds. Between 1992 and 1995, volunteers planted 35,000 seedlings. Each year since then, volunteers and park staff have rolled back acres of ice plant, replacing it with more than a dozen species of native dune plants.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Fort-funston-ice-plant 20210113 220559724.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Still lots of ice plant to remove in 2021 at Fort Funston!&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Fimrite, Peter, “Presidio creek restoration reaches crucial final stage,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Feb. 8, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Fimrite, Peter, “Turning back time to renew old habitat,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Dec. 2, 2019.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Whiting, Sam, “Prolific volunteer for urban forest,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Sep. 26, 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Perlman, David, “Plants long unseen pop up at Presidio,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, July 16, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Perlman, David, “Rare flies introduced at Presidio’s waters,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Oct. 16, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Rubenstein, Steve, “Emerging plan: 300 caterpillars’ big move,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Mar. 14, 2017.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Fimrite, Peter, “Return of bees creating buzz after Presidio’s habitat work,” &#039;&#039;S.F. Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Mar. 29, 2019.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:Parks]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Species]] [[category:Presidio]] [[category:Sunset]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2000s]] [[category:2010s]] [[category:2020s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
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		<updated>2026-05-26T19:47:25Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-26T19:43:47Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-26T19:42:36Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-26T19:41:41Z</updated>

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		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Restoring_Natural_Areas_in_San_Francisco&amp;diff=39112</id>
		<title>Restoring Natural Areas in San Francisco</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Restoring_Natural_Areas_in_San_Francisco&amp;diff=39112"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T19:27:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &amp;#039;&amp;#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&amp;#039;&amp;#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).  Image:Bernal-Hts-green 20220213 234338555.jpg  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bernal Heights in 2022, after decades of work to re-establish native plants and to reduce the p...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Bernal-Hts-green 20220213 234338555.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Bernal Heights in 2022, after decades of work to re-establish native plants and to reduce the presence of invasive species.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Of all the Bay Area counties, San Francisco has the least remaining habitat for native plants and wildlife, though it still has an amazingly diverse 509 species of indigenous plants—down from 766 in the late 1800s.(1) In 1974, recognizing the city&#039;s last chance to save dwindling fragments of undeveloped land, the Board of Supervisors placed Proposition J on the ballot, to create an Open Space Fund for buying these properties and preserving them as city parks. These grassy hillsides and hilltops were already being used as parks by local residents, who were often shocked and upset when developers showed up with bulldozers to begin construction. City voters approved Proposition J and its successor, Proposition E in 1988, to renew the fund.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After acquiring these lands, however, the city&#039;s Recreation and Park Department did nothing with them—not even picking up trash. Neighbors such as California Native Plant Society (CNPS) members Roland and Barbara Pitschel began to pick up litter regularly on Bernal Hill in 1986. They noticed that invasive weeds like wild radish and fennel were threatening the small remnant native plant areas on the hill, so they began pulling these weeds, too. Jake Sigg, leader of the Yerba Buena (San Francisco) CNPS chapter, saw that invasive French broom was spreading over the grasslands of Twin Peaks and Mount Davidson, two of the city&#039;s biggest native plant habitats, so in 1988 he asked the parks department for permission to start removing it from these and other natural areas in the city’s parks. Sigg recruited another CNPS volunteer, Greg Gaar, and started weekly broom-pulling sessions. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Throughout San Francisco’s 31 natural areas, the remnant patches of native plants were shrinking before advancing thickets of French broom, radish, and other invasive weeds. Removing them was far too big a job for two volunteers, so Sigg and local CNPS members pleaded with the city&#039;s park managers to assign staff to care for the natural areas. Park planner Deborah Learner drafted a management plan in 1995, and the parks department in 1997 began hiring a crew of eight to carry it out.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These eight, the park department’s Natural Resources Division (NRD), have been working with Sigg, CNPS and other volunteers for more than 25 years at 31 natural areas throughout the city, including the native live oak forest in Golden Gate Park’s northeast corner. The NRD also grows native plant seedlings, and plants them by the thousands each year in areas cleared of invasive weeds. Among NRD’s biggest successes was the restoration of riparian habitat in Glen Park along the city’s last remaining stretch of natural creek (outside the Presidio), in the late 1990s and 2000s. There, they removed English ivy and reintroduced Scarlet monkeyflower in the creekbed, which had been extirpated from San Francisco in the late 1800s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Glen-canyon-riparian-corridor-2013 5440.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Islais Creek running through Glen Canyon, 2013.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the early 2000s an overzealous volunteer girdled several Eucalyptus trees on Bayview Hill and Mount Davidson, provoking intense opposition from neighbors. The parks department promised not to remove large trees without community input, and commissioned detailed restoration plans for each natural area, balancing existing park uses with native plant restoration. The plans were released, and public hearings held in 2005. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Through several years of turmoil, the NRD and CNPS volunteers persevered, pushing back the tide of invasive plants and convincing even some of their detractors that native plant restoration, by removing dense thickets of invasive weeds, increases usable parkland for everyone. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Restoring Natural Areas on Federal Lands in San Francisco: Presidio and Fort Funston|Restoring Federal Lands in SF]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Wood, Michael, &#039;&#039;Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Francisco&#039;&#039;, Third Edition (San Francisco: California Native Plant Society, Yerba Buena Chapter, April 2022), 7.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:Parks]] [[category:Habitat]] [[category:Species]] [[category:Bernal Heights]] [[category:Golden Gate Park]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2000s]] [[category:2010s]] [[category:2020s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<updated>2026-05-26T19:25:10Z</updated>

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	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<title>File:Bernal-Hts-green 20220213 234338555.jpg</title>
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		<updated>2026-05-26T19:14:58Z</updated>

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	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=San_Francisco%27s_Garbage:_From_Mission_Bay_to_Altamont&amp;diff=39109</id>
		<title>San Francisco&#039;s Garbage: From Mission Bay to Altamont</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=San_Francisco%27s_Garbage:_From_Mission_Bay_to_Altamont&amp;diff=39109"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T05:20:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:TrashwagonSFEarly1900s.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;The early days of trash pickup, or scavenging, in San Francisco, c. 1900.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: courtesy David D. Schmidt&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the 1850s to the 1960s, San Francisco&#039;s bay shoreline was continuously being filled with sand, soil, rock—and garbage. In the 1850s, owners of underwater lots along the shoreline hired workers to dig into nearby hills, cart sand and soil to the shore, and dump it into shallow waters. Trash was also thrown into the mix, but there wasn’t enough of it to contribute a significant portion of the fill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the city grew, so did the amount of trash it generated. [[Scavengers|Scavengers]] roamed the streets picking up castoffs that could be sold to businesses—rags (used to make paper), metal scraps, bottles, old sacks, bricks, bones, oyster shells. Some of the remaining trash ended up in Mission Bay and other open dumps, but burning the refuse in these dumps minimized the acreage needed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The scavengers provided an early version of curbside recycling, slowly driving their horse-drawn wagons through the city and loudly calling out &amp;quot;rags, bottles, sacks&amp;quot;—for these were the items they could most easily sell. Residents would then come out of their homes carrying these recyclables.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:TrashCurbsideRecycling.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Scavengers in San Francisco were already doing curbside recycling in the late 1800s, calling out &amp;quot;Rags, bottles, sacks!&amp;quot; Residents came out of their homes carrying these recyclables.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: BANC PIC 1905.17500.10:436--ALB, Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By the late 1870s, garbage collection was becoming more organized. Scavengers carted their unusable waste to the [[The Dumps at Mission Creek|Mission Bay waterfront]] at Sixth and Berry Streets, San Francisco’s [[Dumpville|first centralized dumpsite]]. By the 1880s, 300 wagonloads of waste were deposited here each day. By 1895, they had filled in 20 acres of Mission Bay. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The most pungent waste of Victorian-Era San Francisco was offal—the remains of livestock after butchers cut away the meat, bones, and other useful parts. San Franciscans ate lots of meat, but nobody wanted the stench of rotting animal carcasses nearby. The slaughterhouses had to be close to the city, in order to deliver meat quickly before it spoiled (there was no refrigeration), yet far enough away to minimize complaints. A location with tidal water flows, to carry away the offal twice daily, was ideal. Slaughterhouses clustered first at Mission Bay, and starting in 1868, at a similar tidal area three miles farther south, [[Butchertown&#039;s Beginnings|“Butchertown”]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Incineration, &amp;quot;Reduction,&amp;quot; and Piggeries&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By the 1890s, the city’s population of more than 300,000 was creating so much trash that the Mission Bay dump was becoming a nuisance, attracting rats and seagulls to a location surrounded by the growing city. City officials looked to cities in the Eastern U. S. for solutions. Big cities there were building massive incinerators to burn dry waste, and “reduction” plants to transform animal carcasses into grease and plant fertilizer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1896, San Francisco granted a 50-year franchise to Sanitary Reduction Works to incinerate dry waste. The firm built a Thackeray Destructor, with the capacity to burn 300 tons per day, the following year. The incinerator, known as the San Francisco Garbage Crematory, was at the foot of Potrero Hill, on the block bounded by Rhode Island, De Haro, Alameda, and 15th Streets. The company also built a reduction plant. Tall smokestacks lifted the smoke and gases from these facilities high into the air and, with prevailing winds, over the bay. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On windless days, the smell could be hellish—particularly from the reduction plant. Every day, wagonloads of spoiled food, fish, meat, offal and carcasses (including dead horses) were dumped into vats there, cooked, and mechanically pressed to remove liquids (which flowed into the bay), leaving grease (used to make candles and other products) and a dry “residuum,” sold as fertilizer. Reduction plant workers had to endure the horrific stench.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The reduction facility had no monopoly on food garbage. Much of it was still dealt with the old-fashioned way—by feeding it to pigs. Tank wagons filled with slops from restaurants, hotels and boarding houses made daily deliveries to two dozen hog farms in the then-rural Excelsior District near the San Francisco/San Mateo County line. The piggeries included Arthur Cooey’s on Athens Street near Brazil Avenue, with about 300 hogs, John Tyson’s on Madrid Street near Persia, with about 100, and Julius Woolf’s, on the corner of Paris and Italy Streets. A visitor to Woolf’s opined that “a pig was never confined in a more wretched set of pens.” But Woolf maintained that his operation was “a lady’s parlor,” compared to Tyson’s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hog farms lined [[Islais Creek Remembered|Islais Creek]] as it flowed through the Excelsior District (today it runs in a sewer pipe beneath Cayuga Street) toward its confluence with the bay at today’s I-280-101 Freeway Interchange. The creek was heavily polluted with runoff and seepage from the piggeries. In some places the pig farmers dug deep holes to keep the seepage out of the creek, but these only created another nuisance: open cesspools. People living in the vicinity, who could not avoid the odors, argued that the city should banish the hogs to points farther south. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;The 1907 Plague, War on Rats, and Crackdown on Trash Disposal&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[April 18, 1906: EARTHQUAKE! FIRE!|Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906]] marked two major changes in San Francisco&#039;s waste disposal practices. First, a huge amount of rubble from burned buildings had to be cleared away. The Southern Pacific Railroad provided a convenient solution by putting this waste on rail cars at their [[Southern Pacific Roundhouse|Mission Bay rail yard]], and transporting it just past the city limit via their new Bayshore rail line. The material was dumped on the tidal mudflats, and covered with soil and rock from nearby hills. The railroad rapidly filled dozens of acres of mudflats, and built a [[Bayshore Yard|roundhouse and an extensive railroad switching yard on the new land]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFEarthQuakeDebris1906.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Workers loading demolition waste from buildings destroyed in the great earthquake and fire onto railcars, June 7, 1906. Trains dumped it just outside San Francisco city limits, filling in dozens of acres of shallow bay waters for a railyard.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Turill &amp;amp; Miller, BANC PIC 1905.17500.9:055--ALB, Roy D. Graves Pictorial Collection, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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Secondly, San Franciscans were forced to stop dumping trash in empty lots when there was a citywide outbreak of bubonic plague in 1907—the same disease that killed at least one-third of Europe’s population in the mid-1300s. Though scavengers were constantly on the move looking for recyclable castoffs, before 1907 there was no requirement to make trash pickups from every home, nor for residents to use garbage cans. For scavengers, the more garbage they brought to the incinerator, the more they had to pay to burn it. This created an incentive for residents and scavengers to dump trash they couldn’t recycle into the nearest empty lot. &lt;br /&gt;
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In the months just after the 1906 Earthquake and Fire, there was no garbage collection in the burned areas, though thousands of people were working on rebuilding—and tossing trash from their lunches on the ground, where rats could feast on it. &lt;br /&gt;
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On May 27, 1907, 13 months after the disaster, a sailor was admitted to a hospital showing symptoms of bubonic plague, and died before he could be questioned. In August, there were 13 cases, and the victims came from all across the city. By September, new cases were turning up every day. City officials recognized the dire threat of an epidemic. It wasn’t just loss of life: If the disease spread, the city’s port would be shut down, crippling businesses throughout the region. &lt;br /&gt;
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Mayor Edward Robeson Taylor called for help from the federal government. President Teddy Roosevelt’s Surgeon General, Walter Wyman, named a task force of 16 high-ranking surgeons from the U.S. Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, and ordered them to San Francisco with all possible speed. They came by ship and train from as far away as Alaska and the East Coast.&lt;br /&gt;
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Their first goal was to find the source of each case of plague, and then quickly eradicate all rats within a four-block radius. Rats were trapped in and around the home and workplace of each new victim, the carcasses taken to a special laboratory, and tissue samples examined under a microscope to find the plague bacteria: Yersinia pestis. Once Yersinia was confirmed, a strike force of doctors and workers was sent to the neighborhood to inspect houses and yards, fumigate basements, place poisoned bait under wooden sidewalks and in sewers, and lecture residents on what they must do: tear up wooden sidewalks, burn trash piles, cover yards and dirt floors in basements with concrete, scrub floors with lye and carbolic acid, and use garbage cans with tight-fitting lids. More than 1,700 buildings, beyond repair for purposes of rat-proofing, were condemned and demolished.&lt;br /&gt;
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The epidemic reached its height in September 1907, with 56 cases, 25 of them fatal. Among the victims were two small boys who had found a rat carcass in a basement, given it a funeral, and buried it. The city government offered rewards of 10 cents per carcass, equivalent to more than $2.00 today (people were warned not to touch the carcasses). &lt;br /&gt;
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In January 1908, the mayor appointed a Citizens’ Health Committee of 25 men, most of them medical doctors, to mobilize the public. The committee distributed 3,000 new garbage cans to the poor and pushed through a new city ordinance compelling residents and businesses to use garbage cans with tight-fitting lids. They conducted a saturation publicity campaign, enlisting the help of every club, association, church, and labor union. By the time it was over, the committee asserted that “the garbage methods of half the kitchens in San Francisco were reformed” through the efforts of women volunteers. San Franciscans purchased 100,000 garbage cans in 1907-08—about one for every four people in the city.&lt;br /&gt;
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Prior to this, many city residents couldn&#039;t care less about rats. Awareness that they spread the plague was far from universal. There had been an outbreak in San Francisco&#039;s Chinatown in 1904, but poorly informed (and racist) observers assumed that the risk was confined to the Chinese community.&lt;br /&gt;
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Health inspectors warned produce sellers, butchers, grain merchants, and grocers that they faced severe fines or jail if they ignored the inspectors’ orders. Street food vendors were warned to stop throwing food waste into the streets. It was total war on rats. Between September 23, 1907, and March 1, 1909, the effort employed 400 workers who: &lt;br /&gt;
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:•	Conducted more than a million building inspections (all buildings were inspected at least once; some several times)&lt;br /&gt;
:•	Abated 141,569 “nuisances” (dirt basements surfaced with concrete, wooden sidewalks removed, trash piles burned, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
:•	Disinfected 11,342 houses&lt;br /&gt;
:•	Demolished 1,713 houses (during a time of dire housing shortage) &lt;br /&gt;
:•	Placed more than 10 million pieces of poisoned rat bait&lt;br /&gt;
:•	Trapped 319,734 rats&lt;br /&gt;
:•	Killed an estimated 2,000,000 rats&lt;br /&gt;
:•	Analyzed 154,840 rat carcasses for bacteria (finding 398 infected with plague)&lt;br /&gt;
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The human casualties included 160 people sickened with bubonic plague, and 77 deaths.&lt;br /&gt;
The last fatality occurred in January, 1908, but the campaign continued for another year, until no more plague-infected rats were found. For the first time, scavengers were required to make trash pickups from every house, and any resident who refused was reported to the city’s Board of Health. People who had once dumped trash in empty lots were now sending it to the city incinerator, where the intense heat killed pathogens. But the city’s incinerator couldn’t burn it all, so the Board of Supervisors placed a $1 million bond measure on the May 1908 ballot to pay for an additional burner, and voters approved it.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;The Incinerator Debacle&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1910 the city was generating 800,000 lbs. of trash per day, equivalent to two pounds per person per day. By then, following the anti-rat campaign, San Francisco was one clean city. To ensure they’d get the best available incineration technology, city officials consulted New York City waste disposal expert and civil engineer Rudolph Hering. On Hering’s advice, they solicited bids on the new incinerator contract with exacting specifications to ensure more complete combustion and consequently, less air pollution.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Power Specialty Company submitted the lowest bid. The firm built a [[Incinerator|new incinerator]] next to the Southern Pacific Railroad’s Islais Creek trestle in 1913, near the slaughterhouse district, Butchertown. The new facility not only burned trash, it heated boilers to run turbines that generated electricity.&lt;br /&gt;
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The new incinerator was put through a four-week test in September 1914, burning an average of 109 tons of trash each day. Nearby residents complained about odors. City officials claimed the facility did not meet specifications. Power Specialty disagreed and sued the city to follow through on the contract. The city maintained that the incinerator had sometimes fallen below the specified minimum temperature of 1250 degrees F., and released odors, “obnoxious gases,” smoke, and dust. &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:VIEWWE~2.JPG]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;View west from about Evans and Marin. Twin Peaks, Peralta Heights, Islais Creek Incinerator smokestack and Isolation Hospital (Army and De Haro) in background. Houses on northeast ridge of Bernal Heights, background left. June 15, 1923.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Photo: OpenSFHistory.org wnp36.03062&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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The city lost the case initially, but refused to operate the new incinerator. The facility was never again used to burn trash, and eventually was turned into a warehouse. At Mission Bay, filled in completely by 1910, rail cars were filled with partially-burned trash from the old incinerator, to be dumped on the tidal flats just south of the city limit. &lt;br /&gt;
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The city government bought out the old incinerator, the Thackeray Destructor, in 1918 and paid the Scavengers’ Protective Association, a cooperative of hundreds of Italian garbage collectors, to operate it. In the absence of a new incinerator, the old one was being loaded with up to 600 tons per day—twice its design capacity. The result was an increase in smoke and odor emissions, as well as a greater volume of half-burned garbage. &lt;br /&gt;
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In 1926, the San Francisco Development Co., a group of landowners who lived near the incinerator, sued the city and the scavengers, seeking relief from the air pollution. In a May 17, 1929 court hearing, city officials admitted that burning embers from the incinerator’s smokestacks had landed on nearby rooftops. They admitted that the smoke was excessive and its smells noxious. On June 5, 1929, the court held for the neighbors, declaring that the burner was a nuisance and should be replaced by a new, cleaner model. The court postponed any decision on a remedy until after the November 1929 election, with five propositions on the ballot dealing with waste disposal. &lt;br /&gt;
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Meanwhile, the Board of Supervisors sent City Engineer Michael M. O’Shaughnessy on a tour of Chicago, New York, Toronto, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Seattle, and Portland, Oregon to compare their incinerators. His August 5, 1929 report recommended building a trash burner like one he’d seen in New York City.&lt;br /&gt;
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The ballot questions gave San Franciscans a choice between landfilling and incineration, but the results were muddled: Voters approved one proposition calling for incineration, but rejected another requiring the city to build an incinerator. They rejected measures to stop incineration, to dump all waste at the bayside county line site, and for the city government to take over the job of garbage collection and disposal.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1932, with no progress toward building a new incinerator, the court ordered the old one to shut down. After 36 years of smoke and foul smells, residents of Mission Bay and Potrero Hill could breathe easier.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Bayside Dump Becomes “Sanitary Landfill” &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The incinerator shutdown immediately increased the volume of trash dumped at the bay shore landfill just south of the city limit. Waves battered the edge of the fill, exposing fermenting garbage and carrying trash away at high tide. These problems were solved in the late 1950s by building dikes between the bay and the trash, and covering the trash with a layer of soil or crushed rock each day.(1) The technique was developed by Jean Vincenz at the Fresno Sanitary Landfill in the mid-1930s, and became a model for enlightened waste disposal for the next 40 years. The Fresno Landfill, in fact, was briefly designated a national historic site in August 2001—until news media reported that the site was on EPA’s Superfund list for toxic waste cleanup. &lt;br /&gt;
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“Sanitary Landfills,” as practiced in Fresno, [[San Francisco&#039;s Trash|San Francisco]], and thousands of other places, were a great advance for public health because they prevented smoky dump fires and minimized odors, rats, flies, and wind-tossed trash. However, contaminated liquids seeping downward (or outward) from these landfills could pollute groundwater or surface waters. As early as 1936, observers at the San Francisco bayside site noticed that this leachate dispersed into the bay: &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;“At extremely low tides during the winter a black liquid occasionally is observed seeping outward [toward the bay] from the lower portion of the fill. This seepage has an exceedingly disagreeable odor. Fortunately it creates no nuisance, because it flows almost immediately into the bay waters.”(2)&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
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City Engineer John J. Casey estimated that the landfill was 50 feet deep, with about half of that below the original bay mud level, due to the tremendous weight of many layers of trash and earth pressing the bottom layers downward into the soft mud. &lt;br /&gt;
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The city’s garbage had come full circle in just 40 years: From dumping in the bay (at Mission Bay), to incineration, to more “sanitary” dumping in the bay. The latter two practices, adopted as solutions to protect public health, would later be abandoned as harmful to public health and the environment.&lt;br /&gt;
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The rock and earth for the landfill’s daily cover came from a nearby hill. Dynamite charges, a power shovel and four dump trucks removed 580 cubic yards of rock from the hill five days a week, year after year. By the early 1960s, the hill was nearly gone, the Bayshore (101) Freeway had been built along the landfill’s bayside border, and the dump had expanded a mile southward, getting closer and closer to the community of Brisbane.&lt;br /&gt;
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Meanwhile, at Islais Creek Channel, and seven other points along the city’s southern waterfront, dumps of various sizes continued filling the bay with commercial and industrial waste. In 1958, newspaper columnists lampooned the city’s [[Candlestick Before and After Stadium Built|new bayside baseball stadium, Candlestick Park]], as “Candlestink Cove.” The largest dump left within the city limits in the 1960s was the city-owned operation at Islais Creek Channel, filling 155 acres of the bay with 900 tons of trash, demolition debris, and industrial waste per day. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;The Battle of Brisbane Lagoon and San Bruno Mountain &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Starting in 1957, when the new section of the 101 Freeway opened just south of the San Francisco/San Mateo County line, everyone traveling from SFO to the city had to pass the reeking repository of San Francisco’s solid waste, a million tons per year, which was gradually filling tidal Brisbane Lagoon with trash. It was a shock to first-time visitors expecting scenic vistas (see Filling the Bay/Saving the Bay chapter).&lt;br /&gt;
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This dump was operated by the Sanitary Fill Company, an alliance of San Francisco’s two garbage collection companies. Soon after Brisbane incorporated and created a city government for the first time in 1961, Sanitary Fill made a secret bargain with three members of the city council: For the next 30 years, allow San Francisco’s 1,600 tons of garbage per day to be dumped into 250 acres of Brisbane Lagoon that the company had just purchased, and Brisbane would get $30,000 per year, plus property taxes forever from the new land on top of the landfill. In 1962, Sanitary Fill began building dikes to enclose the 250 acres.&lt;br /&gt;
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Two years later, when the secret bargain came to light before Brisbane’s Planning Commission, they rejected it, but the city council had the final say. Council members waited until after their 1964 re-election campaigns, then approved the landfill expansion by a 3-2 vote. This decision touched off a &amp;quot;constant, constant uproar,&amp;quot; in Brisbane, according to Dr. Paul Goercke, a Brisbane anti-dump activist. Dump opponents, led by Luman C. Drake and Brisbane Citizens for Civic Progress, petitioned for a referendum. The council set the special election for September 21, 1965—four days after the effective date of a new state law stopping the filling of any bayside wetlands subject to tidal action. &lt;br /&gt;
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All summer long in 1965, Sanitary Fill’s trucks rumbled day and night to complete one dike in Brisbane Lagoon, and another enclosing a rectangle of open water at [[Sierra Point: From Dump to Office Park|Sierra Point]] on the bay side of the 101 Freeway. At 6:00 a.m. on August 26, as Brisbane residents looked on from the hillsides, Sanitary Fill completed the dike at Brisbane Lagoon. They also completed the Sierra Point dike in time to beat the deadline. &lt;br /&gt;
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In the special election, Brisbane voters rejected the city council&#039;s dump deal. Sanitary Fill made a new offer with more money for the city—which the council again approved. Opponents again petitioned for a referendum, but this time voters approved the deal.&lt;br /&gt;
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But the battle didn’t end there. Control of Brisbane’s city government see-sawed between the pro-dump and anti-dump factions. The diked area of Brisbane Lagoon reached capacity by November 1966, so the company prepared to fill its 105 diked acres at Sierra Point. Brisbane voters had passed an initiative to ban dumping there, but Sanitary Fill had nowhere else to put San Francisco’s 1,600 tons of trash per day, so the company obtained a court order stopping Brisbane from enforcing the initiative.(3) When the Sierra Point site was full in 1970, the city of Mountain View, 30 miles south of Brisbane, opened its own bayside landfill for San Francisco’s waste, on hundreds of acres of land that had subsided below sea level due to groundwater pumping. &lt;br /&gt;
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Sierra Point was developed with office buildings atop the trash layers in the 1980s and 1990s, but the last 160 acres of Brisbane Lagoon are still open water. A mile north, overlooking the 101 Freeway, there’s a stairstep pattern in San Francisco’s [[Bayview Hill|Bayview Hill]], carved by bulldozers in the 1960s shaving away rock and earth to build the dikes and cover the landfills at Brisbane Lagoon and Sierra Point. Nearly 60 years after dumping ceased, however, nothing had been built on the Brisbane Lagoon landfill, because its 50-foot-thick layer of garbage made the ground too unstable to support heavy structures. &lt;br /&gt;
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Trucking the waste an extra 30 miles to Mountain View doubled disposal costs, giving San Francisco’s two garbage collection companies an incentive to reduce the volume by recycling. They started in the early 1970s by using magnets to collect metal from the waste. &lt;br /&gt;
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By the late 1980s, at the city government’s insistence, Sunset Scavenger and Golden Gate Disposal had initiated citywide curbside recycling pickups. In 1996, they began collecting food garbage from wholesale produce markets, farmers’ markets, and grocery stores, for composting. By 1998, they were recycling 40% of San Francisco’s waste. The scavengers too, had come full circle: As in the old days, they were again scavenging (recycling), not just landfilling trash. &lt;br /&gt;
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By 2001, collection of food garbage for composting was underway at 1,000 San Francisco restaurants (out of about 6,000) and half a dozen schools, where teachers and students had volunteered to sort their lunch garbage. The downtown Hilton Hotel, the largest on the West Coast, alone collected more than 4,000 pounds of food garbage daily. The food waste was trucked to Solano County for the three-month process of conversion to rich plant fertilizer. &lt;br /&gt;
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By 2003, every residence in the city had been given a special green bin on wheels for its compostable food and garden waste, a blue bin for other recyclables, and a black bin for the rest. By this time, the city was diverting 300 tons of food waste per day from landfills, to make 50,000 cubic yards of compost per year—enough to cover 11 square miles of farmland. And the numbers grew steadily, because the city charged restaurants less for compost pickups than landfill disposal. Scoma&#039;s at Fisherman&#039;s Wharf, which recycled 90% of its waste, saved about $10,000 a year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To sort all the paper, cardboard, bottles, and cans collected in the blue recycle bins, in March 2003 the city&#039;s garbage disposal franchise holder (new name: Recology), opened a new facility, &amp;quot;Recycle Central&amp;quot; in a warehouse at Pier 96 on the southern San Francisco waterfront. Inside, mechanical sorting systems use conveyor belts and blasts of air to help workers separate the different materials.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 2009, San Francisco became the first major U.S. city to require residents and businesses to set aside food and garden waste in bins for composting. By 2011, the city had collected a million tons of food waste—more than a ton for every resident. Overall, the city was recycling or composting an incredible 78% of its waste (measured by weight). &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Shoreline Amphitheater’s Gas Problem &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1968, the city of Mountain View bought the 544-acre Shoreline site, nearly a square mile of diked bayside wetlands. San Francisco then paid Mountain View for the privilege of dumping its trash there from 1970 to 1983. Throughout the 1970s, the Shoreline Landfill accepted 1,800 tons of waste per day—more than any other dump in the Bay Area, a total of 6 million tons in just 10 years. Mountain View also dumped its own garbage there, and at the adjacent 150-acre Vista Slope landfill. &lt;br /&gt;
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When these landfills were full, they were capped with impermeable clay and plastic, topped with soil, and planted with grass and shrubs. In 1982, Mountain View opened Shoreline Park, a 180-acre golf course and public open space, and the Shoreline Amphitheater. By this time, San Francisco’s trash collectors had lined up the Altamont Landfill east of Livermore to receive their city’s waste. But Mountain View’s problems were just beginning.&lt;br /&gt;
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In October 1986, a man attending a Steve Winwood concert at Shoreline took a cigarette lighter from his pocket and flicked it with his thumb. Instead of producing a tiny flame, it produced a five-foot-high geyser of fire that singed the hair of a woman sitting nearby. This and similar incidents, and the resulting lawsuit, induced Mountain View and Sanitary Fill to install a $2.5 million methane gas collection system.&lt;br /&gt;
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Methane—natural gas—is a product of the decay of organic waste like food and garden clippings. This can only take place with water. At Shoreline, a contractor had neglected to cover the waste with an impermeable membrane (4) (in addition to soil), allowing water irrigating the grass to seep through cracks in the soil, allowing methane to form.&lt;br /&gt;
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Mountain View sold the gas to PG&amp;amp;E and Laidlaw Gas Recovery, to mix it into PG&amp;amp;E’s natural gas pipelines. But methane still percolated upward, killing large patches of grass. Golfers were losing their balls down mysterious sinkholes. The golf course shut down, and its operator sued the city of Mountain View. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In December 1994, U.S. Bankruptcy Judge James R. Grube ordered the city to pay $4.1 million to the bankrupt golf course operator. Grube said Mountain View had violated state law by failing to remove methane from the landfill. By this time, the city had installed new piping to extract methane. The golf course got a new irrigation system and new turf, and reopened. After that, the quality and quantity of gas declined. By the late 1990s, the gas was being flared—burned at the end of a pipe on the site. &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Altamont: Battling the Mega-Dump&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The 232-acre Altamont Landfill, near Altamont Pass east of Livermore, is environmentally preferable to the old bayside dumps because it lies far from any waters or wetlands, and its nearly impervious clay soil prevents groundwater contamination. Also, it gets very little rain, minimizing the potential for runoff to mix with the waste. By the time San Francisco began trucking its trash to Altamont in 1983, the landfill was already receiving garbage from Oakland and other East Bay cities. &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:TrashAltamont.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Earthmovers put a thin daily cover of soil onto trash from all of San Francisco and much of the East Bay at the Altamont Landfill, east of Livermore.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Christy Shake, 1997.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
San Francisco gained the distinction of having the Bay Area&#039;s longest &amp;quot;garbage commute,&amp;quot; with trucks making daily round trips of nearly 100 miles. And thanks to San Francisco, Altamont became the region&#039;s largest-volume dumpsite, receiving up to 5,000 tons of garbage per day, or 1.6 million tons per year. This was more than twice the daily volume of Mountain View’s Shoreline Landfill, the highest-volume operation of the 1970s. But Altamont&#039;s owners, Waste Management of Alameda County, had even grander visions. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1995 Waste Management (owned by WMX Technologies Inc., the world&#039;s largest garbage disposal company), proposed to expand the Altamont landfill by 1.2 square miles. This would have allowed 160 million more tons of garbage—about 23 tons for each of the Bay Area’s roughly seven million residents.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alameda County environmentalists were incensed. They had recently reached an interim goal of reducing the county&#039;s waste volume by 25%, thanks to Measure D. The initiative set a goal of 75%. Recycling advocates feared the proposed mega-dump would undercut efforts to meet that goal—and make Altamont the garbage destination for most of Northern California’s cities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The county board of supervisors voted 3-2 in December 1996 to limit Altamont&#039;s extra capacity to 80 million tons, but still allowed daily tonnage to more than double. Environmentalists weren’t satisfied, arguing that traffic and air pollution generated by garbage trucks would also double. A coalition including the San Francisco Bay Chapter of the Sierra Club, the Northern California Recycling Association, a group of local landowners, and owners of a competing landfill sued the county to stop the expansion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In September 1998, a San Francisco Superior Court Judge overturned the county&#039;s approval. A year later, Alameda County announced a compromise that allowed the dump to add another 250 acres, but limited annual garbage intake to the then-current level of 1.6 million tons. The mega-dump proposal was dead. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The agreement also set a $1.25 per ton fee on garbage dumped, to fund open space preservation, recycling education, and other efforts to help communities meet the state-mandated goal of recycling 50% of all trash by 2000. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By the 1990s, the Altamont Landfill was a state-of-the-art facility. Below the waste lies a seven-foot-thick, multi-layer barrier system to prevent contaminated liquids from reaching the soil. Perforated pipes in the barrier collected contaminated water, or leachate, pumped to a treatment plant and cleaned through chemical and microbial action. Tank trucks sprayed this treated water on the landfill&#039;s unpaved roadways to reduce dust. Other pipes collected the methane gas generated by rotting garbage. This gas was burned in an on-site generating station, creating enough electricity to light the landfill and power 6,500 homes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Stefanelli, Leonard Dominic, &#039;&#039;Garbage: The Saga of a Boss Scavenger in San Francisco&#039;&#039; (Reno and Las Vegas: University of Nevada Press, 2018), p. xiii.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. &#039;&#039;Engineering News Record&#039;&#039;, Feb. 27, 1936.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Stefanelli, op. cit., 98-100.&lt;br /&gt;
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4. Stefanelli, op. cit., pp. 111-112.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:water]] [[category:Shoreline]] [[category:Power and Money]]  [[category:Public Health]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:South Bay and Peninsula]] [[category:East Bay]] [[category:1890s]] [[category:1900s]] [[category:1906]] [[category:1920s]] [[category:1930s]] [[category:1950s]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2010s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Phillip_Burton&amp;diff=39108</id>
		<title>Phillip Burton</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Phillip_Burton&amp;diff=39108"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T05:18:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by Art Peterson&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Burton-statue 2010 6695.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Congressman Phillip Burton statue at the Great Meadow in Fort Mason&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson, 2010&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is Phillip Burton, the one-time congressman from San Francisco, who, in 1972, pushed through the legislation that created the 80,000-acre Golden Gate National Recreation Area that serves 7 million Bay Area residents today. As may be clear enough from this representation of the man at Fort Mason, Burton was not a great outdoorsman himself. His biographer John Jacobs writes, he “was less at home in Muir Woods than in a darkened cocktail lounge with an unfiltered Chesterfield in one hand and a tumbler of Stoli in the other.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Burton 9683349885 fc7edb8c7b z.jpg|200px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Burton in the late 1960s&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Wikimedia Commons&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A personal indifference to nature, however, did not make him any less responsive to the conservationists in his constituency, who, from the mid-1960s on, had been sounding the alarm about the perils of urban sprawl. Several factors were coming together to threaten the continued existence of Bay Area open space. A growing and more prosperous population needed housing, and the U.S. Army—which had acquired large parcels of land in the area for coastal defense—was eager to get rid of property that had become a white elephant. Developers were ready to pounce. Marincello, a development of 50 apartment buildings housing 25,000 people, was to be located on the Marin Headlands southwest of the Golden Gate Bridge.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, environmentalists, led by the Sierra Club, were cobbling together a bill that would give urban residents, many without the means to hop in the family car for a two-week excursion to Yellowstone, a green place of their own. Burton, who was chairman of the House Subcommittee on National Parks, was very much on board. When he met with [[Edgar and Peggy Wayburn, Phillip Burton Saved Vast Lands|Edgar Wayburn of the Sierra Club]] he asked him why he hadn’t included a particular parcel in the proposed park boundaries. Wayburn replied, “I didn’t think it would be politically feasible.” Burton answered, “You tell me what you want, not what’s politically feasible.” Wayburn came back with an expanded plan that Burton, using his skills as a coalition builder and vote counter, indeed, made feasible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Burton-plaque 6686.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Plaque about Phil Burton just above his statue at Fort Mason.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Chris Carlsson, 2010&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even President Richard Nixon was eager to get on board, making a hurried trip to the Bay Area in advance of the 1972 election. “Nixon to dedicate uncreated park,” the &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039; headline read. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the bill passed, Burton waxed uncharacteristically poetic: “Here a man can walk and be lost in peace, hearing the sea, feeling the wind touching the land.” Jacobs says that Burton would be as likely to be that man he described as “he would be found taking LSD in a Berkeley commune.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Parks, of course, were far from Burton’s only legislative interest. He used his unflagging energy to push for workers’ safety, coal miners’ protection, farm workers’ rights, AIDS research, and many other causes to benefit ordinary folks.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
His success came at least as much from the pleasure he took in the political game as in the nobleness of his causes. Once when reminiscing with a fellow politician about issues surrounding the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, he mentioned “a thing of beauty.” “The place does have some lovely features,” his colleague said. “Not the park,” Burton said, “the bill.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Burton-parks-list 6687.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Bridge-cover final.jpg|240px|left]] &#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from Art Peterson&#039;s book, [http://www.amazon.com/That-Bridge-Orange-Francisco-Curious/dp/0926664190/ &amp;quot;Why Is That Bridge Orange?&amp;quot;] published in 2013, by Inquiring Minds Productions.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Famous characters]] [[category:Power and Money]] [[category:Ecology]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1960s]] [[category:Parks]]  [[category:Why is that Bridge Painted Orange?]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Category:Book_Excerpts&amp;diff=39107</id>
		<title>Category:Book Excerpts</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Category:Book_Excerpts&amp;diff=39107"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T05:16:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[category:Theme]] [[category:Books]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:American-Genocide-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hastings College of Law Built on Genocide?|Hastings College of Law Built on Genocide?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [http://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300230697/american-genocide &#039;&#039;An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873&#039;&#039;] (Yale University Press: New Haven &amp;amp; London 2016)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:A-Negotiated-Landscape-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[A Waterfront Planned: The 1990s and the New Millennium|A Waterfront Planned: The 1990s and the New Millennium]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Embarcadero Reborn|The Embarcadero Reborn]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Waterfront Land Use Plan|The Waterfront Land Use Plan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Problems of Waterfront Planning|Problems of Waterfront Planning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[A Waterfront for the People?|A Waterfront for the People?]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pages from this book [http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/N/bo12387078.html &#039;&#039;A Negotiated Landscape&#039;&#039;] © 2011 Jasper Rubin and the Center for American Places at Columbia College Chicago, are excerpted with permission.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:BART-cover-RGB-onlineuse.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Originally published in [https://heydaybooks.com/catalog/bart-the-dramatic-history-of-the-bay-area-rapid-transit-system/ &#039;&#039;BART: The Dramatic History of the Bay Area Rapid Transit System&#039;&#039; Heyday Books]: Berkeley CA, 2016&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Key System and March of Progress|Key System and March of Progress]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit Commission—The Beginnings|San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit Commission—The Beginnings]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Planning and Selling BART|Planning and Selling BART]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Building San Francisco&#039;s BART tunnels|Building San Francisco&#039;s BART tunnels]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Bump-city-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Bump City&#039;&#039; by John Krich (City Miner Books, Berkeley CA: 1979); &lt;br /&gt;
Originally a chapter in &#039;&#039;Bump City&#039;&#039; called “Captain Sal and the Age of Irony” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Incredible Bottom of the Ninth Comeback! The Oakland A’s Win Game 5 of the 1972 World Series|Incredible Bottom of the Ninth Comeback! The Oakland A’s Win Game 5 of the 1972 World Series]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Front-cover-web-resolution-72-dpi.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chinatown Vice|Chinatown Vice]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Golden Dragon Restaurant Massacre|The Golden Dragon Restaurant Massacre]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Six Companies|The Six Companies]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;By Kevin J. Mullen, excerpted with permission from &amp;quot;Chinatown Squad&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Issel Church and State sm.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;From pages 1-6, the Introduction to [http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/2257_reg.html &#039;&#039;&#039;Church and State in the City: Catholics and Politics in Twentieth-Century San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;] by William Issel. Used by permission of Temple University Press. © 2013 by Temple University. All Rights Reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Catholic San Francisco: A City of Contests|Catholic San Francisco: A City of Contests]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:CGC-cover.jpg|200px|]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [http://bloomsbury.com/us/cool-gray-city-of-love-9781608199600/ Bloomsbury], from the book “Cool Gray City of Love” available here: [http://www.indiebound.org/book/9781608199600 IndieBound], [http://www.citylights.com/book/?GCOI=87286100740730 City Lights], [http://www.amazon.com/Cool-Gray-City-Love-Francisco/dp/1608199606/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=1386633018&amp;amp;sr=1-1&amp;amp;keywords=cool+gray+city+of+love+49+views+of+san+francisco Amazon], and [http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/cool-gray-city-of-love-gary-kamiya/1114764186?ean=9781608199600 B&amp;amp;N].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Searching for the Yelamu in San Francisco|Searching for the Yelamu in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Western Addition: A Basic History|Western Addition: A Basic History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Copaganda-cover-288px.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Copyright © 2025 by Alec Karakatsanis. This excerpt originally appeared in [https://thenewpress.org/books/copaganda/ &#039;&#039;Copaganda: How Police and the Media Manipulate Our News&#039;&#039;], published by The New Press. Reprinted here with permission.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Copaganda: The Recall of DA Chesa Boudin|Copaganda: The Recall of DA Chesa Boudin]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:labor1$waitresses$dishout_itm$dish-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/86dnq7dp9780252061868.html &#039;&#039;Dishing It Out: Waitresses and Their Unions in the Twentieth Century&#039;&#039;], by Dorothy Sue Cobble (1991: University of Illinois Press: Urbana and Chicago&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[WAITRESSES and UNIONS The Fruits of Solidarity|WAITRESSES and UNIONS The Fruits of Solidarity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Paulson cover 200px.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Excerpted from &#039;&#039;Forty Years of Making ‘Good Trouble’—The Selected Writings of a San Francisco Labor Leader&#039;&#039; © Tim Paulson, 2021&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First published in the U.S. by Senders Communications Group, 16501 Ventura Blvd. #400, Encino, CA 91436&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Labor and the San Francisco Universal Health Care Security Ordinance|Labor and the San Francisco Universal Health Care Security Ordinance]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco is Beautiful, Difficult — but still a Union City|San Francisco is Beautiful, Difficult — but still a Union City]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SF Labor Council Helps Cruise Line Workers|SF Labor Council Helps Cruise Line Workers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Free-City-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Originally published as the Epilogue in &#039;&#039;[https://pmpress.org/index.php?l=product_detail&amp;amp;p=1141 Free City! The Fight for San Francisco&#039;s City College and Education for All]&#039;&#039; by PM Press, 2021&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[City College of SF: One Struggle Sets the Table for the Next|City College of SF: One Struggle Sets the Table for the Next]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;The following pages are not excerpted directly from this book, but are earlier versions that ended up after further revisions as chapters.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Education ‘Reform’ Meets Gentrification in San Francisco at City College|Education ‘Reform’ Meets Gentrification in San Francisco at City College]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[City College Faculty Fights for Fairness|City College Faculty Fights for Fairness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Development Pressure Engulfs City College|Development Pressure Engulfs City College]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Gods-hotel-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;from [http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/306891/gods-hotel-by-victoria-sweet/9781594486548 &#039;&#039;God&#039;s Hotel: A Doctor, A Hospital, and a Pilgrimage to the Heart of Medicine&#039;&#039;] by Victoria Sweet, copyright © 2012 by Victoria Sweet. Used by permission of Riverhead, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Laguna Honda Hospital|Laguna Honda Hospital]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Front cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Excerpted from &#039;&#039;[https://www.amazon.com/God-Squad-Born-Again-Francisco-Giants/dp/1631322079/ The God Squad: The Born-Again San Francisco Giants of 1978].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BOO! The Giants&#039; Johnnie LeMaster|BOO! The Giants&#039; Johnnie LeMaster]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dave Dravecky&#039;s Miraculous Comeback|Dave Dravecky&#039;s Miraculous Comeback]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The God Squad|The God Squad]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Jack Clark&#039;s Revenge on the Dodgers|Jack Clark&#039;s Revenge on the Dodgers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mike Ivie: The Miracle Man|Mike Ivie: The Miracle Man]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Baranski-Housing-City-by-the-Bay-Cover-288px.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from [https://www.sup.org/books/history/housing-city-bay &#039;&#039;Housing the City by the Bay: Tenant Activism, Civil Rights, and Class Politics in San Francisco&#039;&#039;] by John Baranski, published by Stanford University Press. Used by permission. © Copyright 2019 by John Baranski. All rights reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Post-1906 Quake Housing Reform|Post-1906 Quake Housing Reform]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Burnham Plan and Tenement Housing|Burnham Plan and Tenement Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Association|San Francisco Housing Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Commission of Immigration and Housing|California Commission of Immigration and Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[World War I Housing Reform Effort|World War I Housing Reform Effort]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Segregated and Substandard Housing in the 1920s|Segregated and Substandard Housing in the 1920s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Housing Crisis Worsens at Start of Depression|Housing Crisis Worsens at Start of Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chinatown Tenants Win Public Housing Rent Strike|Chinatown Tenants Win Public Housing Rent Strike]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority and Mayor Moscone|San Francisco Housing Authority and Mayor Moscone]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority Tries to Buy I-Hotel|San Francisco Housing Authority Tries to Buy I-Hotel]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority and CANE|San Francisco Housing Authority and CANE]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[San Francisco Housing Authority in the 1970s|San Francisco Housing Authority in the 1970s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Neoliberalism Dismantles Public Housing|Neoliberalism Dismantles Public Housing]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SF Housing Authority Copes With Neoliberalism|SF Housing Authority Copes With Neoliberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Homelessness Surges in Wake of Neoliberalism|Homelessness Surges in Wake of Neoliberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Pink Palace Controversy|Pink Palace Controversy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Public Housing Tenant Movement Fractures|Public Housing Tenant Movement Fractures]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety Net Torn Up by Government|Safety Net Torn Up by Government]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Industrial-Cowboys-cover.jpg|200px|]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;This excerpt from [https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520245341/industrial-cowboys &#039;&#039;Industrial Cowboys Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Transformation of the Far West, 1850-1920&#039;&#039;] is used with permission. © David Igler, University of California Press: 2001&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Dirty Plate Route|Miller &amp;amp; Lux and the Dirty Plate Route]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Latinos-at-the-golden-gate-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;excerpted from &#039;&#039;&#039;[http://www.uncpress.unc.edu/browse/book_detail?title_id=3444 Latinos at the Golden Gate: Creating Community and Identity in San Francisco]&#039;&#039;&#039;, by Tomás F. Summers Sandoval Jr., Copyright © 2013 by the [http://www.uncpress.unc.edu University of North Carolina Press]. Used by permission  of the publisher.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Midcentury Migrations|Midcentury Migrations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Tributary to San Francisco|Tributary to San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Lee-Felsenstein-book-cover 200px.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Excerpted with permission from: &#039;&#039;Me and My Big Ideas: Counterculture, Social Media, and the Future&#039;&#039; by Lee Felsenstein published by [https://www.FelsenSigns.com FelsenSigns]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Free Speech Movement 1964|Free Speech Movement 1964]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Working at Ampex|Working at Ampex]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Berkeley Barb and People&#039;s Park|Berkeley Barb and People&#039;s Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Founding of Ohlone Park|Founding of Ohlone Park]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Resource One|Resource One]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Installing a Mainframe at Project One|Installing a Mainframe at Project One]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Community Memory: The Beginning|Community Memory: The Beginning]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Community Memory Evolves|Community Memory Evolves]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Homebrew Computer Club|Homebrew Computer Club]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Reflections on the End of Community Memory|Reflections on the End of Community Memory]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Craigslist|Craigslist]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Karl-book-2258 reg.gif]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mission Anti-Displacement Coalition|Mission Anti-Displacement Coalition]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rezoning the Eastern Neighborhoods in Early 2000s|Rezoning the Eastern Neighborhoods in Early 2000s]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpts from [http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/2258_reg.html &#039;&#039;&#039;Local Protest, Global Movements: Capital, Community, and State In San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;] by Karl Beitel. Used by permission of Temple University Press. © 2013 by Temple University. All Rights Reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Berglund-Making-San-Francisco-American-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Exerpts from [https://kuecprd.ku.edu/~upress/cgi-bin/award-winners/978-0-7006-1722-7.html &#039;&#039;Making San Francisco American: Cultural Frontiers in the Urban West, 1846-1906&#039;&#039;] by Barbara Berglund (University Press of Kansas: Lawrence KS 2007)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: An Orientalist Exposition|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: An Orientalist Exposition]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: ’49 Mining Camp glorifies Gold Rush Fantasies|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: ’49 Mining Camp glorifies Gold Rush Fantasies]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Women’s Work and Vice|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Women’s Work and Vice]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Depression and Poverty|California Midwinter Fair of 1894: Depression and Poverty]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Medicine of Memoroy 9780292752672.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from [https://utpress.utexas.edu/9780292752672/the-medicine-of-memory/| &#039;&#039;The Medicine of Memory&#039;&#039;] by Alejandro Murguía, published by the University of Texas Press, 2002.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[The &amp;quot;Good Old Mission Days&amp;quot; Never Existed!|The &amp;quot;Good Old Mission Days&amp;quot; Never Existed!]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Mission-High-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from &#039;&#039;Mission High: One School, How Experts Tried to Fail It, and the Students and Teachers Who Made It Triumph&#039;&#039;, [https://www.boldtypebooks.com/titles/kristina-rizga/mission-high/9781568584621/ Bold Type Books]: 2015&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Mission High School’s Innovative Anti-Racist Teaching|Mission High School’s Innovative Anti-Racist Teaching]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Desegregating San Francisco Public Schools in the 1960s|Desegregating San Francisco Public Schools in the 1960s]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:More Than Shelter cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco Housing Authority 1937-1965: The Early Decades|San Francisco Housing Authority 1937-1965: The Early Decades]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from [https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/more-than-shelter &#039;&#039;More than Shelter: Activism and Community in San Francisco Public Housing&#039;&#039;] by Amy L. Howard. Used by permission of the University of Minnesota Press. © Copyright 2014 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Neon-Girls-book-cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Strip-Club Business: A Brief History|Strip-Club Business: A Brief History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by Jennifer Worley, excerpted from [https://www.harpercollins.com/products/neon-girls-jennifer-worley?variant=32206140571682 &#039;&#039;Neon Girls: A Stripper&#039;s Education in Protest and Power&#039;&#039;] HarperCollins Books: 2020,&#039;&#039; a first-hand account of the epic union organizing campaign at the Lusty Lady Club in North Beach.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nanette-Jordan-Book-Cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Originally published in [https://www.amazon.com/Painting-Paintings-gilded-memoir-Revised/dp/B09TRLHBR2/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;amp;qid=&amp;amp;sr= &#039;&#039;Painting on Paintings: A Gilded Memoir&#039;&#039;], &#039;&#039;2022. Excerpted with Nanette Jordan&#039;s permission. &#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Sutro Baths Eerie Ice Rink|Sutro Baths Eerie Ice Rink]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Playland is a Nightmare|Playland is a Nightmare]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Abalone Boom and Bust|Abalone Boom and Bust]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Borax King and Key System in East Bay|Borax King and Key System in East Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Chinese Shrimp Camps Along The Bay|Chinese Shrimp Camps Along The Bay]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[David Hewes and His Steam Paddy Works|David Hewes and His Steam Paddy Works]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Edgar and Peggy Wayburn, Phillip Burton Saved Vast Lands|Edgar and Peggy Wayburn, Phillip Burton Saved Vast Lands]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Filling The Bay Along San Francisco’s Southern Waterfront|Filling The Bay Along San Francisco’s Southern Waterfront]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Mercury Mining|Mercury Mining]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution|Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco&#039;s Drinking Water|San Francisco&#039;s Drinking Water]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco&#039;s Garbage: From Mission Bay to Altamont|San Francisco&#039;s Garbage: From Mission Bay to Altamont]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s|San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Saving Richardson Bay; Harold Gilliam Sounds the Alarm 1955-58|Saving Richardson Bay; Harold Gilliam Sounds the Alarm 1955-58]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[When Crab Was King at Fisherman’s Wharf|When Crab Was King at Fisherman’s Wharf]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Secret-Ugly-full-cover 6-inches.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted from &#039;&#039;The Secret Ugly: The Hidden History of US Germ War in Korea&#039;&#039; by Thomas Powell, [mailto:edgewatereditions@gmail.com Edgewater Editions]: 2023.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[War in Korea|War in Korea]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Powell/Schuman Sedition Trial|Powell/Schuman Sedition Trial]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Bill Powell Exposes Post-WWII US-Japan Germ War Deal|Bill Powell Exposes Post-WWII US-Japan Germ War Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Growing Up ‘Red’ in 1950s San Francisco|Growing Up ‘Red’ in 1950s San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Sixth-star-cover-72-dpi-4x5.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Sixth Star book cover&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[The Sixth Star|The Sixth Star]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Women&#039;s Suffrage 1870|Women&#039;s Suffrage 1870]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Ellen Clark Sargent|Ellen Clark Sargent]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Emily Pitts Stevens|Emily Pitts Stevens]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Women’s Co-operative Printing Union|Women’s Co-operative Printing Union]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[West Coast Women&#039;s Congress Association|West Coast Women&#039;s Congress Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Suffragettes Gather|Suffragettes Gather]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Sarah B. Cooper|Sarah B. Cooper]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[The Bifurcated Skirt|The Bifurcated Skirt]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[First California Women in Law|First California Women in Law]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Nellie Holbrook Blinn|Nellie Holbrook Blinn]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Elizabeth Lowe Watson|Elizabeth Lowe Watson]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Championing the Working Woman|Championing the Working Woman]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Coyote sleeping-where-I-fall-cover.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted with permission from &amp;quot;Sleeping Where I Fall&amp;quot; by [http://www.petercoyote.com/sleeping.html Peter Coyote], published by Counterpoint, Washington, D.C., 1998&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Digger Concept of &#039;Free&#039;|The Digger Concept of &#039;Free&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Street fight 9781613762608.jpg|200px]] &lt;br /&gt;
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[[Second Freeway Revolt|Second Freeway Revolt]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Conservative Fight to Save Central Freeway|Conservative Fight to Save Central Freeway]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Dueling Ballots: The Central Freeway’s Fate|Dueling Ballots: The Central Freeway’s Fate]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These articles are excerpted, with permission, from Henderson&#039;s book [http://www.umass.edu/umpress/title/street-fight &#039;&#039;Street Fight: The Politics of Mobility in San Francisco&#039;&#039;], © 2013&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Streetopia cover 9780692424285.jpg|200px|left]] &#039;&#039;Excerpts from [https://www.ericadawnlyle.info/streetopiabook &#039;&#039;Streetopia&#039;&#039;], in the essay &amp;quot;The Uses of Market Street&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Redevelopment vs. Ecotopia|Redevelopment vs. Ecotopia]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[San Francisco Singularity?|San Francisco Singularity?]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Uses of Market Street|Uses of Market Street]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Problem with Parklets|Problem with Parklets]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Image:Roxanas Children book cover.jpg|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Yankee Women|Yankee Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Excerpted from &#039;&#039;Roxana&#039;s Children: The Biography of a Nineteenth-Century Vermont Family&#039;&#039; by Lynn A. Bonfield and Mary C. Morrison (Amherst: © 1995, University of Massachusetts Press)&#039;&#039;.&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=San_Francisco%27s_Drinking_Water&amp;diff=39106</id>
		<title>San Francisco&#039;s Drinking Water</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://foundsf.org/index.php?title=San_Francisco%27s_Drinking_Water&amp;diff=39106"/>
		<updated>2026-05-26T05:13:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ccarlsson: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &amp;#039;&amp;#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&amp;#039;&amp;#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).  Image:norbeach$black-point-1870.jpg  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Black Point (now Fort Mason), 1870. A new company formed by John Bensley and Antoine (aka Anthony) Chabot...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:norbeach$black-point-1870.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Black Point (now Fort Mason), 1870. A new company formed by John Bensley and Antoine (aka Anthony) Chabot brought water through the flume that skirts the cliffs. Small farms run down to the shore. Alcatraz is in the distance.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Private Collection, San Francisco, CA&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;From Mule Carts to Crystal Springs&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the Gold Rush boomtown of 1849, enterprising water purveyors in San Francisco set out by boat to collect water from the sources that had been supplying sailing ships with drinking water before their months-long ocean voyages: Sausalito (Spanish for “little willow grove”) in Marin, and Hunters Point, a narrow peninsula extending into the bay three miles south of the growing city, where [[Albion Brewery|a sparkling stream emerged from a cave]] just a stone&#039;s throw from the water&#039;s edge. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By 1851, the Saucelito Water and Steam Tug Company was pulling barges filled with water into San Francisco&#039;s harbor. The water was lifted in barrels onto 65 mule-drawn carts that circulated on the city&#039;s streets. Residents bought this precious water for up to $20 a bucket (in today’s dollars). Bathing was a luxury reserved for the wealthy, and the city was devastated by wildfires that spread rapidly without a water supply to put them out (see Fires and Floods Chapter). The first attempt to build a piped water system began in May 1853, when the Mountain Lake Water Company broke ground on an ambitious brick tunnel beneath the Presidio, with the goal of delivering water from the Presidio’s Mountain Lake,(1) through the tunnel and into a wooden flume to the city. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Two years later, the company had burned through its initial funding, and was unable to raise the money needed to finish the project.(2) So in 1857 the city government granted the water franchise, a legal monopoly, to a new company formed by John Bensley and Antoine (aka Anthony) Chabot, in return for providing water for firefighting and other &amp;quot;municipal purposes.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bensley, a New Yorker who had gotten rich by consolidating Sacramento River steamboats into a monopoly, and Chabot, a French Canadian who had invented hydraulic mining for gold, invited Latvian-born hydraulic mining engineer Alexei Waldemar von Schmidt to join their company. Within a year, they had built a winding 7-mile redwood flume from Lobos Creek, at the west end of the Presidio, to a pumping station at today&#039;s [[Ghirardelli Square|Ghirardelli Square]]. The company also laid 14 miles of pipe and installed 100 fire hydrants. The first piped water reached customers on September 27, 1858. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The new system supplied two million gallons per day—not enough for the fast-growing city. A competing company, [[Spring Valley Water Company|Spring Valley Water Works]], had begun selling water from a spring at Mason and Washington Streets (where the Cable Car Barn is today) in 1856. Its production was miniscule by comparison—only 20,000 gallons per day—but it soon acquired the Bensley Company&#039;s most important asset: von Schmidt. In 1860 he became chief engineer and a major stockholder in Spring Valley.(3)  &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Under von Schmidt&#039;s dynamic direction, Spring Valley acquired another small water supplier, the Islais and Salinas Water Company, which had dammed a stream in Glen Canyon (today Glen Park), and flumed the water to their reservoir at Potrero Ave. and 16th Street. This brought Spring Valley&#039;s capacity up to 200,000 gallons per day—still much smaller than Bensley&#039;s, but von Schmidt had bigger plans. In 1861 he began building a diversion tunnel on San Mateo County’s Pilarcitos Creek, northeast of Half Moon Bay. This location had the county’s highest average annual rainfall—49 inches. The creek drained westward into the ocean, but von Schmidt&#039;s laborers used picks and shovels to dig their way eastward through Cahill Ridge, to divert the water to the San Mateo Creek watershed. From there, it flowed through a 32-mile wooden flume to San Francisco, arriving for the first time with great fanfare, as von Schmidt had planned for maximum publicity, on the Fourth of July, 1862. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:PilarcitosLakeCrysSprWatershedDDS.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Pilarcitos Dam and Reservoir, built in 1863 in the Crystal Springs Watershed in San Mateo County, was the first dam to supply water to San Francisco.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Christy Shake, 1997&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the drought of 1862-63, these water systems proved inadequate. To store water for dry years, Von Schmidt completed the first dam on Pilarcitos Creek in 1863, and converted one of San Francisco&#039;s small natural lakes, [[Laguna Honda|Laguna Honda]] (Spanish for &amp;quot;Deep Lake&amp;quot;), into a concrete-lined reservoir for Pilarcitos water. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Von Schmidt predicted that San Francisco would soon outgrow San Mateo County’s water sources, so in 1864 he quit Spring Valley to study the feasibility of transporting water from Lake Tahoe. Spring Valley bought out the Bensley Company in 1865, making Spring Valley the citywide monopoly. Hermann Schussler took over as chief engineer, designing and building five dams over the next 30 years on the company&#039;s land in San Mateo County. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:CrystalSpringsDam.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Lower Crystal Springs Dam, completed in 1888, was the world&#039;s largest concrete dam when it was built by San Francisco&#039;s Spring Valley Water Co. Today it lies under the [[Interstate 280’s History and Technology|Doran Bridge on I-280]].&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Christy Shake, 1997&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Among these was San Andreas Dam, which survived the 1906 Earthquake without leaking, despite sitting directly athwart the San Andreas Fault. The powerful quake moved half the dam eight feet upstream of the other half. Schussler&#039;s biggest project was Lower Crystal Springs Dam on San Mateo Creek. Built of interlocking concrete blocks, it was the world&#039;s largest concrete dam when completed in 1888. Still in use today, it lies beneath the Doran Bridge on I-280, invisible to thousands of drivers who pass over it daily.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Hard Luck Dam: Calaveras and the Drive for a City-Owned System &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite Spring Valley&#039;s aggressive construction program, many San Franciscans were dissatisfied with the company. In 1873, the city government began its first effort to buy out and expand Spring Valley&#039;s system. Two years later, the city identified Calaveras Creek in southern Alameda County as a good location for a major dam, and started moving to buy the needed land and water rights, but Spring Valley moved faster and bought them first, leaving city officials high and dry. Spring Valley sat on the land for the next 38 years, until the State Railroad Commission (today&#039;s California Public Utilities Commission) in 1913 ordered the company to build the dam to meet San Francisco&#039;s needs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before the advent of bulldozers, a common dam-building technique in California was to use a hydraulic mining water cannon to wash away a hillside, channel the resulting slurry of mud and rock to a dam site, and deposit it between two narrow, parallel embankments—like the filling in a Double Stuf Oreo cookie—to create one wide dam. These mud-filled sandwich dams were cheaper to build, since they required less labor, but weaker than dams built of dry material. Spring Valley used this method for the Calaveras Dam.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On March 24, 1918, after the half-built dam had been soaked by winter rains, the upstream embankment partially collapsed, and the mud filling oozed out around it. Spring Valley had to redesign the dam and rebuild it from the ground up, which took another seven years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Completed in 1925, Calaveras was the world’s highest earth-fill dam, at 215 feet—nearly as high as the concrete Hetch Hetchy Dam built at the same time. To deliver Hetch Hetchy’s water to San Franciscans, the city government needed to buy out Spring Valley&#039;s entire system, including pipelines beneath city streets. Voters in 1928 approved a bond proposition to buy out the Spring Valley system (albeit on the fifth try, for the needed 2/3 majority), making the city the new owner of Calaveras and the Crystal Springs Lakes in 1930—57 years after the city&#039;s buyout efforts began. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Calaveras Dam again became a concern in the 1960s, after the Calaveras Fault—just 1,500 yards from the dam—was recognized as a hazard. San Francisco’s Water Department strengthened the dam to meet earthquake safety standards in 1975. But after the [[Loma Prieta Earthquake, 1989|1989 Loma Prieta quake]], the state government toughened dam safety standards, and Calaveras again failed to make the grade. In 2001, the California Division of Safety of Dams ordered the city to keep the reservoir 60% empty, to prevent a potentially catastrophic wall of water from flattening Fremont if the dam failed. To replace it, San Francisco built an entirely new Calaveras Dam, containing enough rock and soil to fill 330,000 dump trucks.(4) It was completed in 2018 at a cost of $823 million. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
San Francisco’s watershed lands around these dams in San Mateo County (about 40 square miles) and Alameda County (62 square miles) made the city the largest absentee landowner in these counties. By 2000, San Francisco also owned 12 reservoirs, two drinking water treatment plants, and 1,191 miles of pipes beneath city streets. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;San Francisco Water Development Chronology&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1776&#039;&#039;&#039;	Mission Dolores founded near Mission Creek, Presidio founded near El Polin Spring&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1849&#039;&#039;&#039;		Gold Rush &amp;quot;49ers&amp;quot; arrive; water sold by the bucket from mule-drawn carts&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1851&#039;&#039;&#039;	 Saucelito Water and Steam Tug Co. imports water by barge from Sausalito&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1850-1852&#039;&#039;&#039;	San Francisco devastated by fire five times due to lack of water supply&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1858&#039;&#039;&#039;	Bensley Company taps Lobos Creek in Presidio, builds flume, pipes, hydrants&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1862&#039;&#039;&#039;	Tunnel, 32-mile flume bring Pilarcitos Creek water to San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1863&#039;&#039;&#039;	First Pilarcitos Dam completed&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1865&#039;&#039;&#039;	Spring Valley buys out Bensley, gaining citywide monopoly&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1870&#039;&#039;&#039;	Spring Valley completes San Andreas Dam on San Mateo Creek&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1875&#039;&#039;&#039;	Spring Valley buys Calaveras Creek land and water rights in SW Alameda County&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1876&#039;&#039;&#039;	Spring Valley builds Upper Crystal Springs Dam&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1888&#039;&#039;&#039;	Spring Valley completes Lower Crystal Springs Dam, world&#039;s largest concrete dam &lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1898-1900&#039;&#039;&#039;	Spring Valley drills wells in Pleasanton, builds Sunol aqueduct to Crystal Springs&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1900&#039;&#039;&#039;	New charter mandates that San Francisco develop its own water supply&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1906&#039;&#039;&#039;	Earthquake severs water lines; more than half of homes, businesses destroyed by fire&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1908-1910&#039;&#039;&#039;	City voters approve bond propositions to build Hetch Hetchy system&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1910-1911&#039;&#039;&#039;	City buys land, water rights in Eleanor, Cherry Creek basins near Hetch Hetchy&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1913&#039;&#039;&#039;	Congress approves Raker Act, allowing dam in Yosemite National Park&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1918&#039;&#039;&#039;	Spring Valley&#039;s Calaveras Dam, under construction, collapses; City completes first dam in Hetch Hetchy area—Eleanor Dam, 70 feet high&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1923&#039;&#039;&#039;	City completes 227-foot-high dam, flooding Hetch Hetchy Valley&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1925&#039;&#039;&#039;	Spring Valley completes rebuilt 215-foot-high Calaveras Dam&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1924-34&#039;&#039;&#039;	City builds tunnels, pipelines to bring Hetch Hetchy water to Crystal Springs&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1930&#039;&#039;&#039;	City buys out Spring Valley system &lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1934&#039;&#039;&#039;	First Hetch Hetchy water reaches San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1938&#039;&#039;&#039;	Hetch Hetchy Dam raised 85.5 feet&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1949&#039;&#039;&#039;	Voters approve bonds to build Cherry Valley Dam near Hetch Hetchy&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1952&#039;&#039;&#039;	City completes second pipeline across San Joaquin Valley&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1956-1967&#039;&#039;&#039;	City builds additional dams, tunnels, pipeline, hydroelectric power plants&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1965&#039;&#039;&#039;	Hetch Hetchy system delivers record 220 million gallons per day (GPD); City completes 195-foot-high Turner Dam in southern Alameda County&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1968&#039;&#039;&#039;	San Joaquin Pipeline #3 ups system capacity to 300 million GPD&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1967-1971&#039;&#039;&#039;	City, Irrigation Districts build New Don Pedro Dam on Tuolumne River&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1972&#039;&#039;&#039;	Bay Crossing Pipeline #4, San Andreas drinking water filtration plant completed&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1975&#039;&#039;&#039;	City strengthens Calaveras Dam for earthquake safety&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;1987-1992&#039;&#039;&#039;	Worst drought of century spurs mandatory rationing: up to 45% reductions&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;2002&#039;&#039;&#039;	Voters approve $1.6 billion in bonds to repair, replace aging water infrastructure&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;2018&#039;&#039;&#039;	City completes $4.8 billion seismic safety, rebuild projects&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;O&#039;Shaughnessy and the Hetch Hetchy Project&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By the time San Francisco bought out Spring Valley in 1930, the company&#039;s system could supply 65 million gallons per day (MGD)—more than 32 times as much as the Lobos Creek system in 1858. About 700 wells drilled throughout the city provided another 8.5 MGD. As early as 1900, however, city officials planned to tap a source that would dwarf the Spring Valley system. In 1901, [[Mayor James Phelan|Mayor James D. Phelan]] and City Engineer Carl Grunsky focused their attention on the Tuolumne River in the Sierra, due to its high volume, clean water, potential reservoir sites, and hydropower potential. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To prevent anyone else from beating the city to the water rights (as Spring Valley had done with Calaveras Creek), Phelan secretly filed for the Tuolumne water rights in his own name, then signed them over to the city in 1903. Opponents of the plan—Spring Valley, the Modesto and Turlock Irrigation Districts (which tapped the Tuolumne downstream in the San Joaquin Valley), and nature lovers led by John Muir—fought the proposed dam for 10 years. Muir famously proclaimed, &amp;quot;Dam Hetch Hetchy! As well dam for water tanks the people&#039;s cathedrals and churches, for no holier temple has ever been consecrated by the heart of man!&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hetch Hetchy was much like Yosemite Valley, just 20 miles north of its famous twin: It had towering granite walls, waterfalls, a meandering river, meadows, oaks, a warmer climate than the surrounding mountains, and was within Yosemite National Park. Dam promoters contended that they would create a lake just as beautiful, but useful, too. Muir and park supporters throughout the nation vehemently disagreed and wrote more than 5,000 letters to the Secretary of the Interior and Congress, urging them to block the project.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:HetchHetchybeforedam.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park was much like the more famous Yosemite Valley before it was flooded by San Francisco&#039;s O&#039;Shaughnessy Dam in 1923.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: unknown provenance, c. 1912&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Hetch Hetchy Story, Part I: John Muir, Preservationists vs. Conservationists|Conservationists were divided between Muir&#039;s preservationists]], and Progressives led by Mayor Phelan and Marin Congressman William Kent, who put the highest value on using public resources for the public’s benefit: The dam would supply water and electric power (which [[The Hetch Hetchy Story, Part II: PG&amp;amp;E and the Raker Act|never reached San Francisco customers]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
San Francisco voters approved the dam by a lopsided 20-1 margin on a 1910 bond proposition, thanks to a widespread perception that Spring Valley&#039;s water system was to blame for the fire that devastated the city in 1906. In reality, the city’s water mains would have been ruptured by the quake with or without the Hetch Hetchy system. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1912, newly-elected San Francisco [[Mayor &amp;quot;Sunny Jim&amp;quot; Rolph|Mayor &amp;quot;Sunny Jim&amp;quot; Rolph]] contacted prominent civil engineer [[Michael M. O&#039;Shaughnessy|Michael M. O&#039;Shaughnessy]] and made him an offer: If he could live on half the money he was making as a private consultant, O&#039;Shaughnessy could preside over the most massive engineering project in the West—Hetch Hetchy, as well as a new municipal railway system with tracks and tunnels throughout San Francisco. O&#039;Shaughnessy, then 48, an Irish immigrant and graduate of the Royal University of Dublin, leaped at the chance. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first challenge was to transport workers and supplies to the dam site. For this, O’Shaughnessy built a 68-mile-long railroad, completed in October 1917. Next, the workers needed electric power for lights, drills and machinery. For that, they built a 70-foot-high dam on Eleanor Creek (also in Yosemite National Park), and a three-mile system of flumes, tunnels, and canals to transport the water to a new powerhouse, which began generating electricity in May 1918. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once construction began, the railroad delivered 2,000 cubic yards of cement per day, operating around the clock for four years. Workers carved a tunnel through granite to divert the Tuolumne River around the dam site. Boulders and gravel up to 91 feet deep in the riverbed had to be removed before concrete could be poured. When Hetch Hetchy (aka O’Shaughnessy) Dam was dedicated on July 7, 1923, it was the largest man-made structure in the West.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another tunnel, 19 miles long, was carved through solid rock to deliver the water to Priest Reservoir, and from there down a steep drop to the Moccasin Powerhouse, completed in 1925. Moccasin not only generated power, but also money from selling it (to PG&amp;amp;E), to fund construction of the aqueduct to bring the water to the Bay Area.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then came three years of work on a tunnel to move the water 16 miles beneath the Sierra foothills. City workers competed with contractors in tunnel-building speed—the city employees won, setting a new national record of 803 feet in a month, in September 1926. Next, they built 47.5 miles of pipelines across the San Joaquin Valley, and finally, the toughest job of all: a 25-mile-long tunnel under the Coast Range to San Francisco Bay.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The tunnels were key to making the system transport water entirely by gravity—no fuel-gulping pumping stations to force the water uphill. The gravity-based system delivered water at a lower cost, but took longer to build.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Construction of the Coast Range Tunnel began in 1927, after critics warned of the hazards: gases, groundwater, quicksand, and swelling ground. In one spot, the 18-foot-diameter tunnel was squeezed by ground swelling in 24 hours to just three feet in diameter. To solve this problem, portions of the tunnel were lined with a 3-foot thick shell of cement-like gunite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On July 17, 1931, a methane explosion killed 12 workers. Construction halted for two years, but the two ends of the Coast Range Tunnel finally met on January 5, 1934, with O&#039;Shaughnessy, joined by [[Mayor Angelo Rossi|Mayor Angelo Rossi]], extending his hand through a hole in the rock to Tunnel Foreman Pete Peterson. It was the world&#039;s longest water tunnel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To celebrate the arrival of Hetch Hetchy water after 20 years of construction (and the deaths of 89 workers), city engineers built the Greek-columned Pulgas Water Temple, where visitors could see the clear Sierra water, 20 feet below them, pouring into a conduit to Crystal Springs Lake. The temple still stands along Canada Road in San Mateo County. Interior Secretary Harold Ickes came from Washington, D. C. to attend the opening ceremony on October 24, 1934. Twenty thousand people gathered around the Water Temple, but O&#039;Shaughnessy didn&#039;t make it. He died of a heart attack on October 12, at age 72 – after 22 years building the Hetch Hetchy system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Hetch Hetchy System Became Like &amp;quot;Winchester Mystery House&amp;quot; &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the heart of Silicon Valley is a bizarre, 105-room Victorian mansion, the Winchester Mystery House, built in the late 1800s by Sarah Winchester, widow of the man who invented the Winchester repeating rifle. She believed that as long as she kept building the house, she would stay alive. So she kept carpenters working on it for 38 years, until she died. But the city of San Francisco outdid Sarah Winchester, building and expanding the Hetch Hetchy Water and Power system for 58 years, starting in 1914.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In October 1933, even before Hetch Hetchy water reached San Francisco, O&#039;Shaughnessy led the campaign for his last bond proposition—this one to finance raising the dam 85.5 feet, to a total of 311.5 feet. Voters approved, and when work was completed in 1938, after O’Shaughnessy’s death, city officials renamed the dam in his memory. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:OShaughnessyDam1998DDS.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;The O&#039;Shaughnessy Dam, completed in 1923 and raised to its current height in 1938, drowned the Hetch Hetchy Valley.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: David D. Schmidt, 1998&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1941, city engineers began planning their next dam at Cherry Creek Canyon, 17 miles northwest of Hetch Hetchy. In 1947, San Francisco voters approved funding for a second pipeline across the San Joaquin Valley, and a pipeline around the southern end of San Francisco Bay, to more than double the system&#039;s capacity to 150 MGD, completed in 1952. In 1955, voters approved bonds to build two more hydroelectric power plants, finished in 1960 and 1967.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After voters approved another bond proposition in 1961, the city built a third San Joaquin Valley pipeline, doubling the system&#039;s capacity again, to 300 MGD, when the pipeline opened in 1968. Construction of the New Don Pedro Dam, downstream from the Moccasin Powerhouse, got underway in 1967. The dam was dedicated in May 1971, and a fourth South Bay pipeline was completed in June 1972. By this time, Hetch Hetchy was supplying water not just for San Francisco but for San Mateo County, Hayward, Fremont, and parts of Santa Clara County.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1960s, concerns over the purity of water in the Calaveras and San Antonio Reservoirs in the East Bay, where cattle graze upstream, prompted the city to build the Sunol Filtration Plant, completed in 1966. At the Crystal Springs Watershed in San Mateo County, cattle were excluded after 1940, but the possibility of contamination from other sources, such as runoff from the I-280 freeway (completed in 1973), led the city to build the San Andreas Filtration Plant, completed in 1972 and greatly expanded in 1992. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These facilities filter and disinfect all water in the system. The disinfection was originally done with highly toxic chlorine, but chlorination of water with organic materials in it (such as dead leaves) was shown in the 1990s to create toxic by-products. So in 2003 San Francisco joined many other cities disinfecting with chloramine, a compound of chlorine and ammonia. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1970s, San Francisco&#039;s once-mighty construction program turned from expansion to maintenance. By 2000, the city struggled to maintain its aging water system. Pipelines and other facilities built in the 1920s and 1930s, and even earlier, needed replacement. But funding from Hetch Hetchy electric power sales, which had helped build the system, was largely unavailable in the 1980s and 1990s because Mayors Diane Feinstein, Art Agnos, Frank Jordan, and Willie Brown [[Who Pays for Public Water? S.F. vs. Suburbs|diverted a staggering $670 million]] to fill gaps in the city budget.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2002, Brown and the Board of Supervisors placed on the November ballot a $1.6 billion bond proposition to repair and rebuild the system. Feinstein, then a U.S. Senator, starred in ads paid for by the city’s Chamber of Commerce urging voters to approve it. The Sierra Club was opposed, contending that the bonds would not just replace aging infrastructure, but allow the city to build a fourth pipeline to take more water from the Tuolumne River, threatening fish and encouraging urban sprawl.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Voters approved the measure by a 53.3% margin—nothing like the 20-1 margin in 1910, but sufficient to pass. Five days later, as if on cue, one of the aqueduct&#039;s three pipelines ruptured in a farm field near Modesto, sending up a 100-foot geyser of water for nine hours before workers shut down the pipeline and patched it. At the Moccasin Powerhouse, when workers began reopening the gate regulating water flow into the pipelines, a six-inch metal pin broke, immobilizing the gate. Water delivery was cut in half as city engineers scrambled to find a replacement part, have it flown in from Colorado, and installed it. The $1.6 billion turned out to be just the down payment on a series of 83 water infrastructure seismic safety rebuild projects in the Bay Area (35 of them in San Francisco alone), completed by 2018 at a cost of $4.8 billion. New technology has given the joints in the system’s pipelines the ability to flex up to six feet, or compress without breaking, in an earthquake.(5) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fourth Hetch Hetchy pipeline was never built, but another major renovation got underway in early 2022 when workers began repairing the 19-mile-long Mountain Tunnel, which transports water from the Kirkwood Powerhouse to Priest Reservoir in the Sierra foothills. The work can only be done during winter, when water demand is lower and the tunnel can be de-watered. The target date for completion was 2027.(6)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. There are no mountains around “Mountain Lake.” It was a bad translation of “Laguna de Loma Alta”: Lake of the High Hill, according to Gudde, Erwin G., and William Bright, &#039;&#039;California Place Names&#039;&#039;, Fourth Edition (Berkeley: UC Press, 1998), p. 250.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Nolte, Carl, “Tunnel tells tale of 1850s dream: Relic of ambitious project found in Presidio,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Oct. 11, 2010.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Kamiya, Gary, “Barrel system washed out by city’s 1st water company, &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, Feb. 20, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Rogers, Paul, “Calaveras Dam project reaches major milestone,” &#039;&#039;San Jose Mercury-News&#039;&#039;, April 18, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Johnson, Lizzie, “Water system now set for the Big One,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, July 31, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6. Hao, Claire, “Huge tunnel for water getting urgent repairs,” &#039;&#039;San Francisco Chronicle&#039;&#039;, April 17, 2023.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:water]] [[category:Shoreline]] [[category:Power and Money]]  [[category:Public Health]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:San Francisco outside the city]] [[category:1890s]] [[category:1900s]] [[category:1906]] [[category:1920s]] [[category:1930s]] [[category:1950s]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2010s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
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		<updated>2026-05-26T04:44:04Z</updated>

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		<updated>2026-05-26T04:40:47Z</updated>

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		<title>San Francisco’s Struggles With Sewage, 1860s-1990s</title>
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&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;font face = Papyrus&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font color = maroon&amp;gt; &amp;lt;font size = 4&amp;gt;Historical Essay&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;by David D. Schmidt, 2026&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;An excerpt from the book, [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History&#039;&#039;], by David D. Schmidt (Backcountry Press, 2025).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:KirbyCoveCulvertFeb2025.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;This historic brick culvert, built in the 1860s at Kirby Cove in the Marin Headlands, is similar in size and shape to the brick sewers built in San Francisco in the 1860s to 1890s.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: David D. Schmidt, 2025.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Beneath the Streets of San Francisco: Old Brick Sewers&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the pre-dawn hours of December 11, 1995, high winds and rain lashed San Francisco, and a century-old brick sewer backed up with water and burst, spewing 94 million gallons of street runoff and untreated sewage onto a steep sandy slope in the city&#039;s ritzy Sea Cliff neighborhood, a mile southwest of the Golden Gate Bridge. The dirty water flowed downhill into [[Water in the Presidio|Lobos Creek]]—the drinking water source for the Presidio, a former Army base that transitioned to national park in 1994. As water rushed from the ruptured sewer, it washed away the sand beneath Howard and Iran Billman&#039;s three-story home, which collapsed like a house of cards. By this time, it was daylight, and TV crews were on the scene, filming the spectacle for nationwide news networks. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2000, 90 of San Francisco&#039;s 900 miles of sewers were still made of brick, which had been recognized as problematic more than a century earlier. The sewers of the late 1800s were oval-shaped brick tunnels five feet high and three feet wide—just large enough for a worker to walk through them, which was occasionally necessary to remove blockages. One hundred and thirty-five miles of the [[Sewerage|city’s sewer system]], or 15% of it, had been built before 1906; some of it dated as far back as 1850. The 1995 incident put city officials on notice that they needed to replace the brick sewers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1850s, the earliest San Francisco sewers collected only street runoff, because there was no piped water, and no flush toilets. By the 1870s, water pipes and toilets were standard features of new homes and hotels. When the gigantic, opulent [[Palace Hotel|Palace Hotel]] opened on Market Street in 1875, it had 755 flush toilets—one for every room or suite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before 1880, toilets were not always connected to San Francisco’s sewers. Many discharged their dirty water into privy vaults—covered brick tanks in backyards. In some areas that lacked sewers, such as along Precita Creek (today’s Cesar Chavez Street in the Mission District) in the early 1870s, toilets discharged directly into creeks. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These disposal methods created offensive overflows and odors and transformed Precita and Islais Creeks into open sewers. By the late 1860s, a city ordinance required privy vaults to discharge into the sewers. This didn’t solve the problems—it just moved them downstream.&lt;br /&gt;
As San Francisco Public Health Officer Dr. I. Rowell explained in 1869, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The method of disposing of filth in this city is the most wretched of any city in the civilized world. . . . [sewage] is sent on its sluggish course through the sewers to the bay, discharging through the open vents at every street corner a volume of disease-bearing effluvia that would cause any animal but man to rush in wild disorder from the spot, and avoid it thereafter as the burned child avoids fire. . . . &amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The “disease-bearing effluvia”—sewer gas—is a mixture of hydrogen sulfide and methane generated by bacteria consuming organic matter in the sewage. Both gases can be fatal when inhaled in an enclosed area—like a sewer. Rowell and other public health experts of the late 1800s, however, erroneously believed that the gas was spreading disease. Their remedies for the sewer system focused on preventing sewer gas from getting into homes and buildings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Fighting the Dreaded Sewer Gas &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To accomplish this, they recommended &amp;quot;sink traps&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;toilet traps&amp;quot;—those now-familiar bends in the drainage pipes which are always filled with water. By the mid-1870s street corner catch basins, beneath the heavy metal grates on every streetcorner, were designed with water-filled traps for the same reason.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The traps didn’t always work, because the sewers generated gases that pushed up through sinks and toilets into homes and buildings. Eventually someone thought to make small holes in the cast-iron manhole covers on the streets, to equalize the air pressure inside and outside the sewers—a low-tech solution that still works today. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To prevent the &#039;&#039;formation&#039;&#039; of sewer gas, public health experts argued that sewers should transport wastewater to the bay quickly, to minimize decomposition (which generates the gases) during its journey through the sewers. This was nearly impossible in the flatlands of San Francisco and Oakland, where sewage stagnated. Plus, wherever waterfront outfalls were below the high tide mark, high tides held back or even reversed the flow of sewage. When sewage finally did reach the bay, the stench was, according to an 1876 report by William P. Humphreys, San Francisco&#039;s official city surveyor, &amp;quot;. . . offensive to the last degree of endurance.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was one reason why the city’s well-to-do lived on Nob Hill, while the working class lived in the flatlands. Some public health advocates proposed building a new, separate, narrow-piped drainage system for sewage only (not storm runoff). The small pipes, they contended, would be cheaper than sewers and would move the sewage faster to the bay. Others urged building water tanks atop the city&#039;s hills, to periodically flush the sewers. These ideas never caught on because the city government was barely able to construct sewers in new neighborhoods fast enough, much less build an entirely new sewer system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1868, San Francisco had only 38 miles of sewers, but more were being added constantly. By 1880 the city had 128 miles, and by 1893, 227 miles. These sewers conveyed storm water and sewage, but they were often clogged with sand, gravel, and according to Humphreys,&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;“. . . substances which they were never intended to receive; such as street dirt [horse manure], garbage . . . ashes, shavings, sticks, brickbats, coal, bones, bottles, rotten fruit and vegetables, old clothes, boots, shoes and stockings, broken crockery, etc. In some parts of the city dead dogs, cats, and rats have been found in these [streetcorner] catch-basins. The facility with which their covers can be removed and replaced, particularly at night, invite to this easy way of disposing of all kinds of garbage.”&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;San Francisco’s Sewer Woes&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In outlying areas, sewer construction lagged years behind housing. According to an 1892 lecture by physician and public health advocate Dr. I. H. Stallard, new houses dumping their wastewater directly into Precita Creek&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. . . grew to be an intolerable and dangerous nuisance . . . About 1875 an Act of the Legislature was obtained to abate the evil at the cost of the whole community.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This &amp;quot;evil&amp;quot; was abated by building a mile-long, oversized brick sewer 11&#039; 6&amp;quot; wide and 8&#039; 9&amp;quot; high in the creekbed, and building Army Street (now Cesar Chavez Street) on top of it. The sewer emptied into a tidal slough, Islais Creek. But rainy season runoff from unpaved streets and construction sites caused soil erosion, dumping sediment into this giant sewer. According to Stallard,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;Immense quantities of sand and gravel are brought down. The scour has washed out the cement between the bricks, and the floor of the sewer is like a cobble-stone pavement, providing a lodgement for filth . . . Meantime the fine sand is washed into [Islais] creek and the coarse gravel left behind. Every year it has to be removed by hand labor. Last year it took five gangs of men six weeks to take it out . . .&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the dry season, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The flow of sewage . . . rarely runs more than three or four inches deep. . . . deltas of filth collect at the entrances of the lateral sewers . . . stench and dangerous gases are given off . . . One effect, however, is to purify the sewage in a small degree . . . The sewage flow . . . is diverted by the accumulation of islands of deposits . . . into a hundred channels . . . Thus we have formed a sort of subterranean sewage farm; . . . and when the sewage arrives at the outlet near Islais Creek . . . it has become bright and sparkling; it has lost all its odor; [according to] the gentleman who has his tannery at the outlet: &#039;In the early days I have drank much worse looking water, and if I did not know where it came from I would not hesitate to drink this now. . . .&#039;&amp;quot; &amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stallard had unwittingly described sewage treatment by bacteria—the basis for sewage treatment technology that would be developed in the early 1900s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The stagnating sewers caused more problems: When clogged with sand, soil, and debris, they overflowed and flooded streets and basements. A city ordinance required sewers to be placed 10 feet below the surface, to ensure that new sewers could be connected with existing ones. But this meant that on flat land, especially former bay waters that had been filled in, the sewage would stagnate. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Channel Street [China Basin] sewer, which drained the Mission District, was a case in point—it needed constant cleaning after it was built in 1872. According to Stallard, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. . Nearly all the lateral sewers are . . . choked by sand brought down from the immense drainage area. The sand is black and stinking. . . . In September last [it was] four feet nine inches [deep], occupying considerably more than half the capacity of the sewer. It contained about 18,000 cubic yards of filth . . . At first five men were employed [to clean it out], then for two weeks, 25; . . . Sand enough has been taken from this sewer to fill it three times over.”&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was a dirty, dangerous job for the men and boys hired to do it. Stallard cited an 1885 sewer study, which found that in filled-in flat areas, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot; . . . [A]s they approach the bay the sewers are either level or run up hill [!]. All the sewers below [east of] Montgomery Street are tidal. . . . they become elongated cess pools  . . . Their size and shape is not uniform. Sometimes there is a 16-inch pipe made to take the sewage of a five-foot sewer. . . . In many there are rotten bricks, sandy mortar, and in one place the bricks were found replaced by empty barrels. . . .&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1899, San Francisco voters approved $4.6 million in bonds (equal to more than $100 million today) to improve the sewer system, but legal complications invalidated the bonds, so a second vote was needed, and it was delayed by the 1906 Earthquake until May 1908. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This time, voters approved the bonds by an overwhelming 15 to 1 margin. Mission Bay had already been filled in, and its remaining channel, China Basin, was grossly polluted. According to City Engineer Carl Grunsky’s May 19, 1909 report, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The discharge from these sewers [emptying into China Basin] represents more than half of the sewage and rain-water . . . of the city. During half the year there is no rain to dilute the sewage, and it ebbs and flows . . . creating a filthy nuisance beggaring description.”&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grunsky argued that “Dilution in the waters of the bay and ocean [is] without doubt for San Francisco the natural and proper method of sewage disposal.&amp;quot; The city’s sewer planners assumed that the tides would sweep the sewage out to sea twice a day—Nature’s own flushing system. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
San Francisco continued building sewers in the southeast quadrant of the city in the 1920s and 1930s, routing that sewage to a new outfall at the Islais Creek Channel—another remnant of a bay inlet that had been filled. The channel soon gained the unflattering moniker, “S**t Creek.” South of the city, the dumping of raw sewage contaminated and forced closure of [[Oysters, Pirates, and Pollution|the bay’s last major oyster growing operation]] on tidal mudflats that would later be filled and paved to make runways at [[San Francisco Airport|San Francisco International Airport]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Sewage Farms in San Francisco&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the late 1800s, even San Francisco had farms irrigated by sewage. In the Marina District, farmers used wastewater flowing downhill from the mansions on Pacific Heights. According to an 1893 city engineer&#039;s report, &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The sewage of the Steiner Street sewer, and to some extent that of the Pierce Street, is being utilized during the spring and summer months for the irrigation of [[COW HOLLOW SANITATION SCANDAL c. 1900|Chinese vegetable gardens]] . . . north of Chestnut Street.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[The Statue of a Heroic Crusader who Spent his Life Fighting to Keep Statues out of Golden Gate Park.|John McLaren]], San Francisco&#039;s legendary parks director from 1893 to 1943, was always looking for ways to get more soil and compost to transform the western half of Golden Gate Park from sand dunes to lush greenery. He had the city&#039;s street sweepings, mainly horse manure before 1920, delivered to the park daily. Asked what he wanted for his birthday, he famously replied, &amp;quot;Twenty tons of good manure.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the city rebuilt from the 1906 Earthquake and Fire, McLaren arranged for the raw sewage from the city&#039;s western half, then only partly developed, to empty into two open irrigation ditches in Golden Gate Park. The public outcry over seeing (and smelling) sewage in the park was so intense, however, that McLaren was forced to build a septic tank in 1912 to remove the solid material before using the sewage. Continued public pressure, and the discovery of well water sources in the park, prompted McLaren to stop watering the park with sewage in 1916. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Golden Gate Park’s McQueen Plant Pioneers Secondary Treatment, Re-use&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1926, San Francisco’s Board of Parks Commissioners found a new method of treating sewage so it could again be used for irrigation in Golden Gate Park, but without offensive odors. They hired Henry E. Elrod, a Houston engineer who held patents on several sewage treatment technologies, to design a treatment plant using the “activated sludge process.” &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This technique forces jets of air into concrete pools of primary-treated sewage to speed the growth of bacteria that break down the organic pollutants. Some of the resulting sludge—alive with bacteria, and thus “activated”—is constantly routed back to the aeration pools to help the bacteria multiply quickly. This mimics the natural process of bacteria breaking down the waste, but speeds it up from 90 days to as little as 90 minutes. This method, developed in Chicago by 1915, is now used for secondary sewage treatment in urban areas nationwide, thanks to the federal Clean Water Act of 1972. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Back in 1932, park boss John McLaren hired the McQueen Sewage Disposal Company, owned by Frank McQueen, to build the facility Elrod designed in the center of Golden Gate Park. The plant pumped up to a million gallons per day of treated wastewater into Elk Glen Lake,(1) where it acquired a green tint from microscopic algae. From there, it flowed into nearby Mallard Lake and continued westward through a ditch to the park’s Chain of Lakes. Even if you jumped over the ditch—as the author did dozens of times as a high school cross country runner in the 1970s—no sewage smell was noticeable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Golden Gate Park Sewer Archives1.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;McQueen Sewage Treatment Plant in Golden Gate Park, 1935.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Photo: Golden Gate Park Sewer Archives&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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The McQueen facility provided water to irrigate about 800 of the park’s 1,017 acres. During California’s 1976-1977 drought, it was recognized as the first of its kind, providing treated wastewater for reuse and helping conserve the city&#039;s drinking water. Its long-time operator, George Mallick, loved to give tours of the place. He predicted that it was the wave of the future in water-short California. But the aging plant was unable to meet stringent state water quality standards that took effect in the late 1970s and closed in 1982. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mallick was vindicated in 2018, when the city started building a recycled water facility at the Oceanside Water Pollution Control Plant, adjacent to the San Francisco Zoo. When construction was complete in 2023, the project started piping up to 4 million gallons per day of recycled water to a new pumping plant in Golden Gate Park, just a few steps from the old McQueen site. The water, treated to meet state standards using membrane filtration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet disinfection, will irrigate the park as well as golf courses at the Presidio and Lincoln Park.(2)  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;San Francisco Finally Cleans Up&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1971 and 1974, San Francisco adopted plans to comply with the state’s 1969 Porter-Cologne Act and the 1972 federal Clean Water Act by building two major secondary treatment facilities. Over the next 20 years, the city spent $1.6 billion to upgrade its entire system to secondary treatment. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the late 1970s, the city expanded the Southeast Treatment Plant to increase its capacity and provide secondary treatment. The [[Sewerage|new facilities]] started operating in July 1982, but that was only half the battle. With San Francisco’s combined wastewater and stormwater sewer system, every time it rained, the volume of water going to the treatment plants suddenly increased tenfold, or more—too much for the treatment plants to handle, so most of the untreated sewage/stormwater mixture went straight into the bay or ocean.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next, the city routed wastewater from the North Point primary treatment plant near Fisherman&#039;s Wharf to the Southeast Plant for secondary treatment. The North Point facility was still needed during the rainy season, when rain events overwhelmed the capacity of both plants. To solve this problem, the stormwater/sewage surge had to be contained, and fed to the treatment plants gradually after a rainstorm. For this, the city built hidden holding reservoirs for wet weather flows, 40 feet deep beneath the surface of Marina Boulevard and the Embarcadero. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With San Francisco&#039;s bayside pollution finally under control—more than 70 years after City Engineer Carl Grunsky said all of the city’s raw sewage should be dumped in the bay—the city’s Department of Public Works (DPW) turned its attention to the ocean side. In 1981-1982, the DPW built a mile-long concrete sewage reservoir beneath the Great Highway at Ocean Beach, to store the stormwater/sewage flows after each rainfall, until they could be treated at the aging Richmond-Sunset [primary] Treatment Plant in Golden Gate Park. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This reduced rainy season beach pollution while the city built the new Oceanside [secondary] Treatment Plant adjacent to the San Francisco Zoo. The new facility, partially underground and hidden from public view, opened in 1993, capping 20 years of planning and construction. The Oceanside plant can treat 2.8 cubic meters of sewage per second—up to 65 MGD. It removes up to 95% of the pollutants in the wastewater before discharging it in deep water 4.5 miles offshore, keeping the beaches clean. The old Richmond-Sunset Plant was demolished in 1995, bringing an unlamented end to more than 60 years of sewage treatment in Golden Gate Park. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the first time, the city had secondary treatment for all its sewage during the dry season and 2/3 of it during wet weather, when the wastewater was 94% street runoff and only 6% sewage. Only 10% of the stormwater/sewage surges were discharged without any treatment, flowing into the ocean and bay at the city&#039;s 36 &amp;quot;overflow structures&amp;quot; (outfalls). Two of them are highly visible: the concrete piers on Ocean Beach at Vicente Street and at Lincoln Way. &lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;Questions? Email the author: davidnaturesf@gmail.com&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Notes&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Pinhey, Nicholas, California Water Environment Association, [https://www.cwea.org/news/forgotten-facilities-golden-gate-parks-1932-recycled-water-plant/ “Forgotten Facilities: Golden Gate Park’s Recycled Water Plant,”] accessed in 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, [https://sfpuc.org/construction-contracts/construction-projects/westside-enhanced-water-recycling-project “Westside Enhanced Water Recycling Project,”] accessed June 2023.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:SFBay-History-WEB2-360x570.jpg|240px|left]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Excerpted from David D. Schmidt&#039;s &#039;&#039;San Francisco Bay Area: An Environmental History.&#039;&#039; Available from [https://backcountrypress.com/book/san-francisco-bay-area/ Backcountry Press].&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Ecology]] [[category:water]] [[category:Shoreline]] [[category:Power and Money]]  [[category:Public Health]] [[category:Book Excerpts]] [[category:1890s]] [[category:1900s]] [[category:1906]] [[category:1920s]] [[category:1930s]] [[category:1950s]] [[category:1970s]] [[category:1980s]] [[category:1990s]] [[category:2010s]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ccarlsson</name></author>
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